初学者课程 II (A1/A2)英语单词

by DuoCards

*欢迎来到初学者课程 II！* 让我们从动词"to do" 和"to make." 开始，它们经常被混淆，所以让我们来学习如何正确使用它们。 "Do" 通常指*动作*，而"make" 一般指*结果。* 例如，您可以使用"do homework","do the shopping", 或"do yoga", 但不能使用"make lunch","make plans", 或"make friends" 。

to make friends

交朋友

I want to make friends at my new school.

a promise

一个承诺

Keep the promise!

to make a promise

许下诺言

He made a promise to his parents.

once a week

每周一次

She does yoga once a week.

I do my hair.

我在弄头发。

I have a shower, I do my hair, and I get dressed.

a suggestion

一个建议

I have a suggestion for our project.

to make a suggestion

提出建议

May I make a suggestion?

He made a joke.

他开了一个玩笑。

He made a joke about his sister’s new hairstyle.

I make my bed.

我在整理床铺。

I make my bed every morning.

You did well.

你做得很好。

You did well in your exams.

to make plans

制定计划

Let’s make plans for tomorrow.

我们来计划一下明天吧。

*Will 时态 * 你已经学会了将来时态 GOING TO。现在让我们来看看*一般将来时*，也就是常说的 Will*时态*。 *Will*用于表示我们现在决定要做的事情。(快速决定） *Going to*用于指*事先计划好*的事情。一般将来时的结构是*主语 + Will + 主动词* 例如"You will open the door." 在否定句中，我们用 won't 来表示：*will not = won't* 例如 "She won't do it." 对于疑问句，我们交换主语和 WILL。例如"Will you open the door?" 请记住，情态助词 will 是不变的，这意味着 * 它不会因人而改变形式。*

I will do it.

我会做的。

We will see.

到时候再说吧。

Are you going to the party tonight? - We will see.

She won't be there.

她不会在那儿。

She won't be there for the meeting tomorrow.

to arrive

到达

Will they arrive by noon?

He will arrive late.

他会迟到。

He will arrive late to the meeting.

on time

准时

I'm always on time.

Will you arrive on time?

你会准时到吗？

an umbrella

一把雨伞

I will bring an umbrella.

I will take an umbrella.

我会带把伞。

It will rain today.

今天会下雨。

Will you open the window?

你能开一下窗户吗？

*我已经习惯了!* *be used to*是指*熟悉*或*习惯*。这句话的*结构*是：*主语+主动词BE+used to+宾语* "I am used to hard work." "Are you used to fast food?" 注意，如果宾语涉及动词，我们就使用*-ing形式*。 "I'm used to speaking in public." "He's used to getting up early." "Are you used to eating spicy food?"

I'm used to it.

我习惯了。

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

fast

快

This car is fast.

I'm used to eating fast.

我习惯吃得很快。

I'm used to waking up early.

the noise

噪音

What is that noise?

I am used to lots of noise.

我已经习惯了吵闹的环境。

to get up early

早起

I usually get up early.

He's used to getting up early.

他习惯早起。

I'm used to working late.

我习惯加班。

to watch TV

看电视

Do you want to watch TV?

in the evening

在晚上

They are used to working in the evening.

They're used to watching TV in the evening.

他们习惯在晚上看电视。

a brand

品牌

Brand is the image of the product in the market.

She's used to buying this brand.

她习惯买这个品牌。

Are you used to cold?

你习惯寒冷吗？

“习惯于”与“过去常常”不同。 “习惯于”和“过去常常”之间是有区别的。我们使用“过去常常 + 动词不定式”来谈论过去的重复动作或状态，这些动作或状态现在已经不再真实。

We used to be friends.

我们以前是朋友。

I saw my old friend at the store today. We used to be friends, but we haven't talked in years.

I used to get up early.

我以前经常早起。

When I was a child, I used to get up early to play outside.

to work as

担任

He works as a waiter.

I used to work as a teacher.

我以前当过老师。

They used to watch TV in the evening.

他们以前常在晚上看电视。

to smoke

吸烟

Do you smoke?

I used to smoke.

我以前抽烟。

She used to buy this brand.

