Kurs za početnike II (A1/A2)Engleske riječi

by DuoCards

*Dobrodošli na Kurs za početnike II!* Počnimo s glagolima "to do", a "to make."oni se često brkaju, pa naučimo kako ih pravilno koristiti. "Do"obično se odnosi na *radnju* , dok "make"se generalno odnosi na *rezultat.* Možete na primjer "do homework", "do the shopping", ili "do yoga", ali vi "make lunch", "make plans", ili "make friends".

to make friends

sklopiti prijateljstva

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

obećanje

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

dati obećanje

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

jednom sedmično

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Pravim frizuru.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

prijedlog

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

dati prijedlog

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Našalio se.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Namještam svoj krevet.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Dobro si to uradio.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

praviti planove

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Hajde da napravimo planove za sutra.

*Will napet* Već ste naučili buduće vrijeme GOING TO. Pogledajmo sada *Futur Simple vrijeme* , koje se često naziva i *vrijeme volje* . *Volja* se koristi za stvari koje sada odlučimo. (Brze odluke) *Odlazak na* se koristi za označavanje događaja koji su *prethodno planirani.* Struktura Future Simple vremena je *subjekat + VOLJA + glavni glagol* npr.: "You will open the door." U negativnim rečenicama ugovorujemo sa neće: *neće = neće* npr.: "She won't do it." Za upitne rečenice mijenjamo subjekt i WILL. npr.: "Will you open the door?" Zapamtite, modalna pomoćna volja je nepromjenjiva, što znači *da osoba ne mijenja svoj oblik.*

I will do it.

Uradiću to.

We will see.

Vidjet ćemo.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Ona neće biti tamo.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

stići

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

On će zakasniti.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

na vrijeme

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Hoćeš li stići na vrijeme?

an umbrella

kišobran

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Ponijet ću kišobran.

It will rain today.

Danas će padati kiša.

Will you open the window?

Hoćeš li otvoriti prozor?

*Navikla sam na to!* *Biti naviknut* znači *biti upoznat* ili *biti naviknut* . *Struktura* rečenice je: *subjekat + glavni glagol BE + used to + objekat* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Imajte na umu da ako objekat uključuje glagol, koristimo *oblik -ing* . "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Navikao sam na to.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

brzo

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Navikao sam da jedem brzo.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

buka

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Navikao sam na veliku buku.

to get up early

ustati rano

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Navikao je rano ustajati.

I'm used to working late.

Navikao sam raditi do kasno.

to watch TV

gledati televiziju

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

navečer

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Navikli su gledati televiziju navečer.

a brand

brend

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Navikla je kupovati ovu marku.

Are you used to cold?

Jeste li navikli na hladnoću?

Postoji razlika između *be used to* i *used to*. Koristimo *used to + infinitive* da bismo govorili o *ponovljenoj radnji ili stanju u prošlosti* koje više nije istinito.

We used to be friends.

Nekada smo bili prijatelji.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Rano sam ustajao.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

raditi kao

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Radio sam kao učitelj.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Gledali su televiziju navečer.

to smoke

pušiti

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Ranije sam pušio.

She used to buy this brand.

Kupovala je ovu marku.

long hair

duga kosa

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Nekada je imao dugu kosu.

*Prilozi frekvencije* Koristimo priloge učestalosti da kažemo *koliko često radimo stvari ili koliko često se stvari dešavaju.* "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Obično su *ispred glavnog glagola* , ili *između pomoćnog i glavnog glagola* . Ali dolaze *iza glagola biti* . Za naglasak možemo koristiti neke priloge učestalosti *na početku ili na kraju* rečenice. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

uvijek

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Uvijek radim svoju zadaću.

Do you always come here?

Dolazite li uvijek ovdje?

usually

obično

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Obično dolazi na vrijeme.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Obično gledaju televiziju navečer.

often

često

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Često me tražiš za pomoć.

sometimes

ponekad

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Ponekad idemo u školu autobusom.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Pušite li ponekad?

never

nikada

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Nikada ne pušim.

I never get up early.

Nikada ne ustajem rano.

You always smile.

Uvijek se smiješ.

hardly ever

rijetko kad

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

Zimi se skoro nikada ne igraju vani.

