Kurs za početnike II (A1/A2)Engleske reči

by DuoCards

*Добродошли на Курс за почетнике II!* Почнимо са глаголима "to do", а "to make."они се често мешају, па хајде да научимо како да их правилно користимо. "Do"обично се односи на *радњу* , док "make"се генерално односи на *резултат.* Можете на пример "do homework", "do the shopping", или "do yoga", али ви "make lunch", "make plans", или "make friends".

to make friends

steći prijatelje

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

obećanje

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

dati obećanje

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

jednom nedeljno

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Pravim frizuru.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

predlog

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

dati predlog

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Našalio se.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Namještam krevet.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Dobro si to uradio.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

praviti planove

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Hajde da napravimo planove za sutra.

*Воља напета* Већ сте научили будуће време ГОИНГ ТО. Хајде сада да погледамо *Футур Симпле време* , које се често назива *време воље* . *Воља* се користи за ствари које сада одлучимо да урадимо. (Брзе одлуке) *Одлазак на* се користи за означавање догађаја који су *претходно планирани.* Структура времена Футуре Симпле је *субјекат + ВОЉА + главни глагол* на пример: "You will open the door." У одричним реченицама се слажемо са неће: *неће = неће* на пример: "She won't do it." За упитне реченице мењамо субјекат и ВОЉА. на пример: "Will you open the door?" Запамтите, модална помоћна воља је непроменљива, што значи *да особа не мења свој облик.*

I will do it.

Uradiću to.

We will see.

Videćemo.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Ona neće biti tamo.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

stići

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

Zakasniće.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

na vreme

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Hoćeš li stići na vreme?

an umbrella

kišobran

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Uzeću kišobran.

It will rain today.

Danas će padati kiša.

Will you open the window?

Hoćeš li otvoriti prozor?

*Навикла сам на то!* *Бити навикнут* значи *бити упознат* или *бити навикнут на* . *Структура* реченице је: *субјекат + главни глагол БЕ + употребљен на + објекат* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Имајте на уму да ако објекат укључује глагол, користимо *облик -инг* . "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Navikao sam na to.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

brzo

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Navikao sam da jedem brzo.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

buka

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Navikao sam na veliku buku.

to get up early

ustati rano

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Navikao je da rano ustaje.

I'm used to working late.

Navikao sam da radim kasno.

to watch TV

gledati televiziju

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

uveče

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Navikli su da gledaju televiziju uveče.

a brand

brend

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Navikla je da kupuje ovu marku.

Are you used to cold?

Da li ste navikli na hladnoću?

*„Бити навикнут“ није „навикнут“* Постоји разлика између *„be used to“* и *„used to“* . Користимо *„used to“ + инфинитив* да бисмо говорили о *поновљеној радњи или стању у прошлости* које више не важи. "I used to come here as a child." "Did you use to come here as a child?" "She used to eat meat, but now she's a vegetarian."

We used to be friends.

Nekada smo bili prijatelji.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Ranije sam ustajao rano.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

raditi kao

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Radio sam kao učitelj.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Gledali su televiziju uveče.

to smoke

pušiti

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Ranije sam pušio.

She used to buy this brand.

Kupovala je ovu marku.

long hair

duga kosa

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Nekada je imao dugu kosu.

*Прилози за фреквенцију* Користимо прилоге учесталости да кажемо *колико често радимо ствари или колико често се ствари дешавају.* "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Обично су *испред главног глагола* , или *између помоћног и главног глагола* . Али долазе *после глагола бити* . За истицање можемо користити неке прилоге учесталости *на почетку или на крају* реченице. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

uvek

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Uvek radim domaći zadatak.

Do you always come here?

Dolazite li uvek ovde?

usually

obično

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Obično dolazi na vreme.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Obično gledaju televiziju uveče.

often

često

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Često me pitaš za pomoć.

sometimes

ponekad

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Ponekad idemo u školu autobusom.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Da li nekada pušite?

never

nikada

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Nikada ne pušim.

I never get up early.

Nikada ne ustajem rano.

You always smile.

