Curs per a principiants II (A1/A2)Paraules en anglès

by DuoCards

*Benvinguts al Curs per a Principiants II!* Comencem amb els verbs "to do"i "to make."sovint es confonen, així que aprenguem a utilitzar-los correctament. "Do"normalment es refereix a l' *acció* , mentre que "make"generalment es refereix al *resultat.* Pots, per exemple "do homework", , "do the shopping", o "do yoga", però tu "make lunch", "make plans", o "make friends".

to make friends

fer amics

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

una promesa

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

fer una promesa

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

un cop a la setmana

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Em pentino.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

un suggeriment

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

fer un suggeriment

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Va fer una broma.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Faig el llit.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Ho has fet bé.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

fer plans

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Fem plans per demà.

*Es tensarà* Ja has après el temps futur GOING TO. Ara donem un cop d'ull al *temps Futur Simple* , sovint anomenat *temps de voluntat* . *La voluntat* s'utilitza per a coses que decidim fer ara. (Decisions ràpides) *Going to* s'utilitza per referir-se a esdeveniments que s'han *planificat prèviament.* L'estructura del temps futur simple és *subjecte + WILL + verb principal* per exemple: "You will open the door." En oracions negatives, contractem amb won't: *will not = won't* per exemple: "She won't do it." Per a oracions interrogatives, intercanviem el subjecte i WILL. per exemple: "Will you open the door?" Recordeu que la voluntat auxiliar modal és invariable, la qual cosa significa *que no canvia la seva forma per part de la persona.*

I will do it.

Ho faré.

We will see.

Ja veurem.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Ella no hi serà.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

arribar

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

Arribarà tard.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

a temps

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Arribaràs a temps?

an umbrella

un paraigua

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Agafaré un paraigua.

It will rain today.

Avui plourà.

Will you open the window?

Obriràs la finestra?

*Hi estic acostumat!* *Estar acostumat a* significa *estar familiaritzat* o *acostumat* . *L'estructura* de l'oració és: *subjecte + verb principal BE + used to + objecte* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Tingueu en compte que si l'objecte implica un verb, utilitzem la *forma -ing* . "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Hi estic acostumat.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

ràpid

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Estic acostumat a menjar ràpid.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

el soroll

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Estic acostumat a molt soroll.

to get up early

matinar

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Està acostumat a llevar-se d'hora.

I'm used to working late.

Estic acostumat a treballar fins tard.

to watch TV

mirar la televisió

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

al vespre

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Estan acostumats a mirar la televisió al vespre.

a brand

una marca

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Està acostumada a comprar aquesta marca.

Are you used to cold?

Estàs acostumat al fred?

Hi ha una diferència entre *be used to* i *used to*. Utilitzem *used to + infinitive* per parlar d'una *acció o estat repetit en el passat* que ja no és cert.

We used to be friends.

Érem amics.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

M'aixecava d'hora.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

treballar com a

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Vaig treballar de mestre.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Miraven la televisió al vespre.

to smoke

fumar

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Abans fumava.

She used to buy this brand.

Ella acostumava a comprar aquesta marca.

long hair

pèl llarg

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Abans tenia els cabells llargs.

*Adverbis de freqüència* Utilitzem adverbis de freqüència per dir *amb quina freqüència fem les coses, o amb quina freqüència passen les coses.* "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Normalment es troben *abans del verb principal* , o *entre l'auxiliar i el verb principal* . Però vénen *després del verb ser* . Podem utilitzar alguns adverbis de freqüència *al començament o al final* d'una frase per emfatitzar. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

sempre

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Sempre faig els deures.

Do you always come here?

Vens sempre aquí?

usually

habitualment

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Normalment és puntual.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Normalment miren la televisió al vespre.

often

sovint

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Sovint em demanes ajuda.

sometimes

de vegades

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

De vegades anem a l'escola amb autobús.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Fumes de vegades?

never

mai

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

No fum mai.

I never get up early.

Mai no m'aixeco d'hora.

You always smile.

Sempre somrius.

hardly ever

gairebé mai

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

A l'hivern gairebé no juguen mai a fora.

