Boshlang'ich daraja uchun kurs II (A1/A2)Inglizcha so'zlar

by DuoCards

*Yangi boshlanuvchilar uchun II kursiga xush kelibsiz!* Keling, fe'llardan boshlaylik "to do"va "to make."Ular ko'pincha chalkashib ketadi, shuning uchun ularni qanday qilib to'g'ri ishlatishni bilib olaylik. "Do"odatda *harakatga* ishora qiladi, "make"odatda *natijaga ishora qiladi.* Siz masalan "do homework", "do the shopping", yoki "do yoga", lekin siz "make lunch", "make plans"yoki "make friends".

to make friends

do'stlashmoq

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

va'da

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

va'da bermoq

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

haftada bir marta

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

Sochimni turmaklayapman.

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

taklif

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

taklif kiritmoq

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

U hazillashdi.

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

O'rnimni yig'ishtiryapman.

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

Yaxshi uddaladingiz.

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

reja tuzish

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

Keling, ertangi kun uchun reja tuzamiz.

*Taranglashadi* Siz GOING TO kelajak zamonini allaqachon bilib oldingiz. Endi keling, *Futur Simple zamonni* ko'rib chiqaylik, ko'pincha *iroda zamoni* deb ataladi. *Iroda* biz hozir qilishga qaror qilgan narsalar uchun ishlatiladi. (Tezkor qarorlar) *Going to* *oldin rejalashtirilgan voqealarga murojaat qilish uchun ishlatiladi.* Future Simple zamonning tuzilishi *predmet + WILL + asosiy fe'ldir* masalan: "You will open the door." Inkor gaplarda won't bilan shartnoma tuzamiz: *will not = won't* masalan: "She won't do it." Savol jumlalari uchun biz mavzu va WILL almashamiz. masalan: "Will you open the door?" Yodda tuting, modal yordamchi iroda o‘zgarmasdir, ya’ni *u shaxs tomonidan o‘z shaklini o‘zgartirmaydi.*

I will do it.

Buni bajaraman.

We will see.

Ko'ramiz.

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

U yerda bo'lmaydi.

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

yetib kelmoq

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

U kech qoladi.

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

o'z vaqtida

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

O'z vaqtida yetib kelasizmi?

an umbrella

soyabon

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

Men soyabon olaman.

It will rain today.

Bugun yomg'ir yog'adi.

Will you open the window?

Derazani ochib yuborasizmi?

*I am used to it - Men bunga o'rganib qolganman!* *To be used to * *tanish/xabardor/xabari bor * bo‘lmoq yoki *o‘rganib/ko'nikib/odatlanib qolmoq* ma’nosini anglatadi. *Gapning tuzilishi* : *Ega + BE asosiy fe'li + used to + ob'ekt* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" E'tibor bering, agar ob'ekt fe'lni o'z ichiga olsa, biz *-ING shaklidan* foydalanamiz. "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

Men bunga o'rganib qolganman.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

tez

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

Men tez ovqatlanishga o'rganib qolganman.

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

shovqin

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

Men qattiq shovqinga o'rganib qolganman.

to get up early

vaqtli turmoq

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

U erta turishga odatlangan.

I'm used to working late.

Kechgacha ishlashga o'rganib qolganman.

to watch TV

televizor ko'rmoq

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

kechqurun

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

Ular kechqurun televizor ko'rishga odatlanishgan.

a brand

brend

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

U ushbu brendni sotib olishga o'rganib qolgan.

Are you used to cold?

Sovuqqa o'rganib qolganmisiz?

*'To be used to' is not 'used to'* *Be used to* va *used to* o'rtasida farq bor. Biz *used to + infinitive* ni *o'tmishda takrorlangan harakat yoki holat* haqida gapirish uchun ishlatamiz, bu endi haqiqat emas. "I used to come here as a child." "Did you use to come here as a child?" "She used to eat meat, but now she's a vegetarian."

We used to be friends.

Biz do'st bo'lganmiz.

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

Men barvaqt turar edim.

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

sifatida ishlamoq

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

Men o‘qituvchi bo‘lib ishlar edim.

They used to watch TV in the evening.

Ular kechqurunlari televizor ko'rishardi.

to smoke

chekish

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

Men ilgari chekar edim.

