Kursus for begyndere II (A1/A2)engelske ord

by DuoCards

*Velkommen til Kurset for Begyndere II!* Lad os starte med verberne "to do" og "to make." De bliver ofte forvekslet, så lad os lære at bruge dem korrekt. "Do" refererer normalt til *handlingen*, mens "make" generelt refererer til *resultatet.* Du kan for eksempel "do homework", "do the shopping", eller "do yoga", men du "make lunch", "make plans", eller "make friends".

to make friends

at få venner

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

løfte

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

at give et løfte

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

én gang om ugen

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Jeg ordner mit hår.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

forslag

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

at komme med et forslag

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Han kom med en vittighed.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Jeg reder min seng.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Du klarede det godt.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

at lægge planer

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Lad os lægge planer for i morgen.

*Vil anspænde* Du har allerede lært fremtidsformen GOING TO. Lad os nu tage et kig på *Futur Simple-formen*, ofte kaldet *Will-formen*. *Will* bruges om ting, som vi beslutter os for at gøre nu. (Hurtige beslutninger) *Going to* bruges*til at* referere til begivenheder, der *tidligere*er blevet *planlagt.* Strukturen i Future Simple er *subjekt + WILL + hovedverbum* f.eks: "You will open the door." I negative sætninger bruger vi won't: *will not = won*'t f.eks: "Hun vil ikke gøre det." I spørgsmålssætninger bytter vi om på subjekt og WILL. F.eks: "Vil du åbne døren?" Husk, at det modale hjælpeord will er invariabelt, hvilket betyder, at *det ikke ændrer form efter person.*

I will do it.

Jeg skal nok gøre det.

We will see.

Det må vi se.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Hun er der ikke.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

ankomme

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

Han kommer for sent.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

til tiden

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Kommer du til tiden?

an umbrella

paraply

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Jeg tager en paraply med.

It will rain today.

Det vil regne i dag.

Will you open the window?

Vil du åbne vinduet?

*Jeg er vant til det!* At*være vant til* betyder at *være bekendt med* eller *være vant til*. Sætningen er*opbygget* således: *subjekt + hovedverbummet BE + used to + objekt* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Bemærk, at hvis objektet involverer et verbum, bruger vi *-ing-formen*. "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Det er jeg vant til.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

hurtig

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Jeg er vant til at spise hurtigt.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

støjen

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Jeg er vant til meget støj.

to get up early

at stå tidligt op

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Han er vant til at stå tidligt op.

I'm used to working late.

Jeg er vant til at arbejde sent.

to watch TV

se fjernsyn

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

om aftenen

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

De er vant til at se fjernsyn om aftenen.

a brand

brand

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Hun er vant til at købe dette mærke.

Are you used to cold?

Er du vant til kulden?

*'To be used to' is not 'used to'* Der er en forskel mellem *be used to* og *used to*. Vi bruger *used to + infinitive* til at tale om en *gentagen handling eller tilstand i fortiden*, der ikke længere er sand. "I used to come here as a child." "Did you use to come here as a child?" "She used to eat meat, but now she's a vegetarian."

We used to be friends.

Vi var venner engang.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Jeg plejede at stå tidligt op.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

at arbejde som

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Jeg arbejdede som lærer.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

De plejede at se fjernsyn om aftenen.

to smoke

ryge

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Jeg røg tidligere.

She used to buy this brand.

Hun plejede at købe dette mærke.

long hair

langt hår

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Han havde langt hår.

*Adverbier af frekvens* Vi bruger hyppighedsadverbier til at sige, *hvor ofte vi gør ting, eller hvor ofte ting sker*. "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" De står som regel *før hovedverbet* eller *mellem hjælpeverbet og hovedverbet*. Men de kommer *efter verbet at være*. Vi kan bruge nogle frekvensadverbier *i begyndelsen eller slutningen* af en sætning for at understrege. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

altid

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Jeg laver altid mine lektier.

Do you always come here?

Kommer du altid her?

usually

sædvanligvis

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Han er normalt til tiden.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

De ser som regel fjernsyn om aftenen.

often

ofte

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Du beder mig ofte om hjælp.

sometimes

nogle gange

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Nogle gange tager vi bussen i skole.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Ryger du nogle gange?

never

aldrig

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Jeg ryger aldrig.

