Kurss iesācējiem II (A1/A2)Angļu vārdi

by DuoCards

*Laipni lūgti kursā iesācējiem II!* Sāksim ar darbības vārdiem "to do" un "to make." Tos bieži jauc, tāpēc iemācīsimies tos lietot pareizi. "Do" parasti attiecas uz *darbību*, savukārt "make" parasti attiecas uz *rezultātu.* Jūs varat, piemēram, "do homework", "do the shopping" vai "do yoga", bet jūs "make lunch", "make plans" vai "make friends".

to make friends

sadraudzēties

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

solījums

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

dot solījumu

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

reizi nedēļā

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Es taisu frizūru.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

ieteikums

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

izteikt priekšlikumu

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Viņš pajokoja.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Es saklāju gultu.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Tev labi veicās.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

plānot

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Izplānojam kaut ko rītdienai.

*Būs saspringts* Jūs jau esat iemācījušies nākotnes laiku GOING TO. Tagad aplūkosim *Nākotnes Vienkāršo laiku*, ko bieži dēvē par *gribas laiku*. *Will* tiek lietots lietām, kuras mēs nolemjam darīt tagad. (Ātrie lēmumi) *Going to* tiek lietots, lai apzīmētu notikumus, kas ir *iepriekš ieplānoti.* Nākotnes vienkāršā laika struktūra ir *subjekts + WILL + galvenais darbības vārds*. piem: "You will open the door." Negatīvos teikumos mēs lietojam savienojumu won't: *will not = won't* piem: "Viņa to nedarīs." Jautājuma teikumos mēs apmainām priekšmetu un WILL. piem: "Vai jūs atvērsiet durvis?" Atcerieties, ka modālais palīgteikums būs ir nemainīgs, tas nozīmē, ka *tā forma nemainās atkarībā no personas.*

I will do it.

Es to izdarīšu.

We will see.

Redzēsim.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Viņas tur nebūs.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

ierasties

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

Viņš ieradīsies vēlu.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

laicīgi

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Vai tu ieradīsies laikus?

an umbrella

lietussargs

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Es paņemšu lietussargu.

It will rain today.

Šodien līs.

Will you open the window?

Vai tu atvērsi logu?

*Esmu pie tā pieradis!* *Pierast* pie nozīmē *būt pazīstamam* vai *pierastam*. Teikuma*struktūra* ir šāda: *subjekts + galvenais darbības vārds BE + pierasts + objekts*. "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Ņemiet vērā, ka, ja objekts ir darbības vārds, mēs lietojam *-ing formu*. "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Esmu pie tā pieradis.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

ātrs

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Esmu pieradis ēst ātri.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

troksnis

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Esmu pieradis pie liela trokšņa.

to get up early

celties agri

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Viņš ir pieradis celties agri.

I'm used to working late.

Esmu pieradis strādāt vēlu.

to watch TV

skatīties televizoru

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

vakarā

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Viņi ir pieraduši vakaros skatīties televizoru.

a brand

zīmols

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Viņa ir pieradusi pirkt šo zīmolu.

Are you used to cold?

Vai tu esi pieradis pie aukstuma?

Starp *be used to* un *used to* pastāv atšķirība. Mēs lietojam *used to + infinitive*, lai runātu par *atkārtotu darbību vai stāvokli pagātnē*, kas vairs nav patiesība.

We used to be friends.

Mēs bijām draugi.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Es agrāk cēlos agri.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

strādāt par

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Es agrāk strādāju par skolotāju.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Viņi vakaros skatījās televizoru.

to smoke

smēķēt

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Es agrāk smēķēju.

She used to buy this brand.

Viņa agrāk pirka šo zīmolu.

long hair

gari mati

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Viņam agrāk bija gari mati.

*Frekvences apstākļa vārdi* Biežuma apstākļa vārdus lietojam, lai pateiktu, *cik bieži mēs kaut ko darām vai cik bieži kaut kas notiek*. "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Tie parasti atrodas *pirms galvenā darbības vārda* vai *starp palīgdarbības vārdu un galveno darbības vārdu*. Bet tie ir *aiz darbības vārda būt*. Dažus biežuma apstākļa vārdus mēs varam lietot teikuma *sākumā vai beigās*, lai uzsvērtu to nozīmi. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

vienmēr

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Es vienmēr pildos mājasdarbus.

Do you always come here?

Vai jūs vienmēr nākat uz šejieni?

usually

parasti

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Viņš parasti ierodas laicīgi.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Vakaros viņi parasti skatās televizoru.

often

bieži

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Tu bieži lūdz man palīdzību.

sometimes

dažreiz

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Dažreiz mēs braucam uz skolu ar autobusu.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Vai jūs dažreiz smēķējat?

never

nekad

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Es nekad nesmēķēju.

I never get up early.

Es nekad neceļos agri.

You always smile.