She used to buy this brand.

U ilgari ushbu brendni sotib olar edi.

long hair

uzun soch

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

Uning uzun sochlari bor edi.

*Chastotali qo‘shimchalar* *Biz ishlarni qanchalik tez-tez bajarayotganimizni yoki narsalar qanchalik tez-tez sodir bo'lishini aytish uchun chastota qo'shimchalaridan foydalanamiz.* "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" Ular odatda *asosiy fe'ldan oldin* yoki *yordamchi va asosiy fe'l orasida* bo'ladi. Lekin ular *to be fe'lidan keyin* keladi. Ta'kidlash uchun gap *boshida yoki oxirida* ba'zi chastota qo'shimchalaridan foydalanishimiz mumkin. "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

har doim

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

Men har doim uy vazifalarimni bajaraman.

Do you always come here?

Siz har doim shu yerga kelasizmi?

usually

odatda

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

U odatda vaqtida keladi.

They usually watch TV in the evening.

Ular odatda kechqurun televizor ko'rishadi.

often

tez-tez

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

Siz mendan tez-tez yordam so'rab turasiz.

sometimes

ba'zan

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

Ba'zan maktabga avtobusda boramiz.

Do you sometimes smoke?

Ba'zan chekib turasizmi?

never

hech qachon

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

Men hech qachon chekmayman.

I never get up early.

Men hech qachon vaqtli turmayman.

You always smile.

Siz har doim tabassum qilasiz.

hardly ever

kamdan-kam

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

Qishda ular tashqarida deyarli o'ynamaydilar.

*Ichkarida, yoqilgan yoki da?* *In* , *on* , va *at* barcha predloglarga bir nechta maqsadga xizmat qiluvchi misollardir. Ular siz ularni qanday ishlatishingizga qarab, vaqt va joy bilan munosabatlarni ko'rsatishga qodir. Avval ushbu uchta predlogni *vaqt predlogi* sifatida ko'rib chiqaylik. "In"odatda noaniq vaqt yoki aniq bo'lmagan umumiy vaqt oralig'ini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. masalan: "I like to swim in the summer." "On"muayyan sanaga ishora qiladi. masalan: "I’ll be home on Sunday." "At"muayyan vaqtni bildiradi. masalan: "The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

dushanba kuni

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

Dushanba kuni kelaman.

on the weekend

dam olish kunlari

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

15-kuni

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

15-aprelda

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

U 15-aprelda keladi.

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

qishda

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

chang'i uchishga borish

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

Qishda chang'i uchishga boraman.

in the morning

ertalab

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

Men 1996-yilda tug‘ilganman.

in the future

kelajakda

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

Film soat 7 da boshlanadi.

Meet me at 12.

Soat 12 da uchrashamiz.

at the moment

hozirgi vaqtda

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

hozircha emas

*Uydami yoki kinodami?* "In", "on"va "at"joy predloglari sifatida: *In* odatda qandaydir yopiq makon ichida yoki kattaroq makonda bo'lgan narsaga ishora qiladi. "in the car" "in France" "in the center" *Yonish* odatda biror narsa boshqa narsaning tepasida yoki kattaroq hududda aniqroq joyda joylashganligini bildiradi. "on the table" "on Main Street" *At* ma'lum bir nuqtani ko'rsatish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin. Muayyan joyni ko'rsatish uchun uchta predlogning eng o'ziga xosidir. "at the library" "at the store"

at home

uyda

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

Uydamisiz?

I stay at home on the weekend.

Dam olish kunlari uyda qolaman.

at the store

do'konda

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

Hozir biz do'kondamiz.

in the car

mashinada

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

U mashinada o'tiribdi.

I live in Germany.

Men Germaniyada yashayman.

Meet me at 12 in the center

Soat 12 da markazda uchrashamiz.

on the table

stolda

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

Kalitlar stolning ustida.

on the field

maydonda

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

Ular futbol maydonida.

*O'tgan oddiy - savollar* O'tmish haqida so'rash uchun o'tmishdagi oddiy savollardan foydalanishimiz mumkin. "did"va *fe'ldan* foydalaning, lekin *fe'lni o'tgan shaklga o'zgartirmang.* Buning sababi "did", allaqachon o'tmishni ko'rsatadi, shuning uchun asosiy fe'l o'zining infinitiv shaklida qoladi. "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" *+ did so‘zidan* foydalanib, o‘tgan zamon savollarini yasashimiz mumkin. "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

Buni qildingizmi?

