Algajate kursus II (A1/A2)Ingliskeelsed sõnad

by DuoCards

*Tere tulemast II kursusele algajatele!* Alustame verbidest "to do" ja "to make." Neid aetakse sageli segamini, seega õpime, kuidas neid õigesti kasutada. "Do" viitab tavaliselt *tegevusele*, samas kui "make" viitab tavaliselt *tulemusele.* Võite näiteks "do homework", "do the shopping" või "do yoga", aga te "make lunch", "make plans" või "make friends".

to make friends

sõpru leida

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

lubadus

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

lubadust andma

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

kord nädalas

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Ma teen endale soengut.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

ettepanek

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

ettepanekut tegema

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Ta tegi nalja.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Ma teen voodit.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Said sellega hästi hakkama.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

plaane tegema

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Teeme homseks plaane.

*Will pinges* Te olete juba õppinud tulevikuvormi GOING TO. Nüüd vaatleme *Futur Simple tense*, mida sageli nimetatakse *Will tense*'iks. *Will* kasutatakse asjade puhul, mida me otsustame teha praegu. (Kiired otsused) *Going to (minna* ) kasutatakse sündmuste kohta, mis on *eelnevalt planeeritud.* Tuleviku lihtsa ajavormi struktuur on *subjekt + tahta + põhiverbi* nt: "You will open the door." Negatiivsetes lausetes tõmbame kokku will't: *will not = won't* nt: "Ta ei tee seda." Küsimuslausete puhul vahetame subjekti ja WILL. nt: "Kas sa avad ukse?" Pidage meeles, et modaalne abisõna will on muutumatu, mis tähendab, et *see ei muuda oma vormi isiku järgi.*

I will do it.

Ma teen seda.

We will see.

Eks näe.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Teda ei ole seal.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

kohale jõudma

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

Ta jääb hiljaks.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

õigeaegselt

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Kas sa jõuad õigeks ajaks?

an umbrella

vihmavari

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Võtan vihmavarju kaasa.

It will rain today.

Täna sajab vihma.

Will you open the window?

Kas sa teeksid akna lahti?

*Ma olen sellega harjunud!* *Olla harjunud* tähendab *olla tuttav* või *harjunud*. Lause*struktuur* on järgmine: *subjekt + põhiverbi olla + harjunud + objekt* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Pange tähele, et kui objekt hõlmab verbi, kasutame *-ing vormi*. "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Olen sellega harjunud.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

kiire

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Olen harjunud kiiresti sööma.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

müra

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Olen suure müraga harjunud.

to get up early

vara tõusta

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Ta on harjunud vara tõusma.

I'm used to working late.

Olen harjunud hilja töötama.

to watch TV

televiisorit vaatama

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

õhtul

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Nad on harjunud õhtuti televiisorit vaatama.

a brand

kaubamärk

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Ta on harjunud seda brändi ostma.

Are you used to cold?

Kas olete külmaga harjunud?

*'harjuda' ei ole 'harjunud'.* On vahe, *kas olla harjunud* või *harjunud*. Me kasutame *used to + infinitiivi*, et rääkida *minevikus korduvast tegevusest või seisundist*, mis ei ole enam tõsi. "I used to come here as a child." "Did you use to come here as a child?" "Varem sõi ta liha, aga nüüd on ta taimetoitlane."

We used to be friends.

Me olime kunagi sõbrad.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Ma tõusin varem vara üles.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

töötama kellena

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Töötasin õpetajana.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Nad vaatasid õhtuti televiisorit.

to smoke

suitsetama

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Ma olen varem suitsetanud.

She used to buy this brand.

Ta ostis varem seda marki.

long hair

pikad juuksed

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Tal olid varem pikad juuksed.

*Sageduse omadussõnad* Me kasutame sageduse omadussõnu, et öelda, *kui tihti me midagi teeme või kui sageli asjad toimuvad*. "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Need on tavaliselt *enne põhiverbi* või *abiverbi ja põhiverbi vahel*. Kuid nad tulevad *pärast verbi olla*. Me võime kasutada mõningaid sageduse adverbiaale lause *alguses või* lõpus rõhuasetuseks. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

alati

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Ma teen alati oma kodutööd ära.

Do you always come here?

Kas sa käid siin alati?

usually

tavaliselt

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Ta on tavaliselt õigel ajal.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Nad vaatavad tavaliselt õhtul televiisorit.

often

sageli

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Sa palud minult tihti abi.

sometimes

mõnikord

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Mõnikord sõidame bussiga kooli.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Kas sa suitsetad vahel?

never

mitte kunagi

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Ma ei suitseta kunagi.

