Tečaj za začetnike II (A1/A2)Angleške besede

by DuoCards

*Dobrodošli na tečaju za začetnike II!* Začnimo z glagoloma "to do" in "to make.". Pogosto ju zamenjujemo, zato se naučimo, kako ju pravilno uporabljati. "Do" se običajno nanaša na *dejanje*, medtem ko se "make" običajno nanaša na *rezultat.* Lahko na primer "do homework", "do the shopping" ali "do yoga", lahko pa "make lunch", "make plans" ali "make friends".

to make friends

skleniti prijateljstva

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

obljuba

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

obljubiti

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

enkrat na teden

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Urejam si pričesko.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

predlog

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

predlagati

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Pošalil se je.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Postiljam posteljo.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Dobro si se odrezal.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

delati načrte

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Dogovoriva se za jutri.

*Bo napeto* Naučili ste se že prihodnji čas GOING TO. Zdaj si oglejmo še *prihodnji enostavni čas*, ki ga pogosto imenujemo *čas will*. *Will* se uporablja za stvari, za katere se odločimo, da jih bomo naredili zdaj. (Hitre odločitve) *Going to* se uporablja za dogodke, ki so bili *predhodno načrtovani.* Struktura prihodnjega enostavnega časa je *subjekt + WILL + glavni glagol* npr: "You will open the door." V negativnih stavkih se sporazumevamo z won't: *will not = won't* npr: Pri vprašalnih stavkih zamenjamo predmet in WILL. Npr: "Ali boš odprl vrata?" Ne pozabite, da je modalni pomožni člen will nespremenljiv, kar pomeni, da *svoje oblike ne spreminja glede na osebo.*

I will do it.

Naredil bom.

We will see.

Bomo videli.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Ne bo je tam.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

priti

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

Zamuja.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

pravočasno

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Boste prišli pravočasno?

an umbrella

dežnik

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Vzel bom dežnik.

It will rain today.

Danes bo deževalo.

Will you open the window?

Boš odprl okno?

*Navadil sem se na to!* *Navaditi se* pomeni *biti seznanjen* ali *navajen*. *Struktura* stavka je: *predmet + glavni glagol BE + used to + predmet* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Upoštevajte, da če predmet vključuje glagol, uporabimo * obliko na -ing*. "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Vajen sem tega.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

hiter

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Navajen sem jesti hitro.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

hrup

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Navajen sem velikega hrupa.

to get up early

zgodaj vstati

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Navajen je zgodaj vstajati.

I'm used to working late.

Navajen sem delati pozno.

to watch TV

gledati televizijo

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

zvečer

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Navajeni so zvečer gledati televizijo.

a brand

znamka

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Vajena je kupovati to znamko.

Are you used to cold?

Ste navajeni na mraz?

Obstaja razlika med *be used to* in *used to*. Uporabljamo *used to + infinitive* za govor o *ponavljajočem se dejanju ali stanju v preteklosti*, ki ni več resnično.

We used to be friends.

Nekoč sva bila prijatelja.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Včasih sem vstajal zgodaj.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

delati kot

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Včasih sem delal kot učitelj.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Zvečer so gledali televizijo.

to smoke

kaditi

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Včasih sem kadil.

She used to buy this brand.

Včasih je kupovala to znamko.

long hair

dolgi lasje

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Nekoč je imel dolge lase.

*Pogostnostni prislovi* S prislovi pogostosti povemo, kako *pogosto nekaj počnemo ali kako pogosto se kaj zgodi*. "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Običajno so *pred glavnim glagolom* ali *med pomožnim in glavnim glagolom*. Lahko pa se pojavijo tudi *za glagolom biti*. Nekatere pogostnostne prislove lahko uporabimo *na začetku ali na koncu* stavka za poudarjanje. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

vedno

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Vedno delam domače naloge.

Do you always come here?

Ali vedno hodiš sem?

usually

običajno

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Običajno pride pravočasno.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Zvečer običajno gledajo televizijo.

often

pogosto

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Pogosto me prosiš za pomoč.

sometimes

včasih

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Včasih se v šolo peljemo z avtobusom.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Ali včasih kadiš?

never

nikoli

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Nikoli ne kadim.

I never get up early.

Nikoli ne vstajam zgodaj.

You always smile.

