Advanced Italian CourseItalian words

*Welcome to the Advanced Italian Language Course!* Ciao a tutti! Are you prepared to elevate your Italian skills? In this course, you will *master the subjunctive to express wishes and uncertainties, expand your vocabulary* on various topics and *learn to combine double pronouns.* We'll also *get a glimpse of the passato remoto* to deepen your understanding of Italian. In this first section, let’s warm up with some advanced vocab before we plunge into the grammar! Ready?

*Vocabolario avanzato per i viaggiatori* In this lesson, you will learn advanced travel tips in Italian. You’ll practice questions and phrases for renting cars, checking into hotels, and planning activities. These phrases are already advanced, so when you travel to Italy, you’ll be able to handle even more challenging situations.

*Il futuro anteriore* Welcome to the exciting world of *the future perfect tense*! This tense allows you to talk about actions that *will have been completed* before a certain point in the future. Think of it as your way of predicting the past from a future perspective! The futuro anteriore combines the *future tense* of "avere" or "essere" with the *past participle* of the main verb. For example, if you want to say *'I will have eaten.'*: "Io avrò mangiato." Or for *'I will have gone'*: "Io sarò andato/a." Use the futuro anteriore when you want to: *discuss future plans or predictions that will be completed by a certain time* *express conditions in the future*

*Exploring nature: Vocabulary for outdoor adventures* In this lesson, we will explore vocabulary useful for an adventure in nature, discovering breathtaking landscapes and essential equipment for the journey.

*Il congiuntivo presente I.* *Subjunctive* is used to express *desires, doubts, emotions, and hypothetical situations*. It's the tense of 'if and maybe', perfect for expressing things that aren't certain yet. We use the "congiuntivo" when we want to: *Express desires*: "Spero che tu venga alla festa!" *Make assumptions or express doubts*: "Non sono sicuro che lui sappia la verità." *Talk about emotions*: "Mi fa piacere che tu sia qui!" Notice that the present subjunctive has the same conjugation for all singular persons. To make it clearer, we often include the pronoun with the conjugated verb form: "A scuola si dice che io parli bene francese." In this lesson, we will practice the present subjunctive with first-group -ARE verbs. "PARLARE" "che io parli" (that I speak),"che tu parli" (that you speak),"che lui/lei parli" (that he/she speaks),"che noi parliamo" (that we speak),"che voi parliate" (that you all speak),"che loro parlino"(that they speak)

*Il congiuntivo presente II.* In this lesson, we will practice *the present subjunctive with second-group -ERE verbs.* "VENDERE" "che io venda" (that I sell) "che tu venda" (that you sell) "che lui/lei venda" (that he/she sells) "che noi vendiamo" (that we sell) "che voi vendiate" (that you all sell) "che loro vendano" (that they sell)

*Il congiuntivo presente III.* And finally, we’ll look at *the third-group -IRE verbs.* "DORMIRE" "che io dorma" (that I sleep) "che tu dorma" (that you sleep) "che lui/lei dorma" (that he/she sleeps) "che noi dormiamo" (that we sleep) "che voi dormiate" (that you all sleep) "che loro dormano" (that they sleep)

*La cinematografia* Let’s take a break from the tricky subjunctive and have some fun with Italian! In this lesson, we’ll explore *cinema and movies, learning useful vocabulary and expressions.* Are you able to understand a short article ("un articolo") about *cinema*? "Un film è un potente mezzo di narrazione. Le persone possono relazionarsi con i personaggi e seguire le loro storie. Il valore del cinema è che ci permette di esplorare emozioni e esperienze diverse, rendendo il mondo più comprensibile." Don’t forget: to get a translation, just hold your finger on any word you don’t understand.

*Verbi irregolari nel congiuntivo presente I.* Now that you are an expert with regular verbs in the present subjunctive, it’s time to make things a bit more challenging. In this lesson, *we will learn irregular verbs in the* "congiuntivo". These verbs don’t follow the regular patterns, but with some practice, you’ll be able to use them naturally in real-life situations, *expressing desires, doubts, and emotions* like a true Italian speaker. Let's take a look at some of the most important irregular verbs: "ESSERE - sia, sia, sia, siame, siate, siano" "AVERE - abbia, abbia, abbia, abbiamo, abbiate, abbiano" "ANDARE - vada, vada, vada, andiamo, andiate, vadano" "FARE - faccia, faccia, faccia, facciamo, facciate, facciano" "DARE - dia, dia, dia, diamo, diate, diano" "USCIRE - esca, esca, esca, usciamo, usciate, escano" "VENIRE - venga, venga, venga, veniamo, veniate, vengano"

*Vocabolario per mangiare fuori* In this session, we will focus on essential vocabulary for dining out and table settings. After the lesson, you’ll feel confident in a restaurant, knowing exactly what to ask the waiter and how to navigate the dining experience in Italian.

