Kursus vir beginners II (A1/A2)Engelse woorde

by DuoCards

*Welkom by die Kursus vir Beginners II!* Kom ons begin met die werkwoorde "to do"en "to make."hulle word dikwels verwar, so kom ons leer hoe om hulle korrek te gebruik. "Do"verwys gewoonlik na die *aksie* , terwyl "make"oor die algemeen na die *resultaat verwys.* Jy kan byvoorbeeld "do homework", "do the shopping", of "do yoga", maar jy "make lunch", "make plans", of "make friends".

to make friends

om vriende te maak

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

’n belofte

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

om 'n belofte te maak

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

een keer per week

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Ek doen my hare.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

'n voorstel

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

om 'n voorstel te maak

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Hy het 'n grappie gemaak.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Ek maak my bed op.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Jy het goed gedoen.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

om planne te maak

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Kom ons maak planne vir môre.

*Sal gespanne wees* Jy het reeds die Toekomstige tyd GAAN NA geleer. Kom ons kyk nou na die *Futur Simple-tyd* , wat dikwels die *wilstyd* genoem word. *Will* word gebruik vir dinge wat ons nou besluit om te doen. (Vinnige besluite) *Gaan na* word gebruik om te verwys na gebeure wat *voorheen beplan is.* Die struktuur van die Toekoms Eenvoudige tyd is *onderwerp + SAL + hoofwerkwoord* bv: "You will open the door." In ontkennende sinne kontrakteer ons met sal nie: *sal nie = sal nie* bv: "She won't do it." Vir vraagsinne verruil ons die onderwerp en SAL. bv: "Will you open the door?" Onthou, die modale hulptestament is onveranderlik, wat beteken *dat dit nie deur die persoon sy vorm verander nie.*

I will do it.

Ek sal dit doen.

We will see.

Ons sal sien.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Sy sal nie daar wees nie.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

opdaag

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

Hy sal laat aankom.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

betyds

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Sal jy betyds opdaag?

an umbrella

'n sambreel

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Ek sal 'n sambreel saamvat.

It will rain today.

Dit gaan vandag reën.

Will you open the window?

Sal jy die venster oopmaak?

*Ek is gewoond daaraan!* *Om gewoond te wees* beteken *om vertroud te wees met* of *daaraan gewoond te wees* . *Die struktuur* van die sin is: *onderwerp + hoofwerkwoord BE + gebruik om + beswaar te maak* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Let daarop dat as die voorwerp 'n werkwoord behels, ons die *-ing-vorm* gebruik. "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Ek is daaraan gewoond.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

vinnig

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Ek is gewoond daaraan om vinnig te eet.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

die geraas

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Ek is gewoond aan baie geraas.

to get up early

vroeg opstaan

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Hy is gewoond daaraan om vroeg op te staan.

I'm used to working late.

Ek is gewoond daaraan om laat te werk.

to watch TV

TV kyk

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

in die aand

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Hulle is gewoond daaraan om saans televisie te kyk.

a brand

’n handelsmerk

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Sy is gewoond daaraan om hierdie handelsmerk te koop.

Are you used to cold?

Is jy gewoond aan koue?

Daar is 'n verskil tussen *be used to* en *used to*. Ons gebruik *used to + infinitive* om te praat oor 'n *herhaalde aksie of toestand in die verlede* wat nie meer waar is nie.

We used to be friends.

Ons was vroeër vriende.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Ek het vroeër vroeg opgestaan.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

om te werk as

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Ek het as 'n onderwyser gewerk.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Hulle het saans televisie gekyk.

to smoke

rook

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Ek het vroeër gerook.

She used to buy this brand.

Sy het vroeër hierdie handelsmerk gekoop.

long hair

lang hare

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Hy het vroeër lang hare gehad.

*Bywoorde van frekwensie* Ons gebruik bywoorde van frekwensie om te sê *hoe gereeld ons dinge doen, of hoe gereeld dinge gebeur.* "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Hulle is gewoonlik *voor die hoofwerkwoord* , of *tussen die hulpwerkwoord en die hoofwerkwoord* . Maar hulle kom *na die werkwoord om te wees* . Ons kan sommige bywoorde van frekwensie *aan die begin of einde* van 'n sin gebruik vir beklemtoning. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

altyd

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Ek doen altyd my huiswerk.

Do you always come here?

Kom jy altyd hierheen?

usually

gewoonlik

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Hy is gewoonlik betyds.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Hulle kyk gewoonlik saans televisie.

often

gereeld

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Jy vra my gereeld vir hulp.

sometimes

somtyds

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Soms ry ons met die bus skool toe.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Rook jy soms?

never

nooit

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Ek rook nooit nie.

I never get up early.

Ek staan nooit vroeg op nie.

You always smile.