*U, na ili kod?* *U* , *na* i *kod* su primjeri prijedloga koji služe više svrha. Oni mogu pokazati odnos i prema vremenu i prema mjestu, ovisno o tome kako ih koristite. Prvo, pogledajmo ova tri prijedloga kao *prijedloge vremena* . "In"obično se koristi za predstavljanje neodređenog vremenskog perioda ili opštijeg vremenskog perioda koji nije specifičan. npr.: "I like to swim in the summer." "On"odnosi se na određeni datum. npr.: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At"označava određeno vrijeme. npr.: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

u ponedjeljak

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Doći ću u ponedjeljak.

on the weekend

za vikend

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

petnaestog

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

15. aprila

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Dolazi petnaestog aprila.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

zimi

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

ići na skijanje

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Zimi idem na skijanje.

in the morning

ujutro

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Rođen sam 1996. godine.

in the future

u budućnosti

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Film počinje u 7.

Meet me at 12.

Nađimo se u 12.

at the moment

trenutno

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

ne u ovom trenutku

*Kod kuće ili u kinu?* "In", "on" i "at" kao prijedlozi za mjesto: *In* se obično odnosi na nešto što se nalazi unutar zatvorenog prostora neke vrste, ili u većem prostoru. "in the car" "in France" "in the center" *On* obično označava da se nešto nalazi na vrhu nečega drugog, ili negdje specifičnije u većem području. "on the table" "on Main Street" *At* se može koristiti za pokazivanje određene tačke. To je najprecizniji od tri prijedloga za označavanje specifičnog mjesta. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

kod kuće

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Jesi li kod kuće?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Vikendom ostajem kod kuće.

at the store

u prodavnici

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Trenutno smo u prodavnici.

in the car

u autu

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

On sjedi u autu.

I live in Germany.

Živim u Njemačkoj.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Nađimo se u 12 u centru.

on the table

na stolu

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Ključevi su na stolu.

on the field

na terenu

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Oni su na fudbalskom terenu.

*Prošli jednostavni period – pitanja* Možemo koristiti pitanja u prošlom jednostavnom vremenu (pass simple) da bismo pitali o prošlosti. Koristimo "did"i *glagol* , ali *nemojte mijenjati glagol u prošlo vrijeme.* To je zato što "did"već označava prošlost, tako da glavni glagol ostaje u svom infinitivnom obliku. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Pitanja u prošlom vremenu možemo formirati korištenjem *upitne riječi + did (did)* . "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Jesi li to uradio?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Šta si uradio?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Je li ostao?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Jesi li pušio?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Gdje si to kupio?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Jesu li stigli na vrijeme?

When did they arrive?

Kada su stigli?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Da li je gledala televiziju?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Gdje ste živjeli?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Neodređene zamjenice* "Something"i "anything"ima isto značenje i odnosi se na *neku stvar/neživi predmet* , ali se jedno koristi u pozitivnim rečenicama, a drugo u negativnim. "Something"znači nešto što je nepoznato. Koristi se u *pozitivnim rečenicama.* "Anything"znači nešto *bilo koje vrste.* Koristite ga u *upitnim* i *negativnim rečenicama.* Može se koristiti i u značenju "I don't mind."..

something

nešto

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

nešto za jelo

I will bring something to eat.

something else

nešto drugo

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Još nešto?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

više od bilo čega

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Mogu li ja nešto učiniti?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

nedostajati

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Nešto nedostaje.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Uradiću bilo šta.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Hajde da uradimo nešto.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Kako biste opisali sebe?* Koje su vaše prednosti i mane? Hajde da naučimo neke korisne riječi kojima bismo opisali svoju (ili nečiju) ličnost!

She's funny.

Ona je smiješna.

easy-going

opušten

She is very easy-going.

friendly

prijateljski

They were friendly to me.

generous

velikodušan

She is generous with her money.

honest

pošten

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

ćudljiv

She is so moody!

lazy

lijen

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

ljubazan

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

stidljiv

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

vrijedan

The students are hard-working.

wise

mudar

She seems kind and wise.

*Stativni glagoli* Stativni glagoli se koriste za aktivnosti koje mi (ili objekti) ne možemo aktivno obavljati (pomicanjem tijela, itd.). *Stativni glagoli ne mijenjaju svoja stanja.* Neki od stativnih glagola su: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Znam!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Poznaješ li ga?