I never get up early.

Jeg står aldrig tidligt op.

You always smile.

Du smiler altid.

hardly ever

næsten aldrig

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

De leger næsten aldrig udenfor om vinteren.

*I, på eller ved?* *I*, *på* og *ved* er alle eksempler på præpositioner, der har flere formål. De kan vise en relation til både tid og sted, afhængigt af hvordan du bruger dem. Lad os først se på disse tre præpositioner som *præpositioner for tid*. "In" bruges normalt til at angive en uspecifik tidsperiode eller en mere generel tidsperiode, der ikke er specifik. Eksempel: "I like to swim in the summer." "On" henviser til en bestemt dato. Eksempel: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At" angiver et bestemt tidspunkt. Eksempel: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

om mandagen

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Jeg kommer på mandag.

on the weekend

i weekenden

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

den 15.

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

den 15. april

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Hun kommer den 15. april.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

om vinteren

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

at stå på ski

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Jeg tager på ski om vinteren.

in the morning

om morgenen

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Jeg er født i 1996.

in the future

i fremtiden

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Filmen starter klokken 7.

Meet me at 12.

Mød mig klokken 12.

at the moment

i øjeblikket

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

ikke i øjeblikket

*Hjemme eller i biografen?* "In", "on" og "at" som præpositioner for sted: *In* henviser normalt til noget, der befinder sig inden for et afgrænset rum af en eller anden art eller i et større rum."in the car" "in France" "in the center" *On* angiver normalt, at noget befinder sig oven på noget andet eller et mere specifikt sted i et større område."on the table" "on Main Street" *At* kan bruges til at angive et bestemt punkt. Det er den mest specifikke af de tre præpositioner til at angive et bestemt sted. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

derhjemme

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Er du hjemme?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Jeg bliver hjemme i weekenden.

at the store

i butikken

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Vi er i butikken lige nu.

in the car

i bilen

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

Han sidder i bilen.

I live in Germany.

Jeg bor i Tyskland.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Mød mig klokken 12 i centrum

on the table

på bordet

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Nøglerne ligger på bordet.

on the field

på banen

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

De er på fodboldbanen.

Vi kan bruge spørgsmål i datid til at spørge om fortiden. Brug "did" og *verbet*, men *ændr ikke verbet til datidsformen.* Dette er fordi "did" allerede viser datid, så hovedverbet forbliver i sin infinitivform. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Vi kan lave spørgsmål i datid ved at bruge *spørgeordet + did*. "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Har du gjort det?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Hvad har du gjort?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Blev han?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Har du røget?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Hvor købte du den?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Ankom de til tiden?

When did they arrive?

Hvornår ankom de?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Så hun fjernsyn?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Hvor boede du?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Ubestemte pronomen* "Something" og "anything" har samme betydning og henviser til *en ting/et livløst objekt*, men det ene bruges i positive sætninger og det andet i negative. "Something" betyder en ting, der er ukendt. Det bruges i *positive sætninger.*"Anything" betyder en ting af *enhver art.* Brug det i *spørgsmål* og *negative sætninger.* Det kan også bruges til at betyde "I don't mind."

something

noget

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

noget at spise

I will bring something to eat.

something else

noget andet

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Ellers andet?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

mere end noget andet

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Er der noget, jeg kan gøre?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

mangle

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Der mangler noget.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Jeg gør hvad som helst.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Lad os finde på noget.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Hvordan vil du beskrive dig selv?* Hvad er dine styrker og svagheder? Lad os lære nogle nyttige ord til at beskrive din (eller en andens) personlighed!

She's funny.

Hun er sjov.

easy-going

pohodový

She is very easy-going.

friendly

venlig

They were friendly to me.

generous

generøs

She is generous with her money.

honest

ærlig

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

humørsyg

She is so moody!

lazy

doven

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

høflig

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

genert

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

flittig

The students are hard-working.

wise

vis

She seems kind and wise.

*Stative verber* Stative verber bruges til aktiviteter, som vi (eller objekter) ikke aktivt kan udføre (ved at bevæge kroppen osv.). *Stative verber ændrer ikke deres tilstand.* Nogle af de stative verber er: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Det ved jeg!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Kender du ham?

Do you know him well?

to love

elske

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Hun elsker sin kat.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Elsker du mig?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

hade

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

spinaten

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

De hader spinat.