I never get up early.

Ma ei tõuse kunagi vara.

You always smile.

Sa naeratad alati.

hardly ever

vaevalt kunagi

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

Talvel nad õues peaaegu üldse ei mängi.

*In, on või at?* *In*, *on* ja *at* on kõik mitmeotstarbelised eessõnad. Need võivad sõltuvalt kasutusviisist väljendada nii aja kui ka koha suhet. Esmalt vaatame neid kolme eessõna *aja eessõnadena*. "In" Kasutatakse tavaliselt ebamäärase aja või üldisema ajavahemiku tähistamiseks, mis ei ole konkreetne. Näide: „ "I like to swim in the summer." "On" ” viitab konkreetsele kuupäevale. Näide: „ "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At" ” viitab konkreetsele ajale. Näide: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

esmaspäeval

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Tulen esmaspäeval.

on the weekend

nädalavahetusel

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

15. kuupäeval

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

15. aprillil

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Ta tuleb 15. aprillil.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

talvel

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

suusatama minna

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Talvel käin ma suusatamas.

in the morning

hommikul

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Ma sündisin 1996. aastal.

in the future

tulevikus

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Film algab kell 7.

Meet me at 12.

Saame kell 12 kokku.

at the moment

hetkel

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

hetkel mitte

*Kodus või kinos?* "In", "on" ja "at" kui koha eessõnad: *In* viitab tavaliselt millelegi, mis asub mingis suletud ruumis või suuremas ruumis."in the car" "in France" "in the center" *On* viitab tavaliselt millelegi, mis asub millegi peal või suuremas ruumis täpsemal kohal."on the table" "on Main Street" *At* võib kasutada teatud punkti näitamiseks. See on kolmest eessõnast kõige täpsem konkreetse koha näitamiseks. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

kodus

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Kas sa oled kodus?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Ma jään nädalavahetusel koju.

at the store

poes

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Oleme praegu poes.

in the car

autos

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

Ta istub autos.

I live in Germany.

Ma elan Saksamaal.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Saame kell 12 kesklinnas kokku

on the table

laual

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Võtmed on laual.

on the field

väljakul

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Nad on jalgpalliväljakul.

*Minevikuvorm – küsimused* Minevikuvormi küsimusi saab kasutada mineviku kohta küsimuste esitamiseks. Kasutage küsimussõnu „ "did" ” ja *verbi*, kuid *ärge muutke verbi minevikuvormiks.* Seda seetõttu, et „ "did" ” juba näitab minevikku, seega jääb põhiline verb infinitiivi vormi. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Minevikuvormi küsimusi saab moodustada, kasutades *küsimussõna + did*. "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Kas sa tegid seda?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Mida sa tegid?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Kas ta jäi?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Kas sa suitsetasid?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Kust sa selle ostsid?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Kas nad jõudsid õigeks ajaks kohale?

When did they arrive?

Millal nad saabusid?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Kas ta vaatas televiisorit?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Kus sa elasid?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

Määramata asesõnad "Something" ja "anything" tähendavad sama ja viitavad *mingile asjale/elutule objektile*, kuid üks kasutatakse positiivsetes lausetes ja teine negatiivsetes. "Something" tähendab tundmatut asja. Seda kasutatakse *positiivsetes lausetes.* "Anything" tähendab *ükskõik millist asja.* Kasuta seda *küsimustes* ja *negatiivsetes lausetes.* Seda saab kasutada ka tähenduses "I don't mind."

something

midagi

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

midagi süüa

I will bring something to eat.

something else

midagi muud

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Kas midagi veel?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

rohkem kui midagi muud

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Kas ma saan midagi teha?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

puuduma

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Midagi on puudu.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Ma teen ükskõik mida.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Teeme midagi koos.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Kuidas te ennast kirjeldaksite?* Millised on teie tugevused ja nõrkused? Õpime mõned kasulikud sõnad, millega kirjeldada oma (või kellegi teise) isiksust!

She's funny.

Ta on naljakas.

easy-going

rahulik

She is very easy-going.

friendly

sõbralik

They were friendly to me.

generous

helde

She is generous with her money.

honest

aus

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

tujukas

She is so moody!

lazy

laisk

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

viisakas

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

häbelik

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

töökas

The students are hard-working.

wise

tark

She seems kind and wise.

*Statiivi verbid* Statiivi verbe kasutatakse tegevuste puhul, mida me (või objektid) ei saa aktiivselt sooritada (keha liigutades jne). *Statiivi verbid ei muuda oma olekut.* Mõned statiiviverbid on järgmised: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Ma tean!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Kas sa tunned teda?