Tu vienmēr smaidi.

hardly ever

reti kad

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

Ziemā viņi gandrīz nemaz nespēlējas ārā.

*In, on vai at?* Priekšlocekļi*in*, *on* un *at* ir piemēri prievārdiem, kas kalpo vairākiem mērķiem. Atkarībā no tā, kā tos lietojat, tie var parādīt saistību gan ar laiku, gan vietu. Vispirms aplūkosim šos trīs prievārdus kā *laika prievārdus*. "In" parasti tiek lietoti, lai izteiktu nekonkrētu laika periodu vai vispārīgāku laika periodu, kas nav konkrēts. Piemēram: "I like to swim in the summer." "On" attiecas uz konkrētu datumu. piem: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At" norāda uz konkrētu laiku. piem: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

pirmdien

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Es atnākšu pirmdien.

on the weekend

nedēļas nogalē

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

piecpadsmitajā datumā

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

15. aprīlī

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Viņa atbrauks 15. aprīlī.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

ziemā

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

iet slēpot

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Ziemā es braucu slēpot.

in the morning

no rīta

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Esmu dzimis 1996. gadā.

in the future

nākotnē

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Filma sākas septiņos.

Meet me at 12.

Tiekamies pulksten 12.

at the moment

šobrīd

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

šobrīd nē

*Mājās vai kinoteātrī?* "In", "on" un "at" kā vietniekvārdi: parasti attiecas uz to,*ka* kaut kas atrodas kādā norobežotā telpā vai lielākā telpā. "in the car" "in France" "in the center" *Uz* parasti norāda, ka kaut kas atrodas virs kaut kā cita vai kaut kur konkrētā vietā lielākā telpā. "on the table" "on Main Street" *At* var izmantot, lai norādītu uz konkrētu punktu. Tas ir viskonkrētākais no trim prievārdiem, kas norāda uz konkrētu vietu. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

mājās

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Vai tu esi mājās?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Es brīvdienās palieku mājās.

at the store

veikalā

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Mēs šobrīd esam veikalā.

in the car

automobilī

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

Viņš sēž automašīnā.

I live in Germany.

Es dzīvoju Vācijā.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Satiekamies pulksten 12 centrā

on the table

uz galda

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Atslēgas ir uz galda.

on the field

uz laukuma

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Viņi atrodas futbola laukumā.

*Pagātnes vienkāršais - jautājumi* Mēs varam izmantot pagātnes vienkāršos jautājumus, lai jautātu par pagātni. Izmantojiet "did" un *darbības vārdu*, bet *nemainiet darbības vārda formu uz pagātnes formu.* Tas ir tāpēc, ka "did" jau parāda pagātni, tāpēc galvenais darbības vārds paliek nenoteiksmes formā. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Mēs varam veidot pagātnes laika jautājumus, izmantojot *jautājamo vārdu + did*. "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Vai tu to izdarīji?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Ko tu izdarīji?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Vai viņš palika?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Vai tu smēķēji?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Kur tu to nopirki?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Vai viņi ieradās laikus?

When did they arrive?

Kad viņi ieradās?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Vai viņa skatījās televizoru?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Kur jūs dzīvojāt?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Nenoteiktie vietniekvārdi* "Something" un "anything" ir vienādas nozīmes un attiecas uz *kādu lietu/nedzīvu objektu*, bet viens no tiem tiek lietots pozitīvos teikumos, bet otrs - negatīvos. "Something" nozīmē nezināmu lietu. To lieto *pozitīvos teikumos*. "Anything" nozīmē *jebkāda veida* lietu. Lietojiet to *jautājumos* un *negatīvos teikumos*. To var lietot arī, lai izteiktu "Es neiebilstu."

something

kaut kas

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

kaut kas ēdams

I will bring something to eat.

something else

kaut kas cits

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Vai vēl kaut kas?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

vairāk par visu

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Vai es varu kaut ko darīt?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

trūkt

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Kaut kas trūkst.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Es darīšu jebko.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Izdarīsim kaut ko.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Kā jūs sevi raksturotu? * Kādas ir jūsu stiprās un vājās puses? Uzzināsim dažus noderīgus vārdus, lai raksturotu savu (vai kāda cita) personību!

She's funny.

Viņa ir smieklīga.

easy-going

mierīgs

She is very easy-going.

friendly

draudzīgs

They were friendly to me.

generous

dāsns

She is generous with her money.

honest

godīgs

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

kaprīzs

She is so moody!

lazy

slinks

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

pieklājīgs

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

kautrīgs

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

strādīgs

The students are hard-working.

wise

gudrs

She seems kind and wise.

*Darbības vārdi* Statīvos darbības vārdus lieto darbībām, kuras mēs (vai objekti) nevaram aktīvi veikt (kustinot ķermeni utt.). *Statīvie darbības vārdi nemaina savu stāvokli.* Daži no statīvajiem darbības vārdiem ir: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Es zinu!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Vai tu viņu pazīsti?

