Kozi kwa wanaoanza II (A1/A2)Maneno ya Kiingereza

by DuoCards

*Karibu kwenye Kozi ya Wanaoanza II!* Tuanze na vitenzi "to do"na "to make."mara nyingi huchanganyikiwa, kwa hivyo tujifunze jinsi ya kuvitumia kwa usahihi. "Do"kwa kawaida hurejelea *kitendo* , huku "make"kwa ujumla hurejelea *matokeo.* Unaweza kwa mfano "do homework", "do the shopping"au "do yoga", lakini wewe "make lunch""make plans", au "make friends".

to make friends

kufanya urafiki

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

ahadi

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

kuweka ahadi

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

mara moja kwa wiki

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Ninatengeneza nywele zangu.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

pendekezo

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

kutoa pendekezo

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Alitania.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Natandika kitanda changu.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Ulifanya vizuri.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

kupanga mipango

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Tupange mipango ya kesho.

*Je, wasiwasi* Tayari umejifunza wakati ujao ITAENDELEA. Sasa hebu tuangalie *wakati wa Futur Rahisi* , ambao mara nyingi huitwa *wakati wa mapenzi* . *Wosia* unatumika kwa mambo ambayo tunaamua kufanya sasa. (Maamuzi ya Haraka) *Kwenda* hutumiwa kurejelea matukio ambayo *yamepangwa hapo awali.* Muundo wa Wakati Ujao Rahisi ni *somo + WILL + kitenzi kikuu* kwa mfano: "You will open the door." Katika sentensi hasi, sisi mkataba na si: *si = si* kwa mfano: "She won't do it." Kwa sentensi za swali, tunabadilisha mada na WILL. kwa mfano: "Will you open the door?" Kumbuka, wosia msaidizi wa modali hauwezi kubadilika, ambayo inamaanisha *kuwa haibadilishi umbo lake na mtu.*

I will do it.

Nitafanya hivyo.

We will see.

Tutaona.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Hatawepo hapo.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

kufika

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

Atachelewa kufika.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

kwa wakati

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Je, utafika kwa wakati?

an umbrella

mwavuli

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Nitachukua mwavuli.

It will rain today.

Leo itanyesha mvua.

Will you open the window?

Je, unaweza kufungua dirisha?

*Nimezoea!* *Kutumiwa* kumaanisha *kufahamu* au *kuzoea* . *Muundo* wa sentensi ni: *kiima + kitenzi kikuu BE + kinachotumiwa + kudhamiria* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Kumbuka kwamba ikiwa kitu kinahusisha kitenzi, tunatumia *-ing form* . "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Nimezoea.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

haraka

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Nimezoea kula haraka.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

kelele

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Nimezoea kelele nyingi.

to get up early

kuamka mapema

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Amezoea kuamka mapema.

I'm used to working late.

Nimezoea kufanya kazi hadi usiku.

to watch TV

kutazama televisheni

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

jioni

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Wamezoea kutazama televisheni jioni.

a brand

chapa

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Amezoea kununua chapa hii.

Are you used to cold?

Je, umezoea baridi?

*'Kuzoea' si 'kuzoea'* Kuna tofauti kati ya *kutumika kwa* na *kutumika kwa* . Tunatumia *kutumika kwa + infinitive* kuzungumzia *kitendo au hali inayojirudia katika siku za nyuma* ambayo si kweli tena. "I used to come here as a child." "Did you use to come here as a child?" "She used to eat meat, but now she's a vegetarian."

We used to be friends.

Tulikuwa marafiki.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Nilikuwa niamke mapema.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

kufanya kazi kama

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Nilikuwa nikifanya kazi kama mwalimu.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Walikuwa wakitazama televisheni jioni.

to smoke

kuvuta sigara

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Nilikuwa nikivuta sigara.

She used to buy this brand.

Alikuwa akinunua chapa hii.

long hair

nywele ndefu

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Alikuwa na nywele ndefu.

*Vielezi vya mzunguko* Tunatumia vielezi vya marudio kusema *mara ngapi tunafanya mambo, au mara ngapi mambo hutokea.* "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Kwa kawaida huwa *kabla ya kitenzi kikuu* , au *kati ya kitenzi kisaidizi na kikuu* . Lakini huja *baada ya kitenzi kuwa* . Tunaweza kutumia baadhi ya vielezi vya marudio *mwanzoni au mwisho* wa sentensi kwa msisitizo. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

kila mara

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Mimi hufanya kazi zangu za nyumbani kila wakati.

Do you always come here?

Je, huwa unakuja hapa kila mara?

usually

kawaida

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Kwa kawaida yeye huwa anafika kwa wakati.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Kwa kawaida hutazama televisheni jioni.

often

mara kwa mara

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Mara nyingi unaniomba msaada.

sometimes

wakati mwingine

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Wakati mwingine tunakwenda shuleni kwa basi.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Je, huwa unavuta sigara wakati mwingine?

never

kamwe

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Sivuti sigara kamwe.

I never get up early.

Siamki mapema kamwe.

