Kurso para sa mga nagsisimula II (A1/A2)Mga salitang Ingles

by DuoCards

*Maligayang pagdating sa Course for Beginners II!* Magsimula tayo sa mga pandiwa "to do"at "to make."Madalas silang nalilito, kaya't alamin natin kung paano gamitin ang mga ito nang tama. "Do"karaniwang tumutukoy sa *aksyon* , habang "make"karaniwang tumutukoy sa *resulta.* Maaari mong halimbawa "do homework", "do the shopping", o "do yoga", ngunit ikaw "make lunch", "make plans", o "make friends".

to make friends

makipagkaibigan

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

isang pangako

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

magsagawa ng pangako

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

minsan sa isang linggo

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Inaayos ko ang buhok ko.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

isang mungkahi

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

magmungkahi

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

Nagbiro siya.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

Inaayos ko ang aking kama.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Mahusay ang ginawa mo.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

magplano

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Magplano tayo para bukas.

*Ma-tense* Natutunan mo na ang Future tense GOING TO. Ngayon tingnan natin ang *Futur Simple tense* , madalas na tinatawag na *will tense* . *Ang Will* ay ginagamit para sa mga bagay na napagpasyahan nating gawin ngayon. (Mabilis na mga Desisyon) *Ang pagpunta sa* ay ginagamit upang sumangguni sa mga kaganapan na *dati nang binalak.* Ang istraktura ng Future Simple tense ay *paksa + WILL + pangunahing pandiwa* hal: "You will open the door." Sa mga negatibong pangungusap, kinokontrata namin ang won't: *will not = won't* hal: "She won't do it." Para sa mga pangungusap na tanong, ipinagpapalit namin ang paksa at AY. hal: "Will you open the door?" Tandaan, ang modal auxiliary will ay hindi nagbabago, na nangangahulugang *hindi nito binabago ang anyo nito ng tao.*

I will do it.

Gagawin ko iyan.

We will see.

Tingnan natin.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

Wala siya roon.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

dumating

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

Darating siya nang huli.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

sa tamang oras

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

Darating ka ba sa tamang oras?

an umbrella

isang payong

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Magdadala ako ng payong.

It will rain today.

Uulan ngayong araw.

Will you open the window?

Bubuksan mo ba ang bintana?

*Sanay na ako dito!* Ang ibig sabihin *ay maging pamilyar* o *masanay* *sa* . *Ang kayarian* ng pangungusap ay: *paksa + pangunahing pandiwa BE + ginamit sa + bagay* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" Tandaan na kung ang bagay ay nagsasangkot ng isang pandiwa, ginagamit namin ang *-ing form* . "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Sanay na ako rito.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

mabilis

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Sanay akong kumain nang mabilis.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

ang ingay

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Sanay ako sa sobrang ingay.

to get up early

gumising nang maaga

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

Sanay siyang gumising nang maaga.

I'm used to working late.

Sanay akong magtrabaho nang gabi na.

to watch TV

manood ng TV

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

sa gabi

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Sanay silang manood ng TV tuwing gabi.

a brand

isang tatak

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

Sanay siyang bumili ng tatak na ito.

Are you used to cold?

Sanay ka ba sa lamig?

*Ang 'nakasanayan' ay hindi 'nakasanayan'* May pagkakaiba ang *be used to* at *used to* . Ginagamit namin *ang dating + infinitive* upang pag-usapan ang tungkol sa *paulit-ulit na aksyon o estado sa nakaraan* na hindi na totoo. "I used to come here as a child." "Did you use to come here as a child?" "She used to eat meat, but now she's a vegetarian."

We used to be friends.

Dati kaming magkaibigan.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Dati akong gumigising nang maaga.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

magtrabaho bilang

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Nagtrabaho ako bilang isang guro.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Nanonood sila ng TV tuwing gabi noon.

to smoke

manigarilyo

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Dati akong naninigarilyo.

She used to buy this brand.

Dati siyang bumibili ng brand na ito.

long hair

mahabang buhok

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Dati ay mahaba ang buhok niya.

