ለጀማሪዎች ኮርስ II (A1/A2)የእንግሊዝኛ ቃላት

by DuoCards

*እንኳን ወደ ኮርስ ለጀማሪዎች II እንኳን በደህና መጡ!* በግሶቹ እንጀምር "to do"እና "to make."እነሱ ብዙውን ጊዜ ግራ ይጋባሉ, ስለዚህ እንዴት በትክክል መጠቀም እንዳለብን እንማር. "Do"ብዙውን ጊዜ *ድርጊቱን* የሚያመለክት ሲሆን "make"በአጠቃላይ *ውጤቱን ያመለክታል.* ለምሳሌ "do homework"፣ "do the shopping"፣ ወይም "do yoga"፣ ግን እርስዎ "make lunch"፣ "make plans"፣ ወይም ይችላሉ "make friends"።

to make friends

ጓደኝነት መመሥረት

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

ቃል ኪዳን

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

ቃል መግባት

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

በሳምንት አንድ ጊዜ

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

ፀጉሬን እየሰራሁ ነው።

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

የሃሳብ አስተያየት

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

ሐሳብ ማቅረብ

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

ቀልድ ተናገረ።

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

አልጋዬን አነጥፋለሁ።

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

ጥሩ ሰርተሃል።

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

ዕቅድ ማውጣት

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

ለነገ እቅድ እናውጣ።

*ውጥረት ይኖረዋል* ወደፊት ስለሚመጣው ጊዜ ተምረሃል። አሁን *የፉቱርን ቀላል ጊዜ* እንይ , ብዙውን ጊዜ *የፍላጎት ጊዜ* ተብሎ ይጠራል. ኑዛዜ አሁን ለማድረግ ለወሰንናቸው ነገሮች ጥቅም ላይ *ይውላል* ። (ፈጣን ውሳኔዎች) *መሄድ* *ቀደም ሲል የታቀዱ ክስተቶችን ለማመልከት ይጠቅማል.* የወደፊቱ አወቃቀር ቀላል ጊዜ ርዕሰ *ጉዳይ + ፈቃድ + ዋና ግስ* ነው። ለምሳሌ፡- "You will open the door." በአሉታዊ ዓረፍተ-ነገሮች ውስጥ፣ ከንብረትነት ጋር ውል እናደርጋለን *፡ አይሆንም = አይሆንም* ለምሳሌ፡- "She won't do it." ለጥያቄ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች፣ ርዕሰ ጉዳዩን እና ፈቃድን እንለዋወጣለን። ለምሳሌ፡- "Will you open the door?" ያስታውሱ፣ የሞዳል ረዳት ኑዛዜ የማይለዋወጥ ነው፣ ይህ ማለት *በሰውየው ቅርፁን አይለውጥም ማለት ነው።*

I will do it.

አደርገዋለሁ።

We will see.

እናየዋለን።

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

እሷ እዚያ አትገኝም።

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

መድረስ

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

ዘግይቶ ይደርሳል።

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

በሰዓቱ

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

በሰዓቱ ትመጣለህ?

an umbrella

ጃንጥላ

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

ጃንጥላ እይዛለሁ።

It will rain today.

ዛሬ ዝናብ ይዘንባል።

Will you open the window?

መስኮቱን ትከፍተዋለህ?

*ለምጄዋለሁ!* *ጥቅም ላይ መዋል* ማለት *መተዋወቅ* ወይም *መለማመድ ማለት ነው* ። የዓረፍተ ነገሩ *አወቃቀሩ* *፡ ርዕሰ ጉዳይ + ዋና ግሥ BE + ለነገር + ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" ነገሩ ግስን የሚያካትት ከሆነ እኛ የምንጠቀመው *-ing ቅጽ* . "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

ለምጄዋለሁ።

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

ፈጣን

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

በፍጥነት መብላት ለምጃለሁ።

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

ጩኸቱ

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

ለከፍተኛ ጫጫታ ተለማምጄዋለሁ።

to get up early

በጠዋት መነሳት

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

ማለዳ መነሳት ለምዶታል።

I'm used to working late.

ዘግይቶ መስራት ለምዶብኛል።

to watch TV

ቴሌቪዥን ማየት

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

ምሽት ላይ

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

ምሽት ላይ ቴሌቪዥን ማየት ለምደዋል።

a brand

ብራንድ

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

ይህን ብራንድ መግዛት ለምዳለች።

Are you used to cold?