You always smile.

Wewe hutabasamu kila wakati.

hardly ever

mara chache sana

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

Wao karibu hawachezi nje wakati wa baridi.

*Ndani, juu au saa?* *Katika* , *juu* , na *katika* yote ni mifano ya viambishi vinavyotimiza madhumuni mengi. Vina uwezo wa kuonyesha uhusiano na wakati na mahali, kulingana na jinsi unavyovitumia. Kwanza hebu tuangalie viambishi hivi vitatu kama *viambishi vya wakati* . "In"kwa kawaida hutumika kuwakilisha muda usio maalum au kipindi cha muda cha jumla ambacho si maalum. mfano: "I like to swim in the summer." "On"inarejelea tarehe maalum. mfano: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At"inaonyesha wakati maalum. mfano: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

Jumatatu

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Nitakuja Jumatatu.

on the weekend

mwishoni mwa juma

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

tarehe 15

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

tarehe 15 Aprili

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Anakuja tarehe 15 Aprili.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

wakati wa baridi

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

kwenda kuteleza kwenye theluji

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Mimi huenda kuteleza kwenye theluji wakati wa baridi.

in the morning

asubuhi

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Nilizaliwa mwaka wa 1996.

in the future

katika siku za usoni

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Filamu inaanza saa moja.

Meet me at 12.

Tukutane saa sita.

at the moment

kwa sasa

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

kwa sasa hapana

*Nyumbani au kwenye sinema?* "In", "on"na "at"kama viambishi vya mahali: *Kwa* kawaida hurejelea kitu kilicho ndani ya nafasi iliyofungwa ya aina fulani, au katika nafasi kubwa zaidi. "in the car" "in France" "in the center" *On* kwa kawaida huashiria kwamba kitu kiko juu ya kitu kingine, au mahali fulani maalum zaidi katika eneo kubwa zaidi. "on the table" "on Main Street" *At* inaweza kutumika kuonyesha hoja fulani. Ni kiambishi maalum zaidi kati ya viambishi vitatu vinavyoonyesha mahali maalum. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

nyumbani

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Je, uko nyumbani?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Mimi hukaa nyumbani wikendi.

at the store

dukani

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Tuko dukani kwa sasa.

in the car

ndani ya gari

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

Anakaa ndani ya gari.

I live in Germany.

Ninaishi Ujerumani.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Tukutane saa sita mchana katikati ya mji.

on the table

juu ya meza

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Funguo ziko mezani.

on the field

uwanjani

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Wako uwanjani.

*Maswali rahisi yaliyopita* Tunaweza kutumia maswali rahisi yaliyopita kuuliza kuhusu yaliyopita. Tumia "did"na *kitenzi* , lakini *usibadilishe kitenzi kuwa umbo la zamani.* Hii ni kwa sababu "did"tayari inaonyesha yaliyopita, kwa hivyo kitenzi kikuu hubaki katika umbo lake lisilo na kikomo. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Tunaweza kuuliza maswali ya wakati uliopita kwa kutumia *neno la swali + did* . "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Ulifanya hivyo?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Ulifanya nini?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Je, alibaki?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Ulivuta sigara?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Ulinunua wapi?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Je, walifika kwa wakati?

When did they arrive?

Walifika lini?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Je, alitazama televisheni?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Uliishi wapi?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Viwakilishi visivyo na kikomo* "Something"na "anything"ina maana sawa na inarejelea *kitu/kitu kisicho na uhai* , lakini kimoja kinatumika katika sentensi chanya na kingine katika sentensi hasi. "Something"inamaanisha kitu ambacho hakijulikani. Hutumika katika *sentensi chanya.* "Anything"inamaanisha kitu cha *aina yoyote.* Kitumie katika *maswali* na *sentensi hasi.* Pia kinaweza kutumika kumaanisha "I don't mind."

something

kitu fulani

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

kitu cha kula

I will bring something to eat.

something else

kitu kingine

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Kuna kitu kingine?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

zaidi ya kitu chochote

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Je, kuna lolote ninaloweza kufanya?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

kukosa

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Kuna kitu kinakosekana.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Nitafanya lolote.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Tufanye jambo fulani.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Je, unaweza kujielezaje?* Je, una nguvu na udhaifu gani? Hebu tujifunze baadhi ya maneno muhimu kuelezea utu wako (au wa mtu mwingine)!

She's funny.

Yeye ni mcheshi.

easy-going

mtulivu

She is very easy-going.

friendly

rafiki

They were friendly to me.

generous

karimu

She is generous with her money.

honest

mwaminifu

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

mwenye kubadilika badilika hisia

She is so moody!

lazy

mvivu

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

mwenye adabu

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

aibu

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

mchapakazi

The students are hard-working.

wise

mwenye hekima

She seems kind and wise.

*Vitenzi thabiti* Vitenzi thabiti hutumiwa kwa shughuli ambazo sisi (au vitu) hatuwezi kufanya kikamilifu (kwa kusonga mwili, nk). *Vitenzi thabiti havibadili hali zao.* Baadhi ya vitenzi vya hali ni: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Najua!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Je, unamfahamu?

