Really heavily requested topic today. Let's do the clap for professionalism.

Recently two discoveries, one in Oregon, one in Brazil, have reignited the debate

about when humans first arrived in America. My goodness this debate is just ongoing,

never ending. Today we're going to talk about each of them and what they might

mean for this highly debated question, when did humans arrive in the Americas?

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so heavily debated time and time again. Uuhh well it's it's basically all to do with Out of Africa.

Modern humans, my ancestors, your ancestors mainly evolved in Africa and neighboring regions before

expanding to the rest of the world and it's a major preoccupation of Paleolithic archeology

to try and figure out how that migration occurred, when did we reach different parts of the world. In

every region the debate is a little bit different. In Europe the debate really revolves around when

did modern humans replace neanderthals and how did that transition occur? In western Asia and

Southern Asia the debate is similar it really revolves around who was living there what kind of

hominin, what kind of ancient human? Were these in fact key regions alongside Africa in the evolution

of homo sapiens? Probably yes I would bet, but there are two regions where the arrival of modern

humans is really heavily debated Australia and America. Australia is heavily debated because

it has not been attached to Asia in the entire time that humans have been evolving. Millions

upon millions of years it has been separate from Asia. That's why their animals are so funky,

you know there are koalas and stuff. So the arrival of modern humans in Papua New Guinea and

Australia had to have involved a sea-going voyage, a deliberate Voyage of exploration across the sea

and it was probably the first time in human history that that had happened. So when humans

arrived in Australia, it's just it's just heavily debated, big interest of Paleolithic archeology.

In America the debate is kind of similar America was only connected to Asia via a land mass that

we call Beringia that is now way below the water. Problem is that even though America was connected

to Asia there were enormous ice sheets, the entirety of Canada was covered in ice sheets

and so the way Inland was was completely blocked. So again the first humans in North America had to

travel by water down the coastline of the North Pacific which would have been a difficult voyage

I'm sure. My goodness we've all seen that the crap fishing thing on on Discovery Channel

*big splash, fishermen groaning*

This is the lost landmass of Beringia here. You can see this huge land mass once connected Alaska

to Siberia but the way Inland was blocked by these enormous glaciers. So again the arrival

of humans in America just says so much about the capabilities of people deep in pre-history

in the Paleolithic when it happened though is highly debated. The first really widespread

archaeological culture in America is the Clovis culture, many of you have probably heard about it,

I've actually got a replica Clovis tool here. Clovis people made these really distinctive

fluted, skooooweeeep, curved points. They're absolutely fantastic piece of craftsmanship

and they're found widely across North America. Look at this map here. You can see all across

North America you can find Clovis points and the they date between 13,500 and 12,800 years

ago. So we know for sure humans were living across North and South America uh by that

point definitely. We also know that modern Native Americans are their descendants from

the the genetics of a burial that contained Clovis tools, Anzic child. So Native Americans,

their ancestors all across the Americas by 13,500 years ago. Most archaeologists believe that people

were here before that point and that idea is backed up by genetics too but how far back,

how much earlier than Clovis it's just really heavily debated. I just made a video video

that came out like three weeks before these new discoveries on a really promising site in Idaho,