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

Nima qildingiz?

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

U qoldimi?

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

Chekkanmidingiz?

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

Buni qayerdan sotib oldingiz?

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

Ular vaqtida kelishdimi?

When did they arrive?

Ular qachon kelishdi?

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

U televizor ko'rdimi?

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

Qayerda yashagansiz?

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

*Noaniq olmoshlar* "Something"va "anything"bir xil ma'noga ega va *ba'zi narsaga/jonsiz ob'ektga* ishora qiladi, lekin biri ijobiy jumlalarda, ikkinchisi esa inkorda ishlatiladi. "Something"noma’lum narsani bildiradi. U *ijobiy gaplarda ishlatiladi.* "Anything"*har qanday turdagi narsani anglatadi.* Undan *savol* va *salbiy jumlalarda foydalaning.* Ma'nosida ham ishlatilishi mumkin "I don't mind."

something

nimadir

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

yeyishga biror narsa

I will bring something to eat.

something else

boshqa narsa

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

Yana biror narsa bormi?

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

hamma narsadan ko'ra ko'proq

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

Buning uchun biror narsa qila olamanmi?

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

sog'inmoq

I miss you.

Something is missing.

Nimadir yetishmayapti.

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

Men har qanday narsaga tayyorman.

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

Keling, biror nima qilaylik.

Let's do something this weekend!

*O'zingizni qanday tasvirlagan bo'lardingiz?* Sizning kuchli va zaif tomonlaringiz qanday? Keling, sizning (yoki boshqa birovning) shaxsiyatingizni tasvirlash uchun foydali so'zlarni o'rganamiz!

She's funny.

U qiziqarli.

easy-going

og'ir-vazmin

She is very easy-going.

friendly

samimiy

They were friendly to me.

generous

saxiy

She is generous with her money.

honest

halol

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

kayfiyati o'zgaruvchan, fe'li o'zgaruvchan, kayfiyati yo'q

She is so moody!

lazy

dangasa

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

odobli

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

uyatchan

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

tirishqoq, mehnatkash, mehnatsevar

The students are hard-working.

wise

dono

She seems kind and wise.

*Turg‘un fe’llar* Turg'un fe'llar biz (yoki ob'ektlar) faol ravishda bajara olmaydigan harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi (tanani harakatlantirish orqali va hokazo). *Turg'un fe'llar o'z holatini o'zgartirmaydi.* Turg‘un fe’llarning ayrimlari: "know", "like", "seem", "love", "have", "want", "see"

I know!

Bilaman!

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

Uni taniysizmi?

Do you know him well?

to love

sevmoq

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

U mushugini yaxshi ko'radi.

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

Meni sevasizmi?

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

nafratlanmoq

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

ismaloq

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

Ular ismaloqni yomon ko'rishadi.

My children hate spinach.

to want

xohlamoq

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

Kofe xohlaysizmi?

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

Men bormoqchiman.

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

U yoqimli ko'rinadi.

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

Bu oson ko'rinadi.

This exercise seems easy.

*Menga ingliz tilini o'rganish yoqadi!* Fe'ldan "like"keyin fe'lni qo'yishning ikki yo'li mavjud. "LIKE"+ "to"+ infinitiv "I like to sleep." "LIKE"+ *fe'l* + "ing" "I like sleeping." Umuman olganda, ma'noda farq yo'q, garchi biz ba'zan "TO "odatlar yoki tanlovlar haqida gapirish uchun infinitiv (+ VERB) dan foydalanamiz. Biroq, "ING"infinitivdan ko'ra VERB+ dan foydalanish keng tarqalgan.

I like dancing.

Men raqsga tushishni yaxshi ko'raman.

to read

o'qimoq

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

Men o'qishni yaxshi ko'raman.

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

Kechqurun kitob o'qishni yaxshi ko'raman.

to go to the gym

sport zaliga borish

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

Erta turishni yoqtirmayman.

Do you like watching TV?

Televizor ko'rishni yoqtirasizmi?

to wait

kutmoq

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

Kutishni yomon ko'raman.