*Pang-abay na dalas* Gumagamit kami ng mga pang-abay na dalas upang sabihin *kung gaano kadalas namin ginagawa ang mga bagay, o kung gaano kadalas nangyayari ang mga bagay.* "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Karaniwang *nauuna ang mga ito sa pangunahing pandiwa* , o *sa pagitan ng pantulong at pangunahing pandiwa* . Ngunit sila ay *kasunod ng pandiwa na maging* . Maaari tayong gumamit ng ilang pang-abay na dalas *sa simula o dulo* ng isang pangungusap para sa diin. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

palagi

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Lagi kong ginagawa ang aking takdang-aralin.

Do you always come here?

Lagi ka bang pumupunta rito?

usually

kadalasan

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

Karaniwan siyang dumarating sa tamang oras.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Karaniwan silang nanonood ng TV sa gabi.

often

madalas

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Madalas kang humihingi ng tulong sa akin.

sometimes

kung minsan

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Minsan ay sumasakay kami ng bus papuntang eskwelahan.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Naninigarilyo ka ba minsan?

never

hindi kailanman

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Hindi ako kailanman naninigarilyo.

I never get up early.

Hindi ako kailanman gumigising nang maaga.

You always smile.

Lagi kang nakangiti.

hardly ever

bihira

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

Halos hindi sila naglalaro sa labas tuwing taglamig.

*Sa, sa o sa?* *Sa* , *sa* , at *sa* ay lahat ng mga halimbawa ng mga pang-ukol na nagsisilbi ng maraming layunin. Ang mga ito ay may kakayahang magpakita ng isang relasyon sa parehong oras at lugar, depende sa kung paano mo ginagamit ang mga ito. Tingnan muna natin ang tatlong pang-ukol na ito bilang *mga pang-ukol ng oras* . "In"ay karaniwang ginagamit upang kumatawan sa isang hindi tiyak na tagal ng oras o isang mas pangkalahatang yugto ng panahon na hindi partikular. hal: "I like to swim in the summer." "On"tumutukoy sa isang tiyak na petsa. hal: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At"nagsasaad ng tiyak na oras. hal: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

sa Lunes

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Darating ako sa Lunes.

on the weekend

sa katapusan ng linggo

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

sa ika-15

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

sa ika-15 ng Abril

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

Darating siya sa ika-15 ng Abril.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

tuwing taglamig

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

mag-ski

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Nag-iiski ako tuwing taglamig.

in the morning

sa umaga

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Ipinanganak ako noong 1996.

in the future

sa hinaharap

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Magsisimula ang pelikula sa ganap na alas-siyete.

Meet me at 12.

Magkita tayo sa alas-dose.

at the moment

sa kasalukuyan

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

hindi sa ngayon

*Sa bahay o sa sinehan?* "In", "on"at "at"bilang mga preposisyon ng lugar: *Karaniwang* tumutukoy sa isang bagay na nasa loob ng isang nakapaloob na espasyo ng ilang uri, o sa isang mas malaking espasyo. "in the car" "in France" "in the center" Karaniwang isinasaad ng *On* na ang isang bagay ay nasa ibabaw ng ibang bagay, o sa isang lugar na mas partikular sa isang mas malaking lugar. "on the table" "on Main Street" *At* maaaring gamitin upang ipakita ang isang tiyak na punto. Ito ang pinakatiyak sa tatlong pang-ukol upang ipahiwatig ang isang tiyak na lugar. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

sa bahay

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Nasa bahay ka ba?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Nananatili ako sa bahay tuwing katapusan ng linggo.

at the store

sa tindahan

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Nasa tindahan kami sa sandaling ito.

in the car

sa loob ng kotse

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

Nakasakay siya sa loob ng kotse.

I live in Germany.

Nakatira ako sa Alemanya.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Magkita tayo sa sentro ng alas-dose.

on the table

nasa ibabaw ng mesa

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Nasa ibabaw ng mesa ang mga susi.

on the field

sa field

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Nasa football field sila.