Vedno se smejiš.

hardly ever

malokdaj

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

Pozimi se skoraj nikoli ne igrajo zunaj.

*V, na ali na?* *In*, *on* in *at* so primeri predlogov, ki imajo več namenov. Pokažejo lahko tako časovno kot krajevno razmerje, odvisno od tega, kako jih uporabimo. Najprej si oglejmo te tri predložke kot *predložke časa*. "In" se običajno uporabljajo za predstavitev nedoločenega časa ali splošnejšega časovnega obdobja, ki ni specifično. Na primer: "I like to swim in the summer." "On" se nanaša na določen datum. Npr.: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At" označuje določen čas. npr: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

v ponedeljek

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Prišel bom v ponedeljek.

on the weekend

med vikendom

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

petnajstega

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

15. aprila

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Pride 15. aprila.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

pozimi

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

iti smučat

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Pozimi hodim smučat.

in the morning

zjutraj

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Rodil sem se leta 1996.

in the future

v prihodnosti

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Film se začne ob sedmih.

Meet me at 12.

Dobiva se ob dvanajstih.

at the moment

trenutno

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

trenutno ne

*Doma ali v kinu?* "In", "on" in "at" kot prislovi kraja: *V* se običajno nanašajo na nekaj, kar je v nekem zaprtem prostoru ali v večjem prostoru. "in the car" "in France" "in the center" *On* običajno pomeni, da je nekaj na vrhu nečesa drugega ali na nekem bolj specifičnem mestu v večjem prostoru. "on the table" "on Main Street" *Na* se lahko uporablja za prikaz določene točke. To je najbolj specifičen od treh predlogov za označevanje določenega kraja. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

doma

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Si doma?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Čez vikend bom ostal doma.

at the store

v trgovini

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Trenutno sva v trgovini.

in the car

v avtu

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

Sedi v avtu.

I live in Germany.

Živim v Nemčiji.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Dobiva se ob dvanajstih v centru.

on the table

na mizi

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Ključi so na mizi.

on the field

na igrišču

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Na nogometnem igrišču so.

*Pretekli enostavni čas - vprašanja* Z vprašanji v pretekliku lahko sprašujemo o preteklosti. Uporabite "did" in *glagol*, vendar *glagola ne spreminjajte v pretekli obliki.* "did" namreč že prikazuje preteklost, zato glavni glagol ostane v nedoločniški obliki. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Vprašanja v pretekliku lahko tvorimo tako, da uporabimo *vprašalno besedo + did*. "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Si to naredil?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Kaj si naredil?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Je ostal?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Si kadil?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Kje si to kupil?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Sta prispela pravočasno?

When did they arrive?

Kdaj so prispeli?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Ali je gledala televizijo?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Kje ste živeli?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Nedoločni zaimki* "Something" in "anything" imata enak pomen in se nanašata na *neko stvar/neživi predmet*, vendar se eden uporablja v pozitivnih stavkih, drugi pa v negativnih. "Something" pomeni stvar, ki je neznana. Uporablja se v *pozitivnih stavkih.* "Anything" pomeni stvar *kakršne koli vrste.* Uporabite ga v *vprašanjih* in *negativnih stavkih.* Lahko se uporablja tudi v pomenu "I don't mind."

something

nekaj

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

nekaj za pod zob

I will bring something to eat.

something else

nekaj drugega

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Še kaj?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

bolj kot karkoli drugega

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Lahko kaj storim?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

manjkati

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Nekaj manjka.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Naredil bom karkoli.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Narediva kaj.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Kako bi se opisali? * Katere so vaše prednosti in slabosti? Naučimo se nekaj uporabnih besed za opis vaše (ali tuje) osebnosti!

She's funny.

Zabavna je.

easy-going

sproščen

She is very easy-going.

friendly

prijazen

They were friendly to me.

generous

velikodušen

She is generous with her money.

honest

pošten

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

razpoloženjski

She is so moody!

lazy

lenoben

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

vljuden

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

plah

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

marljiv

The students are hard-working.

wise

moder

She seems kind and wise.

*Stavčni glagoli* Stavčni glagoli se uporabljajo za dejavnosti, ki jih mi (ali predmeti) ne moremo aktivno opraviti (z gibanjem telesa itd.). *Stavčni glagoli ne spreminjajo svojega stanja.* Nekateri stativni glagoli so: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Vem!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Ga poznaš?