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

U ovqat pishirishni yaxshi ko'radi.

I like to cook Asian food.

Men Osiyo taomlarini pishirishni yaxshi ko'raman.

to take a selfie

selfiga tushmoq

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

Biz selfi tushishni yaxshi ko'ramiz.

I like learning English.

Ingliz tilini o'rganishni yaxshi ko'raman.

"I speak English well." "Well"ergash gapdir. "well"*Fe'l, sifat yoki boshqa qo'shimchani tasvirlash uchun foydalaning.* Keling, bir nechta foydali qo'shimchalarni bilib olaylik!

very well

juda yaxshi

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

U yaxshi raqsga tusha oladi.

a little

biroz

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

Men ispan tilida bir oz gapiraman.

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

biroz vaqt

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

afsuski

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

yopiq bo'lmoq

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

Afsuski, u yopiq.

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

Qiladigan ishlarimiz juda ko'p.

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

pul

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

ko'p pul

He made a lot of money.

*Muhim A* Ba'zida bitta harf ma'noni butunlay o'zgartirishi mumkin! "A little"*ba'zi ma'nosini* bildiradi, lekin siz shunchaki "little"( *a* holda) aytganda, u salbiy ma'noga ega. Ushbu misolga qarang: "Have you got any money?" Javob: "Yes, a little."(Menda bir oz pul bor, oz miqdorda.) B: "No, very little."(ko'p emas/deyarli hech narsa) Xuddi shu qoida so'z uchun ham amal qiladi "few". Biz "a little"*birlik sonsiz otlar bilan foydalanamiz.* Biz "a few"*ko'plik sonli otlar bilan foydalanamiz.*

a few friends

bir nechta do'stlar

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

kam do'stlar

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

banka

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

bir necha banka murabbo

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

biroz qaymoq va shakar

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

biroz qo'shimcha vaqt

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

tanlov

You always have a choice.

few people

kam odam

Few people came to the party.

to remember

eslab qolmoq

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

yodda tutish kerak bo'lgan bir nechta narsalar

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

*Nol shartli* Bu shart natija *har doim sodir bo'lganda ishlatiladi.* U umumiy haqiqatlar va o'zgarmas faktlar uchun ishlatiladi. Nol shartli gaplarda *gapning har ikki qismidagi zamon sodda hozirgi zamondir.* Mana bir nechta misollar: "If people eat too much, they get fat." "If babies are hungry, they cry." "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

If you eat too much, you get fat.

Ko'p ovqat yesangiz, semirib ketasiz.

to get fat

semirmoq

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

kasal bo'lmoq

the peanuts

yer yong'oqlar

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

Yeryong'oq yesam, o'zimni yomon his qilaman.

to boil

qaynamoq

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

ho'l bo'lmoq

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

Agar muzni qizdirsangiz, u eriydi.

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

erimoq

The snow is starting to melt.

*Past simple of can and can't* O'tgan oddiy narsa "can""could"shunday deyishingiz mumkin: "I could swim when I was five." Past simple of "can't""couldn't"bu misoldagi kabi: "I couldn’t sing as a child." Bundan tashqari, siz "could""couldn't"muloyim so'rovlar qilish uchun va foydalanishingiz mumkin. Masalan: "Could you help me carry these bags?"

Could you help me?

Menga yordam bera olasizmi?

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

sumkani ko'tarib yurmoq

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

Buni qila olmadim.

They could speak English.

Ular ingliz tilida gaplasha olishardi.

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

harakat qilib ko'rmoq

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

Buni sinab ko'ra olasizmi?

Could you at least try?

to play chess

shaxmat o'ynamoq

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

Men yer yong'oq yeya olmasdim.

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

Menga kofe olib kela olasizmi?

Yes, I could.

Ha, qila olardim.

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*by predlogdan qanday foydalanish* Bu so'z "by"ingliz tilida juda keng tarqalgan. U juda ko'p turli vaziyatlarda va kontekstlarda ishlatilishi mumkin. Mana bir nechta misollar: 1. "by"+ joy *: "The house stands by the river." 2. "by"+ tashish usuli* : "I go to work by car." 3. "by"+ aloqa usuli *: "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by"+ -ing fe'li* : "Turn on the radio by pressing the button."