*Past simple – mga tanong* Maaari nating gamitin ang mga nakaraang simpleng tanong upang magtanong tungkol sa nakaraan. Gamitin "did"at ang *pandiwa* , ngunit *huwag baguhin ang pandiwa sa nakalipas na anyo.* Ito ay dahil "did"ipinapakita na ang nakaraan, kaya ang pangunahing pandiwa ay nananatili sa anyo nitong infinitive. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" Maaari tayong gumawa ng mga past tense na tanong sa pamamagitan ng paggamit *ng salitang tanong + ginawa* . "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Ginawa mo ba iyon?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Ano ang ginawa mo?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

Nanatili ba siya?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Nanigarilyo ka ba?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Saan mo iyan binili?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Dumating ba sila sa tamang oras?

When did they arrive?

Kailan sila dumating?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

Nanonood ba siya ng TV?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Saan ka tumira?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Mga panghalip na hindi tiyak* "Something"at "anything"may parehong kahulugan at tumutukoy sa *ilang bagay/walang buhay na bagay* , ngunit ang isa ay ginagamit sa mga positibong pangungusap at ang isa sa negatibo. "Something"nangangahulugang isang bagay na hindi alam. Ginagamit ito sa *mga positibong pangungusap.* "Anything"nangangahulugang isang bagay ng *anumang uri.* Gamitin ito sa *mga tanong* at *negatibong pangungusap.* Maaari din itong gamitin sa ibig sabihin ng "I don't mind."

something

isang bagay

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

makakain

I will bring something to eat.

something else

iba pa

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Mayroon pa bang iba?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

higit sa lahat

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Mayroon ba akong magagawa?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

mangulila

I miss you.

Something is missing.

May kulang.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Gagawin ko ang lahat.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Gumawa tayo ng kahit ano.

Let's do something this weekend!

*Paano mo ilarawan ang iyong sarili?* Ano ang iyong mga kalakasan at kahinaan? Matuto tayo ng ilang kapaki-pakinabang na salita para ilarawan ang iyong (o ng ibang tao) personalidad!

She's funny.

Nakakatawa siya.

easy-going

kalmado

She is very easy-going.

friendly

palakaibigan

They were friendly to me.

generous

mapagbigay

She is generous with her money.

honest

matapat

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

sumasumpong

She is so moody!

lazy

tamad

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

magalang

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

mahiyain

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

masipag

The students are hard-working.

wise

marunong

She seems kind and wise.

*Mga pandiwang stative* Ginagamit ang mga stative na pandiwa para sa mga aktibidad na hindi natin (o mga bagay) na aktibong maisagawa (sa pamamagitan ng paggalaw ng katawan, atbp.). *Ang mga pandiwang stative ay hindi nagbabago ng kanilang mga estado.* Ilan sa mga stative verbs ay: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Alam ko!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Kilala mo ba siya?

Do you know him well?

to love

magmahal

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

Mahal niya ang kanyang pusa.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Mahal mo ba ako?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

mapoot

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

ang ispinaka

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Galit sila sa spinach.

My children hate spinach.

to want

gusto

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Gusto mo ba ng kape?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Gusto kong pumunta.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

Mukha siyang mabait.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Mukhang madali lang.

This exercise seems easy.

*Gusto kong matuto ng English!* Sa pandiwa "like"mayroong dalawang paraan ng paglalagay ng pandiwa pagkatapos nito. "LIKE"+ "to"+ pawatas "I like to sleep." "LIKE"+ *pandiwa* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Sa pangkalahatan, walang pagkakaiba sa kahulugan, kahit na minsan ay ginagamit natin ang infinitive ( "TO "+ PANDIWA) upang pag-usapan ang tungkol sa mga gawi o mga pagpipilian. Gayunpaman, ang paggamit ng VERB+ "ING"ay mas karaniwan kaysa sa paggamit ng infinitive.

I like dancing.

Gusto kong sumayaw.

to read

magbasa

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Mahilig akong magbasa.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Mahilig akong magbasa sa gabi.

to go to the gym

pumunta sa gym

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Ayaw kong gumising nang maaga.

Do you like watching TV?