*Dins, el o a?* *In* , *on* i *at* són exemples de preposicions que serveixen per a múltiples finalitats. Són capaces de mostrar una relació tant amb el temps com amb el lloc, depenent de com les utilitzeu. Primer, vegem aquestes tres preposicions com a *preposicions de temps* . "In"s'utilitza normalment per representar una quantitat de temps inespecífica o un període de temps més general que no és específic. p. ex.: "I like to swim in the summer." "On"fa referència a una data específica. p. ex.: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At"indica un temps concret. p. ex.: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

dilluns

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

vindré dilluns

on the weekend

durant el cap de setmana

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

el dia 15

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

el 15 d'abril

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Ella ve el 15 d'abril.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

a l'hivern

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

anar a esquiar

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

A l'hivern vaig a esquiar.

in the morning

al matí

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Vaig néixer el 1996.

in the future

en el futur

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

La pel·lícula comença a les 7.

Meet me at 12.

Troba'm a les 12.

at the moment

en aquest moment

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

de moment no

A casa o al cinema? "In", "on" i "at" com a preposicions de lloc: *In* normalment es refereix a alguna cosa que està dins d'un espai tancat d'algun tipus, o en un espai més gran. "in the car" "in France" "in the center" *On* normalment indica que alguna cosa està situada a sobre d'una altra cosa, o en algun lloc més específic dins d'una àrea més gran. "on the table" "on Main Street" *At* es pot utilitzar per mostrar un punt concret. És la més específica de les tres preposicions per indicar un lloc específic. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

a casa

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Ets a casa?

I stay at home on the weekend.

El cap de setmana em quedo a casa.

at the store

a la botiga

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Som a la botiga en aquest moment.

in the car

dins el cotxe

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

Ell està assegut al cotxe.

I live in Germany.

Visc a Alemanya.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Troba'm a les 12 al centre.

on the table

sobre la taula

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Les claus són sobre la taula.

on the field

al camp

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Són al camp de futbol.

Podem utilitzar preguntes en passat simple per preguntar sobre el passat. Utilitza "did" i el *verb*, però *no canviïs el verb a la forma passada.* Això és perquè "did" ja indica el passat, així que el verb principal es manté en la seva forma infinitiva. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Podem fer preguntes en passat utilitzant *la paraula interrogativa + did*. "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Ho has fet?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Què has fet?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Es va quedar?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Has fumat?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

On ho has comprat?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Van arribar a temps?

When did they arrive?

Quan van arribar?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Mirava la televisió?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

On vas viure?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Pronoms indefinits* "Something"i "anything"té el mateix significat i es refereix a *alguna cosa/objecte inanimat* , però un s'utilitza en oracions positives i l'altre en negatives. "Something"significa una cosa desconeguda. S'utilitza en *oracions positives.* "Anything"significa una cosa de *qualsevol tipus.* Feu-lo servir en oracions *interrogatives* i *negatives.* També es pot utilitzar per significar "I don't mind."..

something

alguna cosa

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

alguna cosa per menjar

I will bring something to eat.

something else

alguna altra cosa

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Alguna cosa més?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

més que qualsevol altra cosa

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Puc fer alguna cosa?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

trobar a faltar

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Falta alguna cosa.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Faré qualsevol cosa.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Fem alguna cosa.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Com et descriuries a tu mateix?* Quins són els teus punts forts i febles? Aprenem algunes paraules útils per descriure la teva (o la d'una altra persona) personalitat!

She's funny.

És divertida.

easy-going

tranquil

She is very easy-going.

friendly

amigable

They were friendly to me.

generous

generós

She is generous with her money.

honest

honrat

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

capriciós

She is so moody!

lazy

peresós

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

educat

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

tímid

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

treballador

The students are hard-working.

wise

savi

She seems kind and wise.

*Verbs d'estat* Els verbs estatius s'utilitzen per a activitats que nosaltres (o els objectes) no podem realitzar activament (movent el cos, etc.). *Els verbs estatius no canvien els seus estats.* Alguns dels verbs estatius són: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Ho sé!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

El coneixes?

Do you know him well?

to love

estimar

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Estima la seva gata.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

M'estimes?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

odiar

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

els espinacs

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Detesten els espinacs.