ብርድ ለምደሃል?

*'ለመለመዱ' 'ለመለመደው' አይደለም* *በመለመዱ* እና *በመለመዱ* መካከል ልዩነት አለ። *ያለፈውን ተደጋጋሚ ድርጊት ወይም ሁኔታ ከአሁን* በኋላ እውነት ስለሌለው *ለማውራት + ማለቂያ የሌለውን* እንጠቀማለን። "I used to come here as a child." "Did you use to come here as a child?" "She used to eat meat, but now she's a vegetarian."

We used to be friends.

ጓደኛሞች ነበርን።

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

ማልጄ እነሳ ነበር።

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

እንደ ... ሆኖ መስራት

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

አስተማሪ ሆኜ እሰራ ነበር።

They used to watch TV in the evening.

ምሽት ላይ ቴሌቪዥን ያዩ ነበር።

to smoke

ማጨስ

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

ቀደም ሲል አጨስ ነበር።

She used to buy this brand.

ይህን ብራንድ ትገዛ ነበር።

long hair

ረጅም ፀጉር

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

ረጅም ፀጉር ነበረው።

*ተደጋጋሚነት ተዉላጠ* *ነገሮችን በምን ያህል ጊዜ እንደምናደርግ ወይም በምን ያህል ጊዜ ነገሮች እንደሚፈጠሩ ለመናገር የድግግሞሽ ተውሳኮችን እንጠቀማለን።* "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" እነሱ ብዙውን ጊዜ *ከዋናው ግስ በፊት* ወይም *በረዳት እና በዋናው ግሥ መካከል* ናቸው። ነገር ግን *መሆን ከሚለው ግሥ በኋላ* ይመጣሉ። ለአጽንዖት ሲባል አንዳንድ የድግግሞሽ ተውሳኮችን በአረፍተ ነገር *መጀመሪያ ወይም መጨረሻ ላይ* ልንጠቀም እንችላለን። "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

ሁልጊዜ

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

ሁልጊዜ የቤት ሥራዬን እሠራለሁ።

Do you always come here?

ሁልጊዜ እዚህ ትመጣለህ?

usually

ብዙውን ጊዜ

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

እሱ አብዛኛውን ጊዜ በሰዓቱ ይገኛል።

They usually watch TV in the evening.

ብዙውን ጊዜ ምሽት ላይ ቴሌቪዥን ያያሉ።

often

ብዙ ጊዜ

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

ብዙ ጊዜ እርዳታ ትጠይቀኛለህ።

sometimes

አንዳንዴ

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

አንዳንድ ጊዜ ወደ ትምህርት ቤት በአውቶቡስ እንሄዳለን።

Do you sometimes smoke?

አንዳንድ ጊዜ ሲጋራ ያጨሳሉ?

never

በፍጹም

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

እኔ በፍጹም አላጨስም።

I never get up early.

እኔ መቼም ቢሆን በማለዳ አልነሳም።

You always smile.

ሁልጊዜ ፈገግ ትላለህ።

hardly ever

በጣም አልፎ አልፎ

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

በክረምት ወቅት ከቤት ውጭ ብዙም አይጫወቱም።

*ውስጥ፣ ላይ ወይስ ላይ?* *ውስጥ* ፣ *ላይ* ፣ እና *ላይ* ብዙ ዓላማዎችን የሚያገለግሉ የቅድመ አቀማመጦች ምሳሌዎች አሉ። እርስዎ በሚጠቀሙበት መንገድ ላይ በመመስረት ከሁለቱም ጊዜ እና ቦታ ጋር ግንኙነትን ማሳየት ይችላሉ። በመጀመሪያ እነዚህን ሦስት ቅድመ-አቀማመጦች እንደ *የጊዜ ቅድመ-አቀማመጦች* እንይ። "In"ብዙውን ጊዜ የተወሰነ ያልሆነ የጊዜ መጠን ወይም የተለየ ያልሆነ አጠቃላይ ጊዜን ለመወከል ይጠቅማል። ለምሳሌ፡- "I like to swim in the summer." "On"የተወሰነ ቀንን ያመለክታል. ለምሳሌ፡- "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At"የተወሰነ ጊዜን ያመለክታል. ለምሳሌ "The movie starts at 7."፡

on Monday

ሰኞ ቀን

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

ሰኞ እመጣለሁ።

on the weekend

በሳምንቱ መጨረሻ

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

በ15ኛው ቀን

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

ሚያዝያ 15 ቀን

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

ሚያዝያ 15 ትመጣለች።

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

በክረምት

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

በረዶ ላይ ለመንሸራተት መሄድ

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

በክረምት ወቅት ስኪንግ እሄዳለሁ።

in the morning

ጠዋት

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

በ1996 ዓ.ም. ነው የተወለድኩት።

in the future

ወደፊት

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

ፊልሙ በ1 ሰዓት ይጀምራል።

Meet me at 12.