My children hate spinach.

to want

ville

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Vil du have en kop kaffe?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Jeg vil gerne afsted.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Han virker flink.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Det virker nemt.

This exercise seems easy.

*Jeg kan godt lide at lære engelsk!* Med verbet "like" er der to måder at sætte et verbum efter det. "LIKE" + "to" + infinitiv "I like to sleep." "LIKE" + *verb* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Generelt er der ikke en forskel i betydning, selvom vi nogle gange bruger infinitiv ("TO "+ VERB) til at tale om vaner eller valg. Dog er det mere almindeligt at bruge et VERB+"ING" end at bruge en infinitiv.

I like dancing.

Jeg kan godt lide at danse.

to read

læse

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Jeg kan godt lide at læse.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Jeg kan godt lide at læse om aftenen.

to go to the gym

at gå i fitnesscenter

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Jeg kan ikke lide at stå tidligt op.

Do you like watching TV?

Kan du lide at se fjernsyn?

to wait

vente

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Jeg bryder mig ikke om at vente.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Hun kan godt lide at lave mad.

I like to cook Asian food.

Jeg kan godt lide at lave asiatisk mad.

to take a selfie

at tage en selfie

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Vi kan godt lide at tage selfies.

I like learning English.

Jeg kan godt lide at lære engelsk.

"I speak English well." "Well" er et adverb. Brug "well" til *at beskrive et verbum, adjektiv eller et andet adverb.* Lad os lære nogle nyttige adverb!

very well

meget godt

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Hun er god til at danse.

a little

smule

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Jeg taler en lille smule spansk.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

lidt tid

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

desværre

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

at være lukket

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Desværre er der lukket.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Vi har meget at lave.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

pengene

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

mange penge

He made a lot of money.

*En vigtig A* Nogle gange kan et enkelt bogstav ændre betydningen fuldstændigt! "A little" betyder *nogle*, men når du bare siger "little" (uden en *a*), har det en negativ betydning. Se på dette eksempel: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little." (Jeg har nogle penge, en lille mængde.) B: "No, very little." (ikke meget/næsten ingenting) Den samme regel gælder for ordet "few". Vi bruger "a little" med *entals utællelige substantiver.* Vi bruger "a few" med *flertals tællelige substantiver.*

a few friends

et par venner

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

få venner

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

glas

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

et par glas marmelade

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

lidt fløde og sukker

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

lidt ekstra tid

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

valg

You always have a choice.

few people

få mennesker

Few people came to the party.

to remember

huske

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

et par ting at huske

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

Denne betingelse bruges, når resultatet altid vil ske. Den bruges til generelle sandheder og uforanderlige fakta. I nulbetingelsessætninger er tiden i begge dele af sætningen den simple nutid. Her er nogle eksempler:

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Hvis du spiser for meget, bliver du tyk.

to get fat

at tage på i vægt

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

at være syg

the peanuts

jordnødderne

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Jeg bliver dårlig af at spise peanuts.

to boil

koge

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

at blive våd

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Hvis man varmer is op, smelter den.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

smelte

The snow is starting to melt.

*Fortidsform af can og can't* Fortidsformen af "can" er "could", så du kan sige: "I could swim when I was five." Fortidsformen af "can't" is "couldn't" som i dette eksempel: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Desuden kan du bruge "could" og "couldn't" til at komme med høflige anmodninger. For eksempel: "Kan du hjælpe mig med at bære disse tasker?"

Could you help me?

Kan du hjælpe mig?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

at bære en taske

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Jeg kunne ikke gøre det.

They could speak English.

De kunne tale engelsk.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

prøve

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Kan du prøve?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

at spille skak

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Jeg kunne ikke spise peanuts.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Vil du være sød at hente en kop kaffe til mig?

Yes, I could.

Ja, det kunne jeg godt.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*Hvordan man bruger præpositionen by* Ordet "by" er meget almindeligt på engelsk. Det kan bruges i mange forskellige situationer og sammenhænge. Her er nogle eksempler: 1. "by" + sted*: "The house stands by the river."2. "by" + transportmiddel*: "I go to work by car."3. "by" + kommunikationsmiddel*: "Please confirm the order by email."4. "by" + -ing-verbum*: "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."