*Verbi irregolari nel congiuntivo II.* You’ve already mastered the most common irregular verbs in the present subjunctive, so now it’s time to take it to the next level. In this lesson, we will explore *more irregular verbs that appear frequently in everyday Italian.* Let's take a look at the conjugation of modal verbs and some additional irregular ones. "DOVERE - debba, debba, debba, dobbiamo, dobbiate, debbano" "POTERE - possa, possa, possa, possiamo, possiate, possano" "VOLERE - voglia, voglia, voglia, vogliamo, vogliate, vogliano" "SAPERE - sappia, sappia, sappia, sappiamo, sappiate, sappiano" "STARE - stia, stia, stia, stiamo, stiate, stiano" "TENERE - tenga, tenga, tenga, teniamo, teniate, tengano" "DIRE - dica, dica, dica, diciamo, diciate, dicano"

*L’ambiente* In this lesson, we’ll dive into essential vocabulary related to *the environment*, making it easier for you to discuss important topics like climate change and sustainability. "Le energie possono essere suddivise in energie rinnovabili e non rinnovabili." "Esempi di energie rinnovabili: energia eolica, geotermica, idroelettrica e solare." And, remember: "Abbiamo solo una Terra, non possiamo permetterci di distruggerla."

*Espressioni del congiuntivo - subjuntive expressions* Here are some expressions that typically trigger the use of the congiuntivo. Take a look at them.

*Trapassato prossimo* The "trapassato prossimo" is a *past perfect tense* used to describe an *action that occurred before another past event*. For instance, if you want to say 'I had eaten before going out', you'd use the trapassato prossimo. To form the trapassato prossimo, you'll need the "imperfetto" of the auxiliary verbs "essere" or "avere", + *past participle* of the main verb. "Marco era stanco perché aveva studiato fino a tardi la notte prima." (Marco was tired because he had studied until late the night before.) "Gli amici erano venuti, ma non li avevo visti perché quando sono arrivata erano già ripartiti." (The friends had come, but I had not seen them because when I arrived they had already left.)

*Italy - a cradle of European civilization* Italy holds a vital place in European and world history. Have you ever come across terms like "Rinascimento" or "Impero romano"? To enhance your conversations and deepen understanding, let’s explore some of the *remarkable historical and cultural moments* that shaped Italy into what it is today. For example, you can describe: -"l’Umanesimo" as "un movimento culturale" ("Nel Quattrocento, l'Umanesimo ha influenzato molti artisti e pensatori.") -"il Rinascimento" as "un periodo storico" ("Nel 1500, molti artisti hanno vissuto durante il Rinascimento.") -and "fascismo" as "il movimento politico d'estrema destra". ("Durante il fascismo, molti diritti furono limitati.") Let’s uncover the rich tapestry of Italy’s past together!

*Introduction to Passato remoto* In this lesson, we'll dive into the passato remoto, a verb tense that tells us about *actions completed in the distant past.* While you might not hear it often in everyday conversation, knowing this tense is essential for understanding stories and historical texts. Let’s try to identify the forms of the "passato remoto" used in each sentence. "C'era una volta un grande impero che dominava gran parte dell'Europa." "Nel 1492, Cristoforo Colombo scoprì nuove terre e cambiò il corso della storia." "La regina Isabella fu molto contenta del suo successo e lo premiò con titoli nobiliari." "Da quel giorno, Colombo divenne un simbolo di avventura e scoperta." "Scoprì" - "scoprire" - he discovered "Cambiò" - "cambiare" – he changed "Fu" - "essere" – she was "Premiò" - "premiare" – she awarded "Divenne" - "diventare" – he became

*Dal dottore* You've already learned the vocabulary of the human body, let’s now explore useful words and phrases you can use during a *visit to the doctor*, including different types of specialists like: "il chirurgo" - "la chirurgia" "il neurologo" - "la neurologia" "il pediatra" - "la pediatria" "il cardiologo" - "la cardiologia" "il ginecologo" - "la ginecologia" "lo psichiatra" - "la psichiatria"

*Combining direct and indirect pronouns I.* Direct object pronouns ("mi", "ti", "lo", "la", "ci", "vi", "li", "le") and indirect object pronouns ("mi", "ti", "gli", "le", "ci", "vi", "gli") are often used together in a sentence. We can also call it *double pronouns.* When used together, the *indirect object pronoun comes first*, followed immediately by the *direct object pronoun*. Be careful, *some of the pronouns change their form!* "Mi dai il libro? Sì, te lo do." (Do you give me the book? Yes, I give it to you.) "Ci porti le chiavi? Sì, ve le porto." (Will you bring us the keys? Yes, I bring them to you.) *In negative sentences, pronouns come before the verb.* "Non mi dai il libro? No, non te lo do." (Won't you give me the book? No, I won't give it to you.) With *the imperative, double pronouns go after the verb* and are attached to it. "Diglielo!" (Tell him/her about it!)

*Campione del traffico* In this lesson, we will explore vocabulary related to roads, traffic, and road safety, turning you into a true *traffic champion*, ready to handle any situation on the road!

*Espressioni idiomatiche* Welcome to our lesson on *Italian idiomatic expressions and colloquialisms!* These colorful phrases enrich your vocabulary and reflect cultural nuances, making your communication more natural and engaging. By learning these expressions, you will *enhance your conversational fluency and better understand spoken Italian* in everyday contexts.

*Sciare in Italia: Vocabolario essenziale per le piste* Italy is famous for its mountains, from the Alps to the Dolomites. If you’re coming here to ski, you’ll want to know the right words!