Uvek se smeješ.

hardly ever

retko kada

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

Zimi se skoro nikada ne igraju napolju.

*У, на или код?* *У* , *на* и *код* су примери предлога који служе вишеструким сврхама. Они могу да покажу однос и према времену и према месту, у зависности од тога како их користите. Прво, погледајмо ова три предлога као *предлоге времена* . "In"обично се користи за представљање неодређеног временског периода или општијег временског периода који није специфичан. нпр.: "I like to swim in the summer." "On"односи се на одређени датум. нпр.: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At"указује на одређено време. нпр.: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

u ponedeljak

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Dolazim u ponedeljak.

on the weekend

za vikend

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

petnaestog

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

15. aprila

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Ona dolazi petnaestog aprila.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

zimi

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

ići na skijanje

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Zimi idem na skijanje.

in the morning

ujutru

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Rođen sam 1996. godine.

in the future

u budućnosti

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Film počinje u 7.

Meet me at 12.

Nađimo se u 12.

at the moment

trenutno

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

ne u ovom trenutku

*Код куће или у биоскопу?* "In", "on"и "at"као предлози места: *Обично* се односи на нешто што се налази унутар неког затвореног простора или у већем простору. "in the car" "in France" "in the center" *Обично* означава да се нешто налази на врху нечег другог или негде конкретније у већем подручју. "on the table" "on Main Street" *Предлог „at“* се може користити за означавање одређене тачке. То је најспецифичнији од три предлога за означавање одређеног места. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

kod kuće

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Jesi li kod kuće?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Ostajem kod kuće vikendom.

at the store

u prodavnici

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Trenutno smo u prodavnici.

in the car

u kolima

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

On sedi u kolima.

I live in Germany.

Živim u Nemačkoj.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Nađimo se u 12 u centru.

on the table

na stolu

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Ključevi su na stolu.

on the field

na terenu

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Oni su na fudbalskom terenu.

*Прошло време – питања* Можемо користити питања у једноставном прошлом времену (pass simple) да бисмо питали о прошлости. Користимо "did"глагол и *глагол* , али *немојте мењати глагол у прошлост.* То је зато што "did"већ показује прошлост, па главни глагол остаје у свом инфинитиву. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Можемо формирати питања у прошлом времену користећи *упитну реч + did* . "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Jesi li to uradio?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Šta si uradio?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Da li je ostao?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Jesi li pušio?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Gde si to kupio?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Da li su stigli na vreme?

When did they arrive?

Kada su stigli?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Da li je gledala televiziju?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Gde ste živeli?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Неодређене заменице* "Something"и "anything"има исто значење и односи се на *неку ствар/неживи предмет* , али се једно користи у позитивним реченицама, а друго у одричним. "Something"означава нешто што је непознато. Користи се у *позитивним реченицама.* "Anything"значи ствар *било које врсте.* Користите га у *питањима* и *одричним реченицама.* Такође се може користити у значењу "I don't mind."..

something

nešto

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

nešto za jelo

I will bring something to eat.

something else

nešto drugo

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Još nešto?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

više od bilo čega

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Mogu li nešto da učinim?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

nedostajati

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Nešto nedostaje.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Uradiću bilo šta.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Hajde da uradimo nešto.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Како бисте описали себе?* шта су твоје снаге и слабости? Хајде да научимо неке корисне речи да опишемо вашу (или нечију) личност!

She's funny.

Ona je zabavna.

easy-going

опуштен

She is very easy-going.

friendly

prijateljski

They were friendly to me.

generous

velikodušan

She is generous with her money.

honest

pošten

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

ćudljiv

She is so moody!

lazy

lenj

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

učtiv

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

stidljiv

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

vredan

The students are hard-working.

wise

mudar

She seems kind and wise.

*Глаголи стања* Стативни глаголи се користе за активности које ми (или објекти) не можемо активно да обављамо (померањем тела итд.). *Стативни глаголи не мењају своја стања.* Неки од стативних глагола су: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Znam!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Poznaješ li ga?