她以前常买这个品牌。

long hair

长发

I have long hair and he has short hair.

He used to have long hair.

他以前留过长发。

*频率副词* 我们用频率副词来表示*我们做事的频率或事情发生的频率*。 "always" "usually" "often" "sometimes" "occasionally" "hardly ever" "never" 它们通常出现在*主要动词之前*，或*介于助动词和主要动词之间*。但它们也会出现在*动词 "to be "之后*。我们可以*在句首或句尾*使用一些频率副词来强调。 "He is always smiling." "Sometimes I stay up late." "I cook Indian occasionally."

always

总是

The sun always rises in the east.

I always do my homework.

我总是做作业。

Do you always come here?

你经常来这里吗？

usually

通常

He usually arrives home about one o'clock.

He's usually on time.

他通常很准时。

They usually watch TV in the evening.

他们通常在晚上看电视。

often

经常

He often goes for long walks by himself.

You often ask me for help.

你经常向我寻求帮助。

sometimes

有时

Sometimes I want to do things on my own.

Sometimes we go to school by bus.

有时我们坐公交车去上学。

Do you sometimes smoke?

你有时抽烟吗？

never

从不

He is never ill.

I never smoke.

我从不抽烟。

I never get up early.

我从不早起。

You always smile.

你总是带着微笑。

hardly ever

很少

I hardly ever eat breakfast in the morning.

They hardly ever play outside during winter.

他们在冬天几乎不在户外玩耍。

*在、上还是在？* *在*、*上*和*在*都是多用途的介词。根据使用方式的不同，它们可以表示时间和地点的关系。首先，让我们看看这三个介词作为*时间介词*的用法。 "In" 通常用于表示不具体的时间量或不具体的较长时间段。例如："I like to swim in the summer." "On" 用于表示具体的日期。例如："I’ll be home on Sunday." "At" 表示具体的时间。例如："The movie starts at 7."

on Monday

在周一

I'll call you on Monday.

I will come on Monday.

我周一过来。

on the weekend

在周末

I won't work on the weekend.

on the 15th

在15号

I go to the dentist on the 15th.

on the 15th of April

4月15日

What are you doing on the 15th of April?

She comes on the 15th of April.

她将于4月15日到来。

She comes to visit me on the 15th of April.

in winter

在冬天

In winter there's ice and snow.

to go skiing

去滑雪

We go skiing every year.

I go skiing in winter.

我冬天去滑雪。

in the morning

在早上

We'll talk in the morning.

I was born in 1996.

我出生于1996年。

in the future

未来

In the future I want to be a millionaire.

The movie starts at 7.

电影七点开始。

Meet me at 12.

我们12点见。

at the moment

目前

I'm not available at the moment.

not at the moment

暂时不

在家还是在电影院？作为表示地点的介词： In 通常指某物在某种封闭空间内，或在较大空间内。 in the car in France in the center On 通常表示某物位于另一物体之上，或在较大区域中的某个更具体的位置。 on the table on Main Street At 可以用来表示某个特定点。它是三个介词中最具体的，用于指示特定地点。 at the library at the store

at home

在家

I wasn't at home.

Are you at home?

你在家吗？

I stay at home on the weekend.

我周末待在家里。

at the store

在商店里

I have to buy something at the store.

We're at the store at the moment.

我们现在正在商店里。

in the car

在车里

She's sitting in the car and waiting.

He is sitting in the car.

他坐在车里。

I live in Germany.

我住在德国。

Meet me at 12 in the center

我们12点在市中心见。

on the table

在桌子上

The book is on the table.

The keys are on the table.

钥匙在桌子上。

on the field

在球场上

The players are on the field.

They are on the football field.

他们在足球场上。

*过去式 - 问题* 我们可以用过去式提问来询问过去的事情。使用"did" 和*动词*，但*不要将动词改为过去式。*这是因为"did" 已经表示过去式，所以主动词保持不定式形式。 "Did you have a nice weekend?" "Did they finish their homework?" 我们可以用*疑问词 + did* 来做过去式疑问句。 "What did you do?" "Where did he go?"

Did you do it?

你做了吗？

Did you do your homework? - Yes, I did.

What did you do?