Do you know him well?

to love

ljubiti

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Ona ljubi svojo mačko.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Ali me imaš rad?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

sovražiti

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

špinača

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Ne marajo špinače.

My children hate spinach.

to want

želeti

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Ali želiš kavo?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Želim iti.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Zdi se prijazen.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Zdi se lahko.

This exercise seems easy.

*Všeč mi je učenje angleščine!* Za glagolom "like" lahko na dva načina postavimo glagol. "LIKE" + "to" + nedoločnik "I like to sleep." "LIKE" + *glagol* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Na splošno ni razlike v pomenu, čeprav včasih uporabljamo nedoločnik ("TO "+ glagol), ko govorimo o navadah ali izbirah. Vendar je uporaba VERBA +"ING" pogostejša kot uporaba nedoločnika.

I like dancing.

Rad plešem.

to read

brati

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Rad berem.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Zvečer rad berem.

to go to the gym

hoditi v fitnes

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Ne maram vstajati zgodaj.

Do you like watching TV?

Ali rad gledaš televizijo?

to wait

čakati

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Ne maram čakati.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Rada kuha.

I like to cook Asian food.

Rad kuham azijsko hrano.

to take a selfie

narediti selfi

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Radi delamo selfije.

I like learning English.

Rad se učim angleško.

"I speak English well." "Well" je prislov. Za *opis glagola, pridevnika ali drugega prislova*uporabite "well". Naučimo se nekaj uporabnih prislovov!

very well

zelo dobro

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Dobro pleše.

a little

malo

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Malo govorim špansko.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

malo časa

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

na žalost

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

biti zaprt

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Na žalost je zaprto.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Veliko moramo postoriti.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

denar

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

veliko denarja

He made a lot of money.

*Pomemben A* Včasih lahko ena sama črka popolnoma spremeni pomen! "A little" pomeni *nekaj*, če pa rečemo samo "little" (brez *a*), ima negativen pomen. Oglejte si ta primer: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little." (Imam nekaj denarja, majhno količino.) B: "No, very little." (ne veliko/ skoraj nič) Enako pravilo velja za besedo "few". Besedo "a little" uporabljamo s *samostalniki v ednini brez števnika.* Besedo "a few" uporabljamo z *množinskimi števnimi samostalniki.*

a few friends

nekaj prijateljev

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

malo prijateljev

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

kozarac

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

nekaj kozarcev marmelade

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

malo smetane in sladkorja

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

malo dodatnega časa

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

izbira

You always have a choice.

few people

malo ljudi

Few people came to the party.

to remember

zapomniti si

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

nekaj stvari, ki si jih je treba zapomniti

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

Ta pogoj se uporablja, ko se rezultat *vedno zgodi.* Uporablja se za splošne resnice in nespremenljiva dejstva. V stavkih z ničelnim pogojem je čas v *obeh delih stavka preprosti sedanjik.* Tukaj je nekaj primerov:

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Če se preveč naješ, se zrediš.

to get fat

rediti se

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

biti bolan

the peanuts

arašidi

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Če jem arašide, mi postane slabo.

to boil

vreti

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

premočiti se

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Če led segreješ, se stali.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

stopiti

The snow is starting to melt.

*Pretekli obrazi can in can't* Pretekli enostavčni obrazec "can" je "could", zato lahko rečete: "I could swim when I was five." Pretekli enostavčni izraz "can't" is "couldn't", kot je v tem primeru: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Poleg tega lahko uporabljate "could" in "couldn't" za izražanje vljudnostnih prošenj. Na primer: "Ali mi lahko pomagaš odnesti te torbe?"

Could you help me?

Mi lahko pomagate?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

nositi torbo

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Tega nisem mogel storiti.

They could speak English.

Znali so govoriti angleško.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

poskusiti

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Lahko poskusiš?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

igrati šah

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Nisem mogel jesti arašidov.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Mi lahko prinesete kavo?

Yes, I could.

Da, lahko bi.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

Beseda "by" je v angleščini zelo pogosta. Uporablja se lahko v številnih različnih situacijah in kontekstih. Tukaj je nekaj primerov: 1. "by" + kraj*: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by" + način prevoza*: "I go to work by car." 3. "by" + način komunikacije*: "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by" + -ing glagol*: "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."