Do you know him well?

to love

voleti

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Ona voli svoju mačku.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Voliš li me?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

mrzeti

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

spanać

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Oni mrze spanać.

My children hate spinach.

to want

želeti

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Želite li kafu?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Želim da idem.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Deluje fino.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Deluje lako.

This exercise seems easy.

*Волим да учим енглески!* Код глагола "like"постоје два начина да се стави глагол после њега. "LIKE"+ "to"+ инфинитив "I like to sleep." "LIKE"+ *глагол* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Генерално, нема разлике у значењу, мада понекад користимо инфинитив ( "TO "+ ГЛАГОЛ) да бисмо говорили о навикама или изборима. Међутим, употреба ГЛАГОЛА+ "ING"је чешћа од употребе инфинитива.

I like dancing.

Volim da plešem.

to read

čitati

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Volim da čitam.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Volim da čitam uveče.

to go to the gym

ići u teretanu

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Ne volim rano da ustajem.

Do you like watching TV?

Da li volite da gledate televiziju?

to wait

čekati

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Ne volim da čekam.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Ona voli da kuva.

I like to cook Asian food.

Volim da kuvam azijsku hranu.

to take a selfie

napraviti selfi

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Volimo da pravimo selfije.

I like learning English.

Volim da učim engleski.

"I speak English well." "Well"је прилог. Користи се "well"за *описивање глагола, придева или другог прилога.* Хајде да научимо неке корисне прилоге!

very well

vrlo dobro

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Ona dobro pleše.

a little

malo

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Govorim malo španski.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

malo vremena

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

nažalost

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

biti zatvoren

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Nažalost, zatvoreno je.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Imamo mnogo posla.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

novac

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

mnogo novca

He made a lot of money.

*Важно А* Понекад, једно слово може потпуно променити значење! "A little"значи *нешто* , али када само кажете "little"(без „ *а“* ), има негативно значење. Погледајте овај пример: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little."(Имам нешто новца, малу количину.) Б: "No, very little."(не много/скоро ништа) Исто правило важи и за реч "few". Користимо је "a little"са *небројивим именицама у једнини.* Користимо је "a few"са *бројивим именицама у множини.*

a few friends

nekoliko prijatelja

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

malo prijatelja

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

tegla

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

nekoliko tegli džema

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

malo pavlake i šećera

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

malo dodatnog vremena

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

izbor

You always have a choice.

few people

malo ljudi

Few people came to the party.

to remember

zapamtiti

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

nekoliko stvari koje treba zapamtiti

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

*Нулти условни* Овај кондиционал се користи када *ће се резултат увек десити.* Користи се за опште истине и непроменљиве чињенице. У реченицама са нултим кондиционалом, време у *оба дела реченице је једноставно презент.* Ево неколико примера: "If people eat too much, they get fat." "If babies are hungry, they cry." "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Ako previše jedeš, ugojićeš se.

to get fat

udebljati se

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

biti bolestan

the peanuts

kikiriki

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Kada jedem kikiriki, bude mi loše.

to boil

kuvati se

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

pokisnuti

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Ako zagrejete led, on se topi.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

otopiti se

The snow is starting to melt.

*Паст симпле од може и не може* Прошло једноставно "can"је "could"тако да можете рећи: "I could swim when I was five." Паст симпле оф "can't"је "couldn't"као у овом примеру: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Осим тога, можете користити "could"и "couldn't"да упутите љубазне захтеве. На пример: "Could you help me carry these bags?"

Could you help me?

Možete li mi pomoći?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

nositi torbu

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Nisam mogao to da uradim.

They could speak English.

Umeju da govore engleski.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

probati

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Možete li da probate?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

igrati šah

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Nisam mogao da jedem kikiriki.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Možete li mi doneti kafu?

Yes, I could.

Da, mogao bih.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*Како се користи предлог од стране* Реч "by"је веома честа у енглеском језику. Може се користити у много различитих ситуација и контекста. Ево неколико примера: 1. "by"+ место *: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by"+ начин транспорта* : "I go to work by car." 3. "by"+ начин комуникације *: "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by"+ -ing глагол* : "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."