Mahilig ka bang manood ng TV?

to wait

maghintay

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Ayaw kong naghihintay.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

Mahilig siyang magluto.

I like to cook Asian food.

Mahilig akong magluto ng mga pagkaing Asyano.

to take a selfie

mag-selfie

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Mahilig kaming mag-selfie.

I like learning English.

Gusto kong nag-aaral ng Ingles.

"I speak English well." "Well"ay isang pang-abay. Gamitin "well"upang *ilarawan ang isang pandiwa, pang-uri, o ibang pang-abay.* Matuto tayo ng ilang kapaki-pakinabang na pang-abay!

very well

mabuti naman

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

Magaling siyang sumayaw.

a little

konti

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Nagsasalita ako nang kaunting Kastila.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

kaunting oras

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

sa kasamaang palad

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

nakasara

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Sa kasamaang palad, sarado ito.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Marami tayong kailangang gawin.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

ang pera

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

maraming pera

He made a lot of money.

*Isang mahalagang A* Minsan, ang isang titik ay maaaring ganap na magbago ng kahulugan! "A little"ay nangangahulugang *ilan* ngunit kapag sinabi mo lang "little"(nang walang *isang* ), ito ay may negatibong kahulugan. Tingnan ang halimbawang ito: "Have you got any money?" A: "Yes, a little."(May pera ako, maliit na halaga.) B: "No, very little."(hindi gaano/halos wala) Ang parehong tuntunin ay napupunta para sa salita "few". Ginagamit namin "a little"ang *mga pangngalan na hindi mabilang.* Ginagamit namin "a few"ang *maramihang mabibilang na pangngalan.*

a few friends

ilang mga kaibigan

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

kaunting kaibigan

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

isang garapon

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

ilang garapon ng jam

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

kaunting krema at asukal

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

kaunting dagdag na oras

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

isang pagpipilian

You always have a choice.

few people

ilang tao

Few people came to the party.

to remember

tandaan

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

ilang bagay na dapat tandaan

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

*Zero conditional* Ang kondisyong ito ay ginagamit kapag ang resulta *ay palaging mangyayari.* Ginagamit ito para sa mga pangkalahatang katotohanan at hindi nababagong katotohanan. Sa mga zero conditional na pangungusap, ang panahunan sa *parehong bahagi ng pangungusap ay ang simpleng kasalukuyan.* Narito ang ilang halimbawa: "If people eat too much, they get fat." "If babies are hungry, they cry." "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Kapag kumain ka nang sobra, tataba ka.

to get fat

tumaba

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

magkasakit

the peanuts

ang mga mani

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Kapag kumakain ako ng mani, sumasama ang pakiramdam ko.

to boil

kumulo

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

mabasa

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Kapag pinainit mo ang yelo, matutunaw ito.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

matunaw

The snow is starting to melt.

*Past simple ng pwede at hindi pwede* Ang nakaraang simple ng "can"ay "could"para masabi mo: "I could swim when I was five." Ang nakaraang simple ng "can't"ay "couldn't"tulad ng sa halimbawang ito: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Bukod dito, maaari mong gamitin "could"at "couldn't"gumawa ng mga magalang na kahilingan. Halimbawa: "Could you help me carry these bags?"

Could you help me?

Maaari mo ba akong tulungan?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

magbitbit ng bag

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Hindi ko nagawa iyon.

They could speak English.

Marunong silang magsalita ng Ingles.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

subukan

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Maaari mo bang subukan?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

maglaro ng chess

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Hindi ako makakain ng mani.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Maaari mo ba akong dalhan ng kape?

Yes, I could.

Oo, kaya ko.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*Paano gamitin ang pang-ukol sa pamamagitan ng* Ang salita "by"ay karaniwan sa Ingles. Maaari itong magamit sa maraming iba't ibang sitwasyon at konteksto. Narito ang ilang halimbawa: 1. "by"+ lugar *: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by"+ paraan ng transportasyon* : "I go to work by car." 3. "by"+ paraan ng komunikasyon *: "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by"+ -ing pandiwa* : "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."