你做了什么？

What did you do? - I didn't do anything.

Did he stay?

他留下来了吗？

Did he stay at home?

Did you smoke?

你抽烟了吗？

Did you smoke yesterday?

Where did you buy it?

你在哪里买的？

Where did you buy this dress?

Did they arrive on time?

他们准时到了吗？

When did they arrive?

他们什么时候到的？

When did they arrive? - They arrived yesterday.

Did she watch TV?

她看电视了吗？

Did she watch TV yesterday? - No, she didn't.

Where did you live?

你以前住在哪里？

Where did you live? - I lived in Germany for five years.

不定代词 "Something" 和 "anything" 具有相同的含义，指的是某物/无生命物体，但一个用于肯定句，另一个用于否定句。 "Something" 指的是未知的事物。它用于肯定句。 "Anything" 指的是任何种类的事物。用于疑问句和否定句。它也可以用来表示"I don't mind."

something

某事

We always buy something to eat.

something to eat

吃的东西

I will bring something to eat.

something else

别的东西

I will do something else tonight.

Anything else?

还有别的吗？

Do you need anything else?

more than anything

比任何事情都更...

I love you more than anything.

Is there anything I can do?

有什么我能帮忙的吗？

Is there anything I can do for you?

to miss

缺失

I miss you.

Something is missing.

少了点什么。

Something is missing here.

I will do anything.

我愿意做任何事。

I will do anything to make things better.

Let's do something.

我们做点什么吧。

Let's do something this weekend!

*你会如何描述自己?* 你的优势和劣势是什么？让我们学习一些有用的词汇来描述你（或别人）的个性吧

She's funny.

她很有趣。

easy-going

随和的

She is very easy-going.

friendly

友好的

They were friendly to me.

generous

慷慨的

She is generous with her money.

honest

诚实的

I'm always totally honest with you.

moody

情绪化的

She is so moody!

lazy

懒惰

He was too lazy to cook.

polite

有礼貌的

The comment was polite and reasonable.

shy

害羞的

I was pretty shy at school.

hard-working

勤奋的

The students are hard-working.

wise

明智的

She seems kind and wise.

*情态动词* 情态动词用于我们（或物体）不能主动进行的活动（移动身体等）。*情态动词不能改变状态。* 其中一些情态动词是 "know","like","seem","love","have","want" 、"see"

I know!

我知道！

I know you are right.

Do you know him?

你认识他吗？

Do you know him well?

to love

爱

We love this movie.

She loves her cat.

她爱她的猫。

She loves her cat more than anything.

Do you love me?

你爱我吗？

Do you love me more than anything?

to hate

讨厌

Why do you hate me so much?

the spinach

菠菜

Spinach is very healthy.

They hate spinach.

他们讨厌菠菜。

My children hate spinach.

to want

想要

I want to go with you.

Do you want a coffee?

你想喝杯咖啡吗？

Do you want a coffee or a tea?

I want to go.

我想去。

I want to go to the center.

He seems nice.

他看起来人挺好的。

I just met Sarah’s brother yesterday. He seems nice.

It seems easy.

这看起来挺简单的。

This exercise seems easy.

*我喜欢学英语！* 对于动词"like" ，有两种方法可以在它后面加上动词。 "LIKE" +"to" + 不定式 "I like to sleep." "LIKE" +*动词*+"ing" "I like sleeping." 一般来说，意思没有什么区别，不过我们有时会用不定式 ("TO "+ 动词) 来谈论习惯或选择。不过，使用动词+"ING" 比使用不定式更常见。

I like dancing.

我喜欢跳舞。

to read

阅读

I read a book about war.

I like reading.

我喜欢读书。

I like reading in bed at night.

I like to read in the evening.

我喜欢在晚上看书。

to go to the gym

去健身房

Does he like going to the gym?

I don’t like getting up early.

我不喜欢早起。

Do you like watching TV?

你喜欢看电视吗？

to wait

等待

I'm waiting for you.

I don't like waiting.

我不喜欢等待。

I don't like waiting for the bus.

She likes cooking.

她喜欢做饭。

I like to cook Asian food.

我喜欢做亚洲菜。

to take a selfie

自拍

I love to take a selfie when I travel.