በ6 ሰዓት እንገናኝ።

at the moment

በአሁኑ ሰዓት

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

ለጊዜው አይሆንም

*ቤት ወይም ሲኒማ ውስጥ?* "In""on"እና "at"እንደ የቦታ ቅድመ-አቀማመጦች፡- *ውስጥ* ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚያመለክተው በአንድ ዓይነት የተዘጋ ቦታ ውስጥ ወይም በትልቁ ቦታ ውስጥ ያለ ነገር ነው። "in the car" "in France" "in the center" *በ ላይ* ብዙውን ጊዜ የሚያመለክተው የሆነ ነገር በሌላ ነገር ላይ ወይም በትልቅ ቦታ ላይ የበለጠ የተለየ ቦታ ላይ እንደሚገኝ ነው። "on the table" "on Main Street" *በ ላይ* የተወሰነ ነጥብ ለማሳየት ሊያገለግል ይችላል። የተወሰነ ቦታን ለማመልከት ከሦስቱ ቅድመ-ዝንባሌዎች በጣም ልዩ ነው። "at the library" "at the store"

at home

በቤት ውስጥ

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

ቤት ነህ?

I stay at home on the weekend.

በሳምንቱ መጨረሻ ቤት እቆያለሁ።

at the store

በሱቅ ውስጥ

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

አሁን ሱቅ ውስጥ ነን።

in the car

በመኪና ውስጥ

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

መኪና ውስጥ ተቀምጧል።

I live in Germany.

ጀርመን እኖራለሁ።

Meet me at 12 in the center

በ6 ሰዓት መሃል ከተማ እንገናኝ።

on the table

በጠረጴዛው ላይ

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

ቁልፎቹ ጠረጴዛው ላይ ናቸው።

on the field

በሜዳው ላይ

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

እነሱ የእግር ኳስ ሜዳ ላይ ናቸው።

*ያለፈው ቀላል - ጥያቄዎች* ስላለፈው ነገር ለመጠየቅ ያለፉ ቀላል ጥያቄዎችን መጠቀም እንችላለን። ተጠቀም "did"እና *ግሡ* , ግን *ግሡን ወደ ያለፈው ቅፅ አትለውጠው.* ይህ የሆነበት ምክንያት "did"ያለፈውን ቀድሞውኑ ስለሚያሳይ ነው, ስለዚህ ዋናው ግስ ማለቂያ በሌለው መልኩ ይቆያል. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" *+ አደረገ የሚለውን የጥያቄ ቃል* በመጠቀም ያለፉ ጥያቄዎችን ማቅረብ እንችላለን። "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

አደረግከው?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

ምን አደረግክ?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

ቆየ?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

አጭሰሃል?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

ከየት ነው የገዛኸው?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

በሰዓቱ ደረሱ?

When did they arrive?

መቼ ደረሱ?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

ቴሌቪዥን አይታ ነበር?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

የት ነበር የሚኖሩት?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*ያልተወሰነ ተውላጠ ስም* "Something"እና "anything"ተመሳሳይ ትርጉም አለው እና *አንዳንድ ነገር/ ግዑዝ ነገርን* ያመለክታሉ፣ ነገር ግን አንዱ በአዎንታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገር እና ሌላው በአሉታዊ መልኩ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል። "Something"የማይታወቅ ነገር ማለት ነው። *በአዎንታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል.* "Anything"ማለት *ማንኛውም አይነት ነገር ማለት ነው።* *በጥያቄዎች* እና *በአሉታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች ውስጥ ይጠቀሙበት.* ለማመልከትም ሊያገለግል ይችላል "I don't mind."።

something

አንድ ነገር

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

የሚበላ ነገር

I will bring something to eat.

something else

ሌላ ነገር

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

ሌላ የሚጨመር ነገር አለ?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

ከምንም ነገር በላይ

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

እኔ ላደርገው የምችለው ነገር አለ?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

መናፈቅ

I miss you.

