Kursus untuk pemula II (A1/A2)Perkataan bahasa Inggeris

by DuoCards

*Selamat datang ke Kursus untuk Pemula II!* Mari kita mulakan dengan kata kerja "to do"dan "to make."Mereka sering keliru, jadi mari belajar cara menggunakannya dengan betul. "Do"biasanya merujuk kepada *tindakan* , manakala "make"secara amnya merujuk kepada *hasil.* Anda boleh contohnya "do homework", "do the shopping", atau "do yoga", tetapi anda "make lunch", "make plans", atau "make friends".

to make friends

berkawan

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

janji

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

berjanji

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

seminggu sekali

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Saya sedang mendandan rambut.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

satu cadangan

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

mengemukakan cadangan

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Dia bergurau.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Saya mengemas katil saya.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Anda telah melakukan yang terbaik.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

untuk membuat rancangan

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Mari kita buat rancangan untuk esok.

*Akan tegang* Anda telah pun mempelajari masa hadapan GOING TO. Sekarang mari kita lihat *tegang Futur Simple* , sering dipanggil *tegang kehendak* . *Wasiat* digunakan untuk perkara yang kita putuskan untuk lakukan sekarang. (Keputusan Pantas) *Pergi ke* digunakan untuk merujuk kepada acara yang telah *dirancang sebelum ini.* Struktur Masa Depan Simple tense ialah *subjek + AKAN + kata kerja utama* cth: "You will open the door." Dalam ayat negatif, kita berkontrak dengan tidak akan: *tidak akan = tidak akan* cth: "She won't do it." Untuk ayat tanya, kita tukar subjek dan AKAN. cth: "Will you open the door?" Ingat, wasiat tambahan modal adalah invariable, yang bermaksud *ia tidak mengubah bentuknya oleh orang itu.*

I will do it.

Saya akan lakukannya.

We will see.

Kita lihat nanti.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Dia tidak akan berada di sana.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

sampai

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

Dia akan sampai lewat.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

tepat pada masanya

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Adakah anda akan sampai tepat pada masanya?

an umbrella

payung

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Saya akan bawa payung.

It will rain today.

Hari ini akan hujan.

Will you open the window?

Boleh awak buka tingkap itu?

*Saya sudah biasa!* *Digunakan untuk* bermaksud *biasa dengan* atau *biasa dengan* . *Struktur* ayat ialah: *subjek + kata kerja utama BE + digunakan untuk + objek* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Ambil perhatian bahawa jika objek melibatkan kata kerja, kami menggunakan *bentuk -ing* . "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Saya sudah biasa dengan perkara itu.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

cepat

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Saya sudah terbiasa makan dengan cepat.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

bunyi bising

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Saya sudah biasa dengan suasana yang bising.

to get up early

bangun awal

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Dia sudah biasa bangun awal.

I'm used to working late.

Saya sudah biasa bekerja lewat.

to watch TV

menonton televisyen

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

pada waktu malam

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Mereka sudah biasa menonton televisyen pada waktu malam.

a brand

jenama

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Dia sudah biasa membeli jenama ini.

Are you used to cold?

Adakah anda biasa dengan cuaca sejuk?

*'Terbiasa' bukan 'biasa'* Terdapat perbezaan antara *terbiasa* dan *terbiasa* . Kami menggunakan *used to + infinitive* untuk bercakap tentang *tindakan atau keadaan berulang pada masa lalu* yang tidak lagi benar. "I used to come here as a child." "Did you use to come here as a child?" "She used to eat meat, but now she's a vegetarian."

We used to be friends.

Kami pernah berkawan.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Dulu saya selalu bangun awal.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

bekerja sebagai

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Saya pernah bekerja sebagai guru.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Mereka selalu menonton televisyen pada waktu malam.

to smoke

merokok

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Dulu saya merokok.

She used to buy this brand.

Dia pernah membeli jenama ini.

long hair

rambut panjang

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Dia dulu berambut panjang.

*Kata adverba kekerapan* Kami menggunakan kata keterangan kekerapan untuk menyatakan *kekerapan kami melakukan sesuatu atau kekerapan perkara berlaku.* "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Mereka biasanya *sebelum kata kerja utama* , atau *antara kata bantu dan kata kerja utama* . Tetapi mereka datang *selepas kata kerja menjadi* . Kita boleh menggunakan beberapa kata keterangan kekerapan *pada permulaan atau akhir* ayat untuk penegasan. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

sentiasa

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Saya sentiasa menyiapkan kerja rumah saya.

Do you always come here?

Adakah anda selalu datang ke sini?

usually

biasanya

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Dia biasanya menepati masa.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Mereka biasanya menonton televisyen pada waktu malam.

often

selalu

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Awak selalu minta tolong saya.

sometimes

kadang-kadang

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Kadang-kadang kami pergi ke sekolah menaiki bas.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Adakah anda kadang-kadang merokok?

never

tidak pernah

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Saya tidak pernah merokok.

I never get up early.

Saya tidak pernah bangun awal.

You always smile.