Do you know him well?

to love

armastama

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Ta armastab oma kassi.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Kas sa armastad mind?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

vihkama

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

spinat

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Nad vihkavad spinatit.

My children hate spinach.

to want

tahtma

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Kas soovite kohvi?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Ma tahan minna.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Ta tundub tore.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

See tundub lihtne.

This exercise seems easy.

*Mulle meeldib inglise keelt õppida!* Verbi „ "like" ” järel on kaks võimalust verbi paigutamiseks. "LIKE" + "to" + infinitiiv "I like to sleep." "LIKE" + *verb* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Üldiselt ei ole tähenduses vahet, kuigi mõnikord kasutame infinitiivi ("TO "+ VERB), et rääkida harjumustest või valikutest. Siiski on VERB+"ING" kasutamine levinum kui infinitiivi kasutamine.

I like dancing.

Mulle meeldib tantsida.

to read

lugema

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Mulle meeldib lugeda.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Mulle meeldib õhtuti lugeda.

to go to the gym

jõusaalis käima

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Mulle ei meeldi vara tõusta.

Do you like watching TV?

Kas sulle meeldib telerit vaadata?

to wait

ootama

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Mulle ei meeldi oodata.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Talle meeldib süüa teha.

I like to cook Asian food.

Mulle meeldib Aasia toite valmistada.

to take a selfie

selfit tegema

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Meile meeldib selfisid teha.

I like learning English.

Mulle meeldib inglise keelt õppida.

"I speak English well." "Well" on määrsõna. Kasuta "well" *tegusõna, omadussõna või teise määrsõna kirjeldamiseks.* Õpime mõned kasulikud määrsõnad!

very well

väga hästi

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Ta tantsib hästi.

a little

natuke

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Ma räägin natuke hispaania keelt.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

natuke aega

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

kahjuks

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

olema suletud

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Kahjuks on suletud.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Meil on palju teha.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

raha

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

palju raha

He made a lot of money.

Mõnikord võib üksik täht tähendust täielikult muuta! "A little" tähendab *mõned*, kuid kui ütlete lihtsalt "little" (ilma *a*), on sellel negatiivne tähendus. Vaadake seda näidet: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little." (Mul on natuke raha, väike kogus.) B: "No, very little." (mitte palju/peaaegu mitte midagi) Sama reegel kehtib sõna "few" kohta. Me kasutame "a little" koos *ainsuse loendamatute nimisõnadega.* Me kasutame "a few" koos *mitmuse loendatavate nimisõnadega.*

a few friends

mõned sõbrad

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

vähe sõpru

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

purk

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

mõned purgid moosi

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

veidi koort ja suhkrut

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

natuke lisaaega

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

valik

You always have a choice.

few people

vähe inimesi

Few people came to the party.

to remember

meeles pidama

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

mõned asjad, mida meeles pidada

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

Seda tingimust kasutatakse, kui tulemus *juhtub alati.* Seda kasutatakse üldiste tõdede ja muutumatute faktide puhul. Nulltingimuslausetes on mõlemas lauseosas *lihtolevik.* Siin on mõned näited:

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Kui sa sööd liiga palju, siis sa lähed paksuks.

to get fat

paksuks minema

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

haige olema

the peanuts

maapähklid

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Kui ma söön maapähkleid, hakkab mul halb.

to boil

keema

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

märjaks saama

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Kui jääd soojendada, siis see sulab.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

sulama

The snow is starting to melt.

*Past simple of can ja can't* Past simple of "can" on "could", nii et võite öelda: "I could swim when I was five." The past simple of "can't" is "couldn't" nagu selles näites: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Peale selle võib viisakate taotluste esitamiseks kasutada "could" ja "couldn't". Näiteks: "Kas sa võiksid aidata mul neid kotte kanda?"

Could you help me?

Kas saaksite mind aidata?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

kotti kandma

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Ma ei suutnud seda teha.

They could speak English.

Nad oskasid inglise keelt kõnelda.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

proovida

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Kas saaksid proovida?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

malet mängida

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Ma ei saanud maapähkleid süüa.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Kas saaksid mulle kohvi tuua?

Yes, I could.

Jah, ma saaksin.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*Eessõna „by” kasutamine* Sõna „ "by" ” on inglise keeles väga levinud. Seda saab kasutada paljudes erinevates olukordades ja kontekstides. Siin on mõned näited: 1. „ "by" ” + koht*: „ "The house stands by the river."” 2. „ "by" ” + transpordivahend*: „ "I go to work by car."” 3. „ "by" ” + suhtlusviis*: „ "Please confirm the order by email."” 4. „ "by" ” + -ing-verb*: "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."