Jy glimlag altyd.

hardly ever

byna nooit

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

Hulle speel amper nooit in die winter buite nie.

*In, on of at?* *In*, *on*, en *at* is alles voorbeelde van voorsetsels wat verskeie doeleindes dien. Hulle is in staat om 'n verhouding tot beide tyd en plek te toon, afhangende van hoe jy hulle gebruik. Kom ons kyk eers na hierdie drie voorsetsels as *voorsetsels van tyd*. "In" word gewoonlik gebruik om 'n onspesifieke hoeveelheid tyd of 'n meer algemene tydperk wat nie spesifiek is nie, voor te stel. bv.: "I like to swim in the summer." "On" verwys na 'n spesifieke datum. bv.: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At" dui 'n spesifieke tyd aan. bv.: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

op Maandag

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Ek kom Maandag.

on the weekend

oor die naweek

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

op die 15de

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

op 15 April

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Sy kom op 15 April.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

in die winter

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

om te gaan ski

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Ek gaan in die winter ski.

in the morning

in die oggend

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Ek is in 1996 gebore.

in the future

in die toekoms

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Die rolprent begin om 7-uur.

Meet me at 12.

Ontmoet my om 12-uur.

at the moment

op die oomblik

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

nie op die oomblik nie

*By die huis of in die bioskoop?* "In", "on"en "at"as voorsetsels van plek: *In* verwys gewoonlik na iets wat binne 'n geslote ruimte van een of ander aard, of in 'n groter ruimte is. "in the car" "in France" "in the center" *Aan* dui gewoonlik aan dat iets bo-op iets anders geleë is, of êrens meer spesifiek in 'n groter area. "on the table" "on Main Street" *By* kan gebruik word om 'n sekere punt aan te dui. Dit is die mees spesifieke van die drie voorsetsels om 'n spesifieke plek aan te dui. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

tuis

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Is jy by die huis?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Ek bly naweek by die huis.

at the store

in die winkel

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Ons is op die oomblik by die winkel.

in the car

in die motor

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

Hy sit in die motor.

I live in Germany.

Ek woon in Duitsland.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Ontmoet my om 12-uur in die middestad.

on the table

op die tafel

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Die sleutels is op die tafel.

on the field

op die speelveld

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Hulle is op die sokkerveld.

*Verlede eenvoudige vrae* Ons kan eenvoudige vrae oor die verlede gebruik om oor die verlede te vra. Gebruik "did"en die *werkwoord* , maar *moenie die werkwoord na die verlede vorm verander nie.* Dit is omdat "did"dit reeds die verlede wys, so die hoofwerkwoord bly in sy infinitiefvorm. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Ons kan verledetydvrae maak deur *die vraagwoord + did* te gebruik. "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Het jy dit gedoen?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Wat het jy gedoen?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Het hy gebly?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Het jy gerook?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Waar het jy dit gekoop?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Het hulle betyds opgedaag?

When did they arrive?

Wanneer het hulle aangekom?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Het sy televisie gekyk?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Waar het jy gewoon?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Onbepaalde voornaamwoorde* "Something"en "anything"het dieselfde betekenis en verwys na *'n ding/lewelose voorwerp* , maar die een word in positiewe sinne en die ander in negatiewe sinne gebruik. "Something"beteken iets wat onbekend is. Dit word in *positiewe sinne gebruik.* "Anything"beteken *enige ding.* Gebruik dit in *vrae* en *ontkennende sinne.* Dit kan ook gebruik word om te beteken "I don't mind."

something

iets

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

iets om te eet

I will bring something to eat.

something else

iets anders

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Enigiets anders?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

meer as enigiets anders

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Is daar enigiets wat ek kan doen?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

mis

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Daar kort iets.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Ek sal enigiets doen.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Kom ons doen iets.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Hoe sou jy jouself beskryf?* Wat is jou sterk- en swakpunte? Kom ons leer 'n paar nuttige woorde om jou (of iemand anders) se persoonlikheid te beskryf!

She's funny.

Sy is snaaks.

easy-going

gemaklik

She is very easy-going.

friendly

vriendelik

They were friendly to me.

generous

vrygewig

She is generous with her money.

honest

eerlik

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

nukkerig

She is so moody!

lazy

lui

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

hoflik

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

sku

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

hardwerkend

The students are hard-working.

wise

wys

She seems kind and wise.

*Statiewe werkwoorde* Statiewe werkwoorde word gebruik vir aktiwiteite wat ons (of voorwerpe) nie aktief kan uitvoer nie (deur die liggaam te beweeg, ens.). *Statiewe werkwoorde verander nie hul toestande nie.* Sommige van die statiewe werkwoorde is: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Ek weet!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Ken jy hom?

Do you know him well?

to love

om lief te hê

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Sy is lief vir haar kat.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Is jy lief vir my?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

haat

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

die spinasie

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Hulle haat spinasie.