Awak sentiasa tersenyum.

hardly ever

jarang sekali

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

Mereka hampir tidak pernah bermain di luar rumah pada musim sejuk.

*Dalam, pada atau pada?* *In* , *on* , dan *at* adalah semua contoh preposisi yang mempunyai pelbagai tujuan. Mereka mampu menunjukkan hubungan kepada masa dan tempat, bergantung pada cara anda menggunakannya. Mula-mula mari kita lihat tiga preposisi ini sebagai *preposisi masa* . "In"biasanya digunakan untuk mewakili jumlah masa yang tidak spesifik atau tempoh masa yang lebih umum yang tidak khusus. cth: "I like to swim in the summer." "On"merujuk kepada tarikh tertentu. cth: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At"menunjukkan masa tertentu. cth: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

pada hari Isnin

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Saya akan datang pada hari Isnin.

on the weekend

pada hujung minggu

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

pada hari ke-15

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

pada 15 April

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Dia akan datang pada 15 April.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

pada musim sejuk

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

pergi bermain ski

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Saya pergi bermain ski pada musim sejuk.

in the morning

pada waktu pagi

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Saya lahir pada tahun 1996.

in the future

pada masa hadapan

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Filem itu bermula pada pukul 7.

Meet me at 12.

Jumpa saya pada pukul 12.

at the moment

buat masa ini

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

buat masa ini tidak

*Di rumah atau di pawagam?* "In", "on"dan "at"sebagai preposisi tempat: *Dalam* biasanya merujuk kepada sesuatu yang berada di dalam ruang tertutup daripada beberapa jenis, atau dalam ruang yang lebih besar. "in the car" "in France" "in the center" *Hidup* biasanya menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu terletak di atas sesuatu yang lain, atau tempat yang lebih khusus di kawasan yang lebih besar. "on the table" "on Main Street" *At* boleh digunakan untuk menunjukkan titik tertentu. Ia adalah yang paling khusus daripada tiga kata depan untuk menunjukkan tempat tertentu. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

di rumah

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Awak ada di rumah ke?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Saya duduk di rumah pada hujung minggu.

at the store

di kedai

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Kami sedang berada di kedai sekarang.

in the car

di dalam kereta

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

Dia sedang duduk di dalam kereta.

I live in Germany.

Saya tinggal di Jerman.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Jumpa saya pukul 12 di pusat bandar.

on the table

di atas meja

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Kunci-kunci itu ada di atas meja.

on the field

di padang

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Mereka berada di padang bola sepak.

*Past simple – soalan* Kita boleh menggunakan soalan mudah lepas untuk bertanya tentang masa lalu. Gunakan "did"dan *kata kerja* , tetapi *jangan tukar kata kerja kepada bentuk lalu.* Ini kerana "did"sudah menunjukkan masa lalu, jadi kata kerja utama kekal dalam bentuk infinitifnya. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Kita boleh membuat soalan lampau dengan menggunakan *kata tanya + lakukan* . "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Adakah anda sudah melakukannya?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Apa yang awak buat?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Adakah dia tinggal?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Adakah anda merokok?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Di mana awak beli itu?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Adakah mereka sampai tepat pada masanya?

When did they arrive?

Bilakah mereka sampai?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Adakah dia menonton televisyen?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Di manakah anda tinggal?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Kata ganti nama tak tentu* "Something"dan "anything"mempunyai makna yang sama dan merujuk kepada *beberapa benda/benda tidak bernyawa* , tetapi satu digunakan dalam ayat positif dan satu lagi dalam negatif. "Something"bermaksud sesuatu yang tidak diketahui. Ia digunakan dalam *ayat positif.* "Anything"bermaksud sesuatu dalam *apa jua bentuk.* Gunakannya dalam *soalan* dan *ayat negatif.* Ia juga boleh digunakan untuk bermaksud "I don't mind."

something

sesuatu

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

sesuatu untuk dimakan

I will bring something to eat.

something else

sesuatu yang lain

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Ada apa-apa lagi?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

lebih daripada segala-galanya

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Ada apa-apa yang boleh saya bantu?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

rindu

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Ada sesuatu yang tidak kena.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Saya sanggup buat apa sahaja.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Jom kita buat sesuatu.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Bagaimana anda menggambarkan diri anda?* Apakah kekuatan dan kelemahan anda? Mari belajar beberapa perkataan berguna untuk menggambarkan personaliti anda (atau orang lain)!

She's funny.

Dia kelakar.

easy-going

santai

She is very easy-going.

friendly

mesra

They were friendly to me.

generous

pemurah

She is generous with her money.

honest

jujur

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

panas baran

She is so moody!

lazy

malas

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

sopan

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

pemalu

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

rajin

The students are hard-working.

wise

bijak

She seems kind and wise.

*Kata kerja statif* Kata kerja statif digunakan untuk aktiviti yang kita (atau objek) tidak dapat lakukan secara aktif (dengan menggerakkan badan, dsb.). *Kata kerja statif tidak mengubah keadaannya.* Beberapa kata kerja statif ialah: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Saya tahu!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Awak kenal dia?