My children hate spinach.

to want

voler

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Vols un cafè?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Vull anar-hi.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Sembla simpàtic.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Sembla fàcil.

This exercise seems easy.

*M'agrada aprendre anglès!* Amb el verb "like"hi ha dues maneres de posar-ne un després. "LIKE"+ "to"+ infinitiu "I like to sleep." "LIKE"+ *verb* + "ing" "I like sleeping." En general no hi ha diferència de significat, tot i que de vegades fem servir l'infinitiu ( "TO "+ VERB) per parlar d'hàbits o eleccions. Tanmateix, utilitzar un VERB+ "ING"és més comú que utilitzar un infinitiu.

I like dancing.

M'agrada ballar.

to read

llegir

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

M'agrada llegir.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

M'agrada llegir al vespre.

to go to the gym

anar al gimnàs

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

No m'agrada llevar-me d'hora.

Do you like watching TV?

T'agrada mirar la televisió?

to wait

esperar

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

No m'agrada esperar.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Li agrada cuinar.

I like to cook Asian food.

M'agrada cuinar menjar asiàtic.

to take a selfie

fer-se un selfie

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Ens agrada fer-nos selfies.

I like learning English.

M'agrada aprendre anglès.

"I speak English well." "Well"és un adverbi. S'utilitza "well"per *descriure un verb, un adjectiu o un altre adverbi.* Aprenem alguns adverbis útils!

very well

molt bé

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Ella sap ballar bé.

a little

una mica

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Parlo una mica de castellà.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

una mica de temps

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

malauradament

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

estar tancat

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Malauradament, està tancat.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Tenim molta feina.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

els diners

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

molts diners

He made a lot of money.

*Una A important* De vegades, una sola lletra pot canviar el significat completament! "A little"significa *alguna cosa* , però quan només es diu "little"(sense la *a* ), té un significat negatiu. Mira aquest exemple: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little."(Tinc alguns diners, una petita quantitat.) B: "No, very little."(no gaire/gairebé res) La mateixa regla s'aplica a la paraula "few". Fem servir "a little"amb *substantius incomptables singulars.* Fem servir "a few"amb *substantius comptables plurals.*

a few friends

uns quants amics

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

pocs amics

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

un pot

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

uns quants pots de melmelada

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

una mica de nata i sucre

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

una mica més de temps

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

una elecció

You always have a choice.

few people

poques persones

Few people came to the party.

to remember

recordar

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

unes quantes coses a tenir en compte

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

*Condicional zero* Aquest condicional s'utilitza quan el resultat *sempre passarà.* S'utilitza per a veritats generals i fets immutables. En les oracions condicionals zero, el temps verbal en *ambdues parts de l'oració és el present simple.* Aquí teniu alguns exemples: "If people eat too much, they get fat." "If babies are hungry, they cry." "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Si menges massa, engreixes.

to get fat

engreixar-se

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

estar malalt

the peanuts

els cacauets

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Si menjo cacauets, em trobo malament.

to boil

bullir

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

mullar-se

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Si escalfes el gel, es fon.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

fondre

The snow is starting to melt.

*Pretèrit simple de can i can't* El passat simple de "can"és "could"perquè puguis dir: "I could swim when I was five." El passat simple de "can't"és "couldn't"com en aquest exemple: "I couldn’t sing as a child." A més, podeu utilitzar "could"i "couldn't"fer peticions educades. Per exemple: "Could you help me carry these bags?"

Could you help me?

Em podries ajudar?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

portar una bossa

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

No ho he pogut fer.

They could speak English.

Sabien parlar anglès.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

provar

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Ho pots provar?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

jugar a escacs

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

No podia menjar cacauets.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Em podries portar un cafè?

Yes, I could.

Sí, podria.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*Com s'utilitza la preposició per* La paraula "by"és molt comuna en anglès. Es pot utilitzar en moltes situacions i contextos diferents. Aquí teniu alguns exemples: 1. "by"+ lloc *: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by"+ mètode de transport* : "I go to work by car." 3. "by"+ mètode de comunicació *: "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by"+ -ing verb* : "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."