Do you know him well?

to love

mīlēt

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Viņa mīl savu kaķi.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Vai tu mani mīli?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

ienīst

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

spināti

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Viņi neieredz spinātus.

My children hate spinach.

to want

gribēt

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Vai vēlaties kafiju?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Es gribu iet.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Viņš šķiet jauks.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Tas šķiet viegli.

This exercise seems easy.

*Man patīk mācīties angļu valodu!* Ar darbības vārdu "like" ir divi veidi, kā likt darbības vārdu aiz tā. "LIKE" + "to" + nenoteiksme "I like to sleep." "LIKE" + *darbības vārds* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Kopumā nozīmes ziņā atšķirību nav, lai gan dažkārt mēs lietojam nenoteiksmes formu ("TO "+ VERB), lai runātu par ieradumiem vai izvēli. Tomēr VERB +"ING" lietošana ir biežāk sastopama nekā nenoteiksmes vārda lietošana.

I like dancing.

Man patīk dejot.

to read

lasīt

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Man patīk lasīt.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Man patīk lasīt vakaros.

to go to the gym

iet uz trenažieru zāli

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Man nepatīk celties agri.

Do you like watching TV?

Vai tev patīk skatīties televizoru?

to wait

gaidīt

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Man nepatīk gaidīt.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Viņai patīk gatavot.

I like to cook Asian food.

Man patīk gatavot aziātu ēdienus.

to take a selfie

uztaisīt selfiju

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Mums patīk uzņemt selfijus.

I like learning English.

Man patīk mācīties angļu valodu.

"I speak English well." "Well" ir apstākļa vārds. Izmantojiet "well", lai *aprakstītu darbības vārdu, īpašības vārdu vai citu apstākļa vārdu.* Apgūsim dažus noderīgus apstākļa vārdus!

very well

ļoti labi

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Viņa prot labi dejot.

a little

nedaudz

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Es nedaudz runāju spāniski.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

mazliet laika

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

Diemžēl

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

būt slēgtam

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Diemžēl tas ir slēgts.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Mums ir daudz darāmā.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

nauda

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

daudz naudas

He made a lot of money.

*Svarīgs A* Dažreiz viens burts var pilnībā mainīt nozīmi! "A little" nozīmē *daži*, bet, ja jūs vienkārši sakāt "little" (bez *a*), tam ir negatīva nozīme. Aplūkojiet šo piemēru: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little." (Man ir nedaudz naudas, neliela summa.) B: "No, very little." (ne daudz/ gandrīz nekas). Tas pats noteikums attiecas uz vārdu "few". Mēs lietojam "a little" ar *vienskaitļa nesaskaitāmajiem lietvārdiem.* Mēs lietojam "a few" ar *skaitāmajiem lietvārdiem daudzskaitlī.*

a few friends

daži draugi

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

maz draugu

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

burka

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

dažas burkas ievārījuma

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

nedaudz krējuma un cukura

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

nedaudz papildu laika

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

izvēle

You always have a choice.

few people

maz cilvēku

Few people came to the party.

to remember

atcerēties

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

dažas lietas, ko atcerēties

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

Šis nosacījums tiek izmantots, kad rezultāts vienmēr notiks. To izmanto vispārīgām patiesībām un nemaināmiem faktiem. Nulles nosacījuma teikumos laiks abās teikuma daļās ir vienkāršais tagadne. Šeit ir daži piemēri:

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Ja tu ēd par daudz, tu kļūsti resns.

to get fat

pieņemties svarā

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

būt slimam

the peanuts

zemesrieksti

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Kad es ēdu zemesriekstus, man paliek slikti.

to boil

vārīties

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

samirkt

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Ja jūs sasildīsiet ledu, tas izkusīs.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

kust

The snow is starting to melt.

*Pagātnes vienkāršais var un nevar* "can" pagātnes vienkāršajā formā ir "could", tāpēc var teikt: "I could swim when I was five." "can't" is "couldn't" pagātnes vienkāršajā formā, kā šajā piemērā: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Turklāt, lai izteiktu pieklājīgus lūgumus, var lietot "could" un "couldn't". Piemēram: "Vai jūs varētu man palīdzēt nest šīs somas?"

Could you help me?

Vai varat man palīdzēt?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

nest somu

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Es to nevarēju izdarīt.

They could speak English.

Viņi prata runāt angliski.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

mēģināt

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Vai varat pamēģināt?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

spēlēt šahu

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Es nevarēju ēst zemesriekstus.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Vai jūs varētu man atnest kafiju?

Yes, I could.

Jā, es varētu.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

Vārds "by" ir ļoti izplatīts angļu valodā. To var izmantot daudzās dažādās situācijās un kontekstos. Šeit ir daži piemēri: 1. "by" + vieta*: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by" + transporta veids*: "I go to work by car." 3. "by" + saziņas veids*: "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by" + -ing darbības vārds*: "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."