Do you know him well?

to love

mencintai

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Dia sayang akan kucingnya.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Adakah awak sayangkan saya?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

membenci

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

bayam itu

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Mereka benci bayam.

My children hate spinach.

to want

mahu

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Awak nak kopi?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Saya mahu pergi.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Dia nampak baik.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Ia nampak mudah.

This exercise seems easy.

*Saya suka belajar bahasa Inggeris!* Dengan kata kerja "like"terdapat dua cara untuk meletakkan kata kerja selepasnya. "LIKE"+ "to"+ infinitif "I like to sleep." "LIKE"+ *kata kerja* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Secara umum tidak ada perbezaan dalam makna, walaupun kadangkala kita menggunakan infinitif ( "TO "+ VERB) untuk bercakap tentang tabiat atau pilihan. Walau bagaimanapun, menggunakan KATA KERJA+ "ING"adalah lebih biasa daripada menggunakan infinitif.

I like dancing.

Saya suka menari.

to read

membaca

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Saya suka membaca.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Saya suka membaca pada waktu malam.

to go to the gym

pergi ke gim

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Saya tidak suka bangun awal.

Do you like watching TV?

Adakah anda suka menonton televisyen?

to wait

menunggu

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Saya tidak suka menunggu.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Dia suka memasak.

I like to cook Asian food.

Saya suka memasak makanan Asia.

to take a selfie

berswafoto

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Kami suka berswafoto.

I like learning English.

Saya suka belajar bahasa Inggeris.

"I speak English well." "Well"ialah kata keterangan. Gunakan "well"untuk *menerangkan kata kerja, kata sifat atau kata keterangan lain.* Mari belajar beberapa kata keterangan yang berguna!

very well

sangat baik

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Dia pandai menari.

a little

sedikit

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Saya boleh bercakap sedikit bahasa Sepanyol.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

sedikit masa

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

malangnya

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

ditutup

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Malangnya, ia ditutup.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Kami ada banyak kerja yang perlu dilakukan.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

wang itu

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

banyak wang

He made a lot of money.

*A yang penting* Kadang-kadang, satu huruf boleh mengubah makna sepenuhnya! "A little"bermaksud *beberapa* tetapi apabila anda hanya menyebut "little"(tanpa *a* ), ia mempunyai makna negatif. Lihat contoh ini: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little."(Saya ada sedikit wang, jumlah yang kecil.) B: "No, very little."(tidak banyak/hampir tiada) Peraturan yang sama berlaku untuk perkataan "few". Kami menggunakan "a little"dengan *kata nama tunggal tak terkira.* Kami menggunakan "a few"dengan *kata nama boleh dikira jamak.*

a few friends

beberapa orang kawan

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

sedikit kawan

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

sebuah balang

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

beberapa balang jem

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

sedikit krim dan gula

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

sedikit masa tambahan

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

pilihan

You always have a choice.

few people

sedikit orang

Few people came to the party.

to remember

mengingati

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

beberapa perkara untuk diingati

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

*Sifar bersyarat* Bersyarat ini digunakan apabila keputusan *akan sentiasa berlaku.* Ia digunakan untuk kebenaran umum dan fakta yang tidak boleh diubah. Dalam ayat bersyarat sifar, kala dalam *kedua-dua bahagian ayat ialah hadir mudah.* Berikut adalah beberapa contoh: "If people eat too much, they get fat." "If babies are hungry, they cry." "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Kalau awak makan terlalu banyak, awak akan jadi gemuk.

to get fat

menjadi gemuk

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

sakit

the peanuts

kacang tanah

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Kalau saya makan kacang, saya akan rasa sakit.

to boil

mendidih

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

menjadi basah

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Jika anda memanaskan ais, ia akan cair.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

mencair

The snow is starting to melt.

*Past simple boleh dan tak boleh* Masa lalu yang mudah "can"ialah "could"supaya anda boleh berkata: "I could swim when I was five." Masa lalu yang mudah "can't"adalah "couldn't"seperti dalam contoh ini: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Selain itu, anda boleh menggunakan "could"dan "couldn't"membuat permintaan yang sopan. Contohnya: "Could you help me carry these bags?"

Could you help me?

Boleh anda bantu saya?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

membawa beg

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Saya tidak dapat melakukannya.

They could speak English.

Mereka boleh bercakap bahasa Inggeris.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

mencuba

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Boleh anda cuba?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

bermain catur

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Saya tidak boleh makan kacang tanah.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Boleh tolong bawakan saya kopi?

Yes, I could.

Ya, saya boleh.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*Cara menggunakan kata depan dengan* Perkataan ini "by"sangat biasa dalam bahasa Inggeris. Ia boleh digunakan dalam banyak situasi dan konteks yang berbeza. Berikut adalah beberapa contoh: 1. "by"+ tempat *: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by"+ kaedah pengangkutan* : "I go to work by car." 3. "by"+ kaedah komunikasi *: "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by"+ -ing kata kerja* : "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."