Something is missing.

የጎደለ ነገር አለ።

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

ማንኛውንም ነገር አደርጋለሁ።

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

አንድ ነገር እናድርግ።

Let's do something this weekend!

*እራስህን እንዴት ትገልጸዋለህ?* ጥንካሬዎ እና ድክመቶችዎ ምንድናቸው? የእርስዎን (ወይም የሌላ ሰውን) ማንነት ለመግለጽ አንዳንድ ጠቃሚ ቃላትን እንማር!

She's funny.

አስቂኝ ናት።

easy-going

ዘና ያለ

She is very easy-going.

friendly

ተስማሚ

They were friendly to me.

generous

ለጋስ

She is generous with her money.

honest

ታማኝ

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

ባህሪው ቶሎ ቶሎ የሚቀያየር

She is so moody!

lazy

ሰነፍ

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

ትህትና ያለው

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

አይነ አፋር

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

ትጉህ

The students are hard-working.

wise

ብልህ

She seems kind and wise.

*ቋሚ ግሦች* እኛ (ወይም ነገሮች) በንቃት ልናከናውናቸው የማንችላቸው ተግባራት (ሰውነትን በማንቀሳቀስ ወዘተ) ስታቲቭ ግሶች ጥቅም ላይ ይውላሉ። *ስቴቲቭ ግሦች ግዛታቸውን አይለውጡም።* አንዳንድ ቋሚ ግሦች፡,,,,,,,, "know""like""seem""love""have""want""see"

I know!

አውቃለሁ!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

ታውቀዋለህ?

Do you know him well?

to love

መውደድ

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

ድመቷን ትወዳታለች።

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

ትወደኛለህ?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

መጥላት

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

ስፒናቹ

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

ስፒናች ይጠላሉ።

My children hate spinach.

to want

መፈለግ

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

ቡና ትፈልጋለህ?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

መሄድ እፈልጋለሁ።

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

ደግ ይመስላል።

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

ቀላል ይመስላል።

This exercise seems easy.

*እንግሊዝኛ መማር እወዳለሁ!* ከግሱ ጋር "like"አንድን ግስ ከሱ በኋላ ለማስቀመጥ ሁለት መንገዶች አሉ። "LIKE""to"++ ማለቂያ የሌለው "I like to sleep." "LIKE"+ *ግሥ* + "ing" "I like sleeping." በጥቅሉ የትርጉም ልዩነት የለም፣ ምንም እንኳን አንዳንድ ጊዜ "TO "ስለ ልማዶች ወይም ምርጫዎች ለመነጋገር ወሰን የሌለውን (+ ግሥ) ብንጠቀምም። ነገር ግን፣ ግሥ+ መጠቀም "ING"ኢ-መጨረሻ ከመጠቀም የበለጠ የተለመደ ነው።

I like dancing.

መደነስ እወዳለሁ።

to read

ማንበብ

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

ማንበብ እወዳለሁ።

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

ማታ ማታ ማንበብ እወዳለሁ።

to go to the gym

ወደ ጂም መሄድ

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

ማለዳ መነሳት አልወድም።

Do you like watching TV?

ቴሌቪዥን ማየት ይወዳሉ?

to wait

መጠበቅ

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

መጠበቅ አልወድም።

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

ምግብ ማብሰል ትወዳለች።

I like to cook Asian food.

የእስያ ምግቦችን ማብሰል እወዳለሁ።

to take a selfie

ራስ-ፎቶ ማንሳት

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

ሴልፊ መነሳት እንወዳለን።

I like learning English.

እንግሊዝኛ መማር እወዳለሁ።

"I speak English well." "Well"ተውላጠ ስም ነው። "well"*ግስ፣ ቅጽል ወይም ሌላ ተውላጠ ስም ለመግለጽ ተጠቀም።* አንዳንድ ጠቃሚ ተውሳኮችን እንማር!

very well

በጣም ጥሩ

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

በደንብ መደነስ ትችላለች።

a little

ትንሽ

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

ትንሽ ስፓኒሽ እናገራለሁ።

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

ጥቂት ጊዜ

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

እንደ አለመታደል ሆኖ

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

መዘጋት

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

በሚያሳዝን ሁኔታ ተዘግቷል።

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

የምንሠራው ብዙ ሥራ አለብን።

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

ገንዘቡ

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

ብዙ ገንዘብ

He made a lot of money.