Do you know him well?

to love

voljeti

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Ona voli svoju mačku.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Voliš li me?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

mrziti

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

špinat

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Oni mrze špinat.

My children hate spinach.

to want

željeti

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Želite li kafu?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Želim ići.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Djeluje ljubazno.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Čini se lagano.

This exercise seems easy.

*Volim učiti engleski!* Kod glagola "like"postoje dva načina da se glagol stavi poslije njega. "LIKE"+ "to"+ infinitiv "I like to sleep." "LIKE"+ *glagol* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Općenito, nema razlike u značenju, iako ponekad koristimo infinitiv ( "TO "+ GLAGOL) kada govorimo o navikama ili izborima. Međutim, korištenje GLAGOL+ "ING"je češće od korištenja infinitiva.

I like dancing.

Volim plesati.

to read

čitati

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Volim čitati.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Volim čitati navečer.

to go to the gym

ići u teretanu

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Ne volim rano ustajati.

Do you like watching TV?

Volite li gledati televiziju?

to wait

čekati

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Ne volim čekati.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Ona voli kuhati.

I like to cook Asian food.

Volim kuhati azijsku hranu.

to take a selfie

napraviti selfie

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Volimo praviti selfije.

I like learning English.

Volim učiti engleski.

"I speak English well." "Well"je prilog. Koristi se "well"za *opisivanje glagola, pridjeva ili drugog priloga.* Naučimo neke korisne priloge!

very well

vrlo dobro

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Ona dobro pleše.

a little

malo

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Govorim malo španski.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

malo vremena

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

nažalost

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

biti zatvoren

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Nažalost, zatvoreno je.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Imamo puno posla.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

novac

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

puno novca

He made a lot of money.

*Važno A* Ponekad, jedno slovo može potpuno promijeniti značenje! "A little" znači *nešto*, ali kada samo kažete "little" (bez *a*), ima negativno značenje. Pogledajte ovaj primjer: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little." (Imam nešto novca, malu količinu.) B: "No, very little." (ne mnogo/skoro ništa) Isto pravilo važi za riječ "few". Koristimo "a little" sa *imenicama u jednini koje se ne mogu brojati.* Koristimo "a few" sa *imenicama u množini koje se mogu brojati.*

a few friends

nekoliko prijatelja

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

malo prijatelja

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

tegla

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

nekoliko tegli džema

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

malo vrhnja i šećera

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

malo dodatnog vremena

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

izbor

You always have a choice.

few people

malo ljudi

Few people came to the party.

to remember

zapamtiti

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

nekoliko stvari koje treba zapamtiti

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

*Nula uvjetna* Ovaj kondicional se koristi kada *će se rezultat uvijek dogoditi.* Koristi se za opće istine i nepromjenjive činjenice. U rečenicama s nultom kondicionalnom sposobnošću, vrijeme u *oba dijela rečenice je prosto sadašnje vrijeme.* Evo nekoliko primjera: "If people eat too much, they get fat." "If babies are hungry, they cry." "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Ako previše jedeš, udebljaćeš se.

to get fat

udebebljati se

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

biti bolestan

the peanuts

kikiriki

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Kada jedem kikiriki, bude mi loše.

to boil

kuhati

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

pokisnuti

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Ako zagrijete led, on se topi.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

otopiti se

The snow is starting to melt.

*Past simple od može i ne može* Past simple of "can"je "could"tako da možete reći: "I could swim when I was five." Past simple of "can't"je "couldn't"kao u ovom primjeru: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Osim toga, možete koristiti "could"i "couldn't"za ljubazne zahtjeve. Na primjer: "Could you help me carry these bags?"

Could you help me?

Možete li mi pomoći?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

nositi torbu

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Nisam to mogao uraditi.

They could speak English.

Znali su govoriti engleski.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

pokušati

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Možete li pokušati?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

igrati šah

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Nisam mogao jesti kikiriki.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Možete li mi donijeti kafu?

Yes, I could.

Da, mogao bih.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*Kako koristiti prijedlog od strane* Riječ "by"je vrlo česta u engleskom jeziku. Može se koristiti u mnogo različitih situacija i konteksta. Evo nekoliko primjera: 1. "by"+ mjesto *: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by"+ način transporta* : "I go to work by car." 3. "by"+ način komunikacije *: "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by"Glagol koji se završava na -ing* : "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."