We like taking selfies.

我们喜欢自拍。

I like learning English.

我喜欢学英语。

"I speak English well." "Well" 是一个副词。使用"well" 来*描述动词、形容词或其他副词。* 让我们来学习一些有用的副词！

very well

非常好

You speak English very well.

She can dance well.

她跳舞跳得很好。

a little

一点儿

You're going a little fast.

I speak a little Spanish.

我会说一点西班牙语。

Do you speak Spanish? - I speak a little Spanish.

a little time

一点时间

I need a little more time.

unfortunately

遗憾的是

Unfortunately, she can’t come to the party.

to be closed

被关闭

Is the store closed?

Unfortunately, it is closed.

很抱歉，已经关门了。

Unfortunately, the shop is closed today.

We have a lot to do.

我们有很多工作要做。

We have a lot to do this week.

the money

这笔钱

How much money did you get?

a lot of money

一大笔钱

He made a lot of money.

*重要的 A* 有时，一个字母就能完全改变意思！"A little" 意思是*一些*，但如果只说"little" （不带*a*），它的意思就是否定的。请看这个例子： "Have you got any money?" A:"Yes, a little." （我有一些钱，少量的。） B："No, very little." （不多/几乎没有）同样的规则也适用于单词"few" 。我们用"a little" 表示*单数不可数名词。* *复数可数名词*使用"a few" 。

a few friends

几个朋友

I have a few friends, so I'm not lonely.

few friends

没几个朋友

She has few friends, so she's quite lonely.

a jar

一个罐子

I put the cookies in a jar.

a few jars of jam

几罐果酱

I have a few jars of jam in the cellar.

a little cream and sugar

加点奶油和糖

I always enjoy a little cream and sugar in my coffee.

a little extra time

一点额外的时间

We have a little extra time this afternoon; do you want to watch a movie?

a choice

一个选择

You always have a choice.

few people

没几个人

Few people came to the party.

to remember

记住

I remember her well.

a few things to remember

需要记住的几件事

Here are a few things to remember before you go on vacation.

此条件句用于结果*总是会发生*的情况。它用于普遍真理和不可改变的事实。在零条件句中，*句子的两个部分都是一般现在时。* 以下是一些例子： "If people eat too much, they get fat." "If babies are hungry, they cry." "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

If you eat too much, you get fat.

如果你吃得太多，就会变胖。

to get fat

变胖

If people eat too much, they get fat.

to be ill

生病

the peanuts

花生

Do you like peanuts?

If I eat peanuts, I am sick.

我一吃花生就不舒服。

to boil

煮沸

If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

to get wet

弄湿

If you stand in the rain, you get wet.

If you heat ice, it melts.

如果你加热冰，它就会融化。

If you put ice in the sun, it melts quickly.

to melt

融化

The snow is starting to melt.

*can和can’t的过去式* "can" 的过去式是"could" ，因此可以说："I could swim when I was five." "can't" is "couldn't" 的过去式，就像这个例子中一样："I couldn’t sing as a child." 此外，你还可以使用"could" 和 "couldn't" 来提出礼貌性请求。例如"Could you help me carry these bags?"

Could you help me?

你能帮帮我吗？

Could you help me carry these bags?

to carry a bag

提包

He couldn't help me carry my bag.

I couldn't do it.

我没能做到。

They could speak English.

他们会说英语。

They could speak English before they went to school.

to try

尝试

I am trying to help you.

Could you try?

你能试试吗？

Could you at least try?

to play chess

下象棋

Could you play chess last year? - Yes, I could.

I couldn't eat peanuts.

我不能吃花生。

I couldn't eat peanuts when I was a child.

Could you bring me a coffee?

能给我带杯咖啡吗？

Yes, I could.

是的，我可以。

Could you bring me a coffee? - Yes, I could.

*如何使用介词 by* "by" 这个词在英语中非常常见。它可以用在很多不同的场合和语境中。下面是一些例子： 1. "by" + 地点*："The house stands by the river." 2. "by" + 运输方式*："I go to work by car." 3. "by" + 通讯方式* "Please confirm the order by email." 4. "by" + -ing verb*："Turn on the radio by pressing the button."