Do you know him well?

to love

kupenda

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Anampenda paka wake.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Je, unanipenda?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

kuchukia

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

mchicha

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Wanachukia mchicha.

My children hate spinach.

to want

kutaka

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Je, unataka kahawa?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Nataka kwenda.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Anaonekana kuwa mtu mwema.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Inaonekana rahisi.

This exercise seems easy.

*Ninapenda kujifunza Kiingereza!* Kwa kitenzi "like"kuna njia mbili za kuweka kitenzi baada yake. "LIKE"+ "to"+ isiyo na kikomo "I like to sleep." "LIKE"+ *kitenzi* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Kwa ujumla hakuna tofauti katika maana, ingawa wakati mwingine tunatumia kitenzi kisicho na kifani ( "TO "+ KITENZI) kuzungumzia tabia au chaguo. Hata hivyo, kutumia KITENZI+ "ING"ni jambo la kawaida zaidi kuliko kutumia kitenzi kisicho na kifani.

I like dancing.

Ninapenda kucheza dansi.

to read

kusoma

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Napenda kusoma.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Napenda kusoma jioni.

to go to the gym

kwenda mazoezini

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Sipendi kuamka mapema.

Do you like watching TV?

Je, unapenda kutazama televisheni?

to wait

kungoja

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Sipendi kusubiri.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Anapenda kupika.

I like to cook Asian food.

Ninapenda kupika vyakula vya Asia.

to take a selfie

kupiga selfie

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Tunapenda kupiga picha za selfie.

I like learning English.

Ninapenda kujifunza Kiingereza.

"I speak English well." "Well"ni kielezi. Kitumie "well"*kuelezea kitenzi, kivumishi, au kielezi kingine.* Hebu tujifunze vielezi muhimu!

very well

vizuri sana

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Anajua kucheza vizuri.

a little

kidogo

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Ninajua Kihispania kidogo.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

muda kidogo

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

kwa bahati mbaya

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

kuwa imefungwa

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Samahani, imefungwa.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Tuna kazi nyingi za kufanya.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

pesa

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

pesa nyingi

He made a lot of money.

*A muhimu* Wakati mwingine, herufi moja inaweza kubadilisha maana kabisa! "A little"inamaanisha *baadhi* lakini unaposema tu "little"(bila *a* ), ina maana hasi. Angalia mfano huu: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little."(Nina pesa, kiasi kidogo.) B: "No, very little."(sio sana/karibu hakuna chochote) Sheria hiyo hiyo inatumika kwa neno "few". Tunatumia "a little"na *nomino zisizohesabika zenye umoja.* Tunatumia "a few"na *nomino zinazohesabika zenye wingi.*

a few friends

marafiki wachache

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

marafiki wachache

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

kopo

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

mitungi michache ya jamu

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

krimu kidogo na sukari

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

muda kidogo wa ziada

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

chaguo

You always have a choice.

few people

watu wachache

Few people came to the party.

to remember

kumbuka

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

mambo machache ya kukumbuka

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

*Masharti sifuri* Masharti haya hutumika wakati matokeo *yatatokea kila wakati.* Hutumika kwa ukweli wa jumla na ukweli usiobadilika. Katika sentensi sifuri zenye masharti, wakati katika *sehemu zote mbili za sentensi ni wakati uliopo rahisi.* Hapa kuna mifano kadhaa: "If people eat too much, they get fat." "If babies are hungry, they cry." "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Ukila sana, unanenepa.

to get fat

kunenepa

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

kuwa mgonjwa

the peanuts

karanga

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Nikila karanga, naumwa.

to boil

chemka

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

kulowa

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Ukipasha barafu moto, inayeyuka.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

yeyuka

The snow is starting to melt.

*Uliopita rahisi unaweza na hauwezi* Rahisi ya zamani "can"ni "could"kwa hivyo unaweza kusema: "I could swim when I was five." Rahisi ya zamani "can't"ni "couldn't"kama katika mfano huu: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Mbali na hilo, unaweza kutumia "could"na "couldn't"kufanya maombi ya heshima. Kwa mfano "Could you help me carry these bags?":

Could you help me?

Je, unaweza kunisaidia?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

kubeba mfuko

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Sikuweza kufanya hivyo.

They could speak English.

Waliweza kuzungumza Kiingereza.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

kujaribu

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Je, unaweza kujaribu?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

kucheza sataranji

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Sikuweza kula karanga.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Je, unaweza kuniletea kahawa?

Yes, I could.

Ndiyo, ningeweza.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*Jinsi ya kutumia kihusishi kwa* Neno hili "by"ni la kawaida sana kwa Kiingereza. Linaweza kutumika katika hali na miktadha mingi tofauti. Hapa kuna mifano kadhaa: 1. "by"+ mahali *: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by"+ njia ya usafiri* : "I go to work by car." 3. "by"+ njia ya mawasiliano *: "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by"+ -ing kitenzi* : "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."