*አስፈላጊ ኤ* አንዳንድ ጊዜ አንድ ነጠላ ፊደል ትርጉሙን ሙሉ በሙሉ ሊለውጠው ይችላል! "A little"*አንዳንድ* ማለት ነው ነገር ግን ዝም ብለህ "little"(ያለ *ሀ* ) ስትል አሉታዊ ትርጉም አለው። ይህን ምሳሌ ተመልከት፡- "Have you got any money?" መ: "Yes, a little."(ገንዘብ አለኝ ፣ ትንሽ መጠን።) ለ "No, very little."፡ (ብዙ/ምንም ማለት ይቻላል) ለቃሉ ተመሳሳይ ህግ ነው "few". "a little"*በነጠላ የማይቆጠሩ ስሞች እንጠቀማለን።* "a few"*በብዙ ቁጥር ሊቆጠሩ ከሚችሉ ስሞች ጋር እንጠቀማለን።*

a few friends

ጥቂት ጓደኞች

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

ጥቂት ጓደኞች

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

ጠርሙስ

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

ጥቂት የጃም ማሰሮዎች

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

ትንሽ ክሬም እና ስኳር

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

ጥቂት ተጨማሪ ጊዜ

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

ምርጫ

You always have a choice.

few people

ጥቂት ሰዎች

Few people came to the party.

to remember

ማስታወስ

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

ልብ ሊባሉ የሚገቡ ጥቂት ነገሮች

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

*ዜሮ ሁኔታዊ* ይህ ሁኔታዊ ጥቅም ላይ የሚውለው ውጤቱ *ሁልጊዜ በሚከሰትበት ጊዜ ነው።* ለአጠቃላይ እውነቶች እና ላልተቀየሩ እውነታዎች ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል። በዜሮ ሁኔታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች ውስጥ፣ *በሁለቱም የዓረፍተ ነገሩ ክፍሎች ውስጥ ያለው ጊዜ ቀላል የአሁኑ ነው።* አንዳንድ ምሳሌዎች እነሆ፡- "If people eat too much, they get fat." "If babies are hungry, they cry." "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

If you eat too much, you get fat.

ከመጠን በላይ ከበላህ ትወፍራለህ።

to get fat

መወፈር

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

መታመም

the peanuts

ለውዙ

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

ለውዝ ስበላ ይታመመኛል።

to boil

መፍላት

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

መራስ

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

በረዶን ካሞቁት ይቀልጣል።

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

መቅለጥ

The snow is starting to melt.

*ያለፈው ቀላል እና አይቻልም* ያለፈው ቀላል ነገር "can""could"እርስዎ እንዲህ ማለት ይችላሉ- "I could swim when I was five." ያለፈው ቀላል "can't""couldn't"በዚህ ምሳሌ ውስጥ እንደዚህ* ነው- "couldn't""I couldn’t sing as a child." በተጨማሪም፣ "could""couldn't"ትሁት ጥያቄዎችን መጠቀም እና ማቅረብ ይችላሉ። ለምሳሌ "Could you help me carry these bags?"፡

Could you help me?

ሊረዱኝ ይችላሉ?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

ቦርሳ መያዝ

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

ልናደርገው አልቻልኩም።

They could speak English.

እንግሊዝኛ መናገር ይችላሉ ነበር።

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

መሞከር

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

ልትሞክረው ትችላለህ?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

ቼዝ መጫወት

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

ለውዝ መብላት አልቻልኩም ነበር።

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

ቡና ልታመጣልኝ ትችላለህ?

Yes, I could.

አዎ፣ እችል ነበር።

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*ቅድመ-ሁኔታውን እንዴት መጠቀም እንደሚቻል* ቃሉ "by"በእንግሊዝኛ በጣም የተለመደ ነው። በተለያዩ ሁኔታዎች እና ሁኔታዎች ውስጥ ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል ይችላል. አንዳንድ ምሳሌዎች እነሆ፡- 1. "by"+ ቦታ *: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by"+ የመጓጓዣ ዘዴ* ; "I go to work by car." 3. "by"የመገናኛ ዘዴ *; "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by"+ -የሚሆን ግስ* "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."::