My children hate spinach.

to want

om te wil

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Wil jy koffie hê?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Ek wil gaan.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Hy lyk gaaf.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Dit lyk maklik.

This exercise seems easy.

*Ek hou daarvan om Engels te leer!* Met die werkwoord "like"is daar twee maniere om 'n werkwoord daarna te plaas. "LIKE"+ "to"+ infinitief "I like to sleep." "LIKE"+ *werkwoord* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Oor die algemeen is daar nie 'n verskil in betekenis nie, alhoewel ons soms die infinitief ( "TO "+ WERKWOORD) gebruik om oor gewoontes of keuses te praat. Die gebruik van 'n WERKWOORD+ "ING"is egter meer algemeen as die gebruik van 'n infinitief.

I like dancing.

Ek hou daarvan om te dans.

to read

om te lees

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Ek hou van lees.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Ek lees graag in die aand.

to go to the gym

om gimnasium toe te gaan

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Ek hou nie daarvan om vroeg op te staan nie.

Do you like watching TV?

Hou jy daarvan om televisie te kyk?

to wait

om te wag

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Ek hou nie daarvan om te wag nie.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Sy hou daarvan om te kook.

I like to cook Asian food.

Ek hou daarvan om Asiatiese kos te kook.

to take a selfie

om 'n selfie te neem

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Ons neem graag selfies.

I like learning English.

Ek hou daarvan om Engels te leer.

"I speak English well." "Well"is 'n bywoord. Gebruik "well"om *'n werkwoord, byvoeglike naamwoord of 'n ander bywoord te beskryf.* Kom ons leer 'n paar nuttige bywoorde!

very well

baie goed

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Sy kan goed dans.

a little

bietjie

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Ek praat 'n bietjie Spaans.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

bietjie tyd

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

ongelukkig

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

om toe te wees

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Ongelukkig is dit toe.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Ons het baie om te doen.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

die geld

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

baie geld

He made a lot of money.

*'n Belangrike A* Soms kan 'n enkele letter die betekenis heeltemal verander! "A little"beteken *sommige* , maar wanneer jy dit net sê "little"(sonder 'n *a* ), het dit 'n negatiewe betekenis. Kyk na hierdie voorbeeld: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little."(Ek het 'n bietjie geld, 'n klein bedrag.) B: "No, very little."(nie veel/amper niks) Dieselfde reël geld vir die woord "few". Ons gebruik "a little"met *enkelvoudige ontelbare selfstandige naamwoorde.* Ons gebruik "a few"met *meervoudige aftelbare selfstandige naamwoorde.*

a few friends

n paar vriende

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

min vriende

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

’n fles

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

’n paar flesse konfyt

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

bietjie room en suiker

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

bietjie ekstra tyd

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

'n keuse

You always have a choice.

few people

min mense

Few people came to the party.

to remember

om te onthou

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

n paar dinge om te onthou

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

*Nul voorwaardelik* Hierdie voorwaardelike vorm word gebruik wanneer die resultaat *altyd sal plaasvind.* Dit word gebruik vir algemene waarhede en onveranderlike feite. In nul voorwaardelike sinne *is die tyd in beide dele van die sin die teenwoordige tyd.* Hier is 'n paar voorbeelde: "If people eat too much, they get fat." "If babies are hungry, they cry." "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

If you eat too much, you get fat.

As jy te veel eet, word jy vet.

to get fat

om vet te word

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

om siek te wees

the peanuts

die grondboontjies

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

As ek grondboontjies eet, word ek siek.

to boil

kook

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

om nat te word

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

As jy ys verhit, smelt dit.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

smelt

The snow is starting to melt.

*Verlede eenvoudig van kan en kan nie* Die verlede eenvoudig van "can"is "could"sodat jy kan sê: "I could swim when I was five." Die verlede eenvoudige van "can't"is "couldn't"soos in hierdie voorbeeld: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Boonop kan u "could"en "couldn't"om beleefde versoeke te rig. Byvoorbeeld "Could you help me carry these bags?":

Could you help me?

Kan jy my help?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

om 'n sak te dra

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Ek kon dit nie doen nie.

They could speak English.

Hulle kon Engels praat.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

om te probeer

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Kan jy dit probeer?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

skaak speel

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Ek kon nie grondbone eet nie.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Kan jy vir my ’n koffie bring?

Yes, I could.

Ja, ek sou kon.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*Hoe om die voorsetsel te gebruik deur* Die woord "by"is baie algemeen in Engels. Dit kan in baie verskillende situasies en kontekste gebruik word. Hier is 'n paar voorbeelde: 1. "by"+ plek *: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by"+ vervoermetode* : "I go to work by car." 3. "by"+ kommunikasiemetode *: "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by"+ -ende werkwoord* : "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."