Curs per a principiants (A1/A2)Paraules en anglès

by DuoCards

*Benvingut al curs per a principiants!* Aquest curs us guiarà a través dels conceptes bàsics i us ajudarà a començar a utilitzar l'anglès en situacions quotidianes! Aprendreu a formar frases, utilitzar temps verbals essencials i ampliar el vostre vocabulari amb paraules pràctiques que podeu utilitzar cada dia. Abans de començar, escalfem amb algunes paraules i frases útils per posar-vos en marxa!

to change

canviar

I need to change my clothes.

to improve

millorar

I want to improve my English skills.

I want to improve my English.

Vull millorar el meu anglès.

The weather can change quickly.

El temps pot canviar ràpidament.

to forget

oblidar

She forgot to call her friend.

Don’t forget your umbrella.

No t'oblidis del paraigua.

an umbrella

un paraigua

I always carry an umbrella in my bag.

I changed my job last year.

Vaig canviar de feina l'any passat.

I always forget my keys.

Sempre m'oblido de les claus.

to prefer

preferir

I prefer tea to coffee.

to need

necessitar

I need a pencil to write my homework.

I need help.

Necessito ajuda.

I need help with my math homework.

Benvingut al curs per a principiants! Comencem amb el verb "can". Utilitza "can" per parlar d'una *possibilitat* o *habilitat.* Sempre utilitza can amb un altre verb. Pots utilitzar "can" per formar respostes curtes com en aquest exemple: "Can you speak English?" - "Yes, I can." "I can" = Puc fer alguna cosa. / Sé que alguna cosa és possible per a mi, per exemple: "I can dance very well."

I can do it!

Jo puc fer-ho!

I have studied hard for the exam, and I can do it!

Can you?

Pots?

Can you do that for me?

Yes, you can!

I tant que pots!

Can I do it? - Yes, you can!

to repeat

Ho pots repetir?

Can you repeat it after me?

I can't speak Spanish.

No sé parlar castellà.

I can't speak Spanish very well.

They can sing.

Ells poden cantar.

My friends can sing all the popular songs.

Can you see

Ho veus?

Can you see the man over there?

*Pot en negatiu* Per fer una negació, s'afegeix "not"després de can per formar una sola paraula (can not = can't). Aprenem verbs nous! "to repeat" "to sing" "to swim"

He can't sing.

Ell no sap cantar.

to sing

cantar

I love to sing.

to swim

nedar

He can't swim.

No sap nedar.

He can't swim, so he prefers to stay by the pool.

Can you repeat it, please?

Ho pots repetir, si us plau?

They can swim, but I can't.

Ells saben nedar, però jo no.

*Pronoms d'objecte* Un pronom objecte fa referència a la persona o cosa *afectada per una acció.* Normalment ve després d'un verb o preposició. Per exemple: "I spend a lot of time with my family. I love them so much."( *Ells* substitueixen *la meva família* .) Els pronoms objecte són: "me" "you" "him" "her" "us" "them"

I love you.

T'estimo.

I love you very much.

Can you see him?

El veus?

Can you see him standing over there?

to tell

dir

Can you tell me what you think?

Tell me.

Digues-me.

Tell me what you see.

Tell me what you think.

Digue'ns què en penses.

Tell me what you think about the idea.

to ask

preguntar

People always ask questions.

about

sobre

I am thinking about you.

Ask her about them.

Pregunta-li per ells.

Ask her about her day.

The book is about us.

El llibre tracta sobre nosaltres.

They made a movie about us.

*Temps present continu* Utilitzem el present continu quan parlem d'alguna cosa que està passant ara mateix. Utilitzeu el verb auxiliar "to be"en la seva forma correcta i afegiu la terminació *-ing* al verb. "He is sleeping." "You are eating."

My brother is eating.

El meu germà està menjant.

My brother is eating a pizza.

It is raining.

Està plovent.

It is raining today.

to sleep

dormir

She is sleeping.

to travel

viatjar

I love to travel to new places.

They are traveling.

Estan de viatge.

to fight

lluitar

My brothers are fighting.

Els meus germans s'estan barallant.

My brothers are fighting.

to draw

dibuixar

He can draw a map.

the picture

la imatge

The picture is beautiful.

My children are drawing a picture.

Els meus fills estan fent un dibuix.

She is drawing a picture.

the window

la finestra

Open the window, please.

grandma

àvia

My grandma is very nice.

to look out of the window

mirar per la finestra

My grandma is looking out of the window

*Els finals de vegades canvien* De vegades, la terminació del verb canvia en el present continu. Quan un verb acaba en *e* , deixeu anar la *e* i afegiu *-ing* : "make"- "making" Quan un *verb d'una síl·laba acaba en vocal + consonant* , doble la consonant final i *afegint* : "swim"- "swimming" Quan un verb acaba en *vocal + consonant amb accentuació a la síl·laba final* , doble la consonant i *afegint* : "begin"- "beginning" *No doble la consonant* de les paraules amb *més d'una síl·laba* si l'accent no és a la síl·laba final: "remember"- "remembering"

We are making progress!

Estem progressant!

Are we making progress?

to move

moure's / mudar-se

He is moving to Spain.

We are moving.

Ens mudem.

We are moving next summer.

She is swimming.

Ella està nedant.

She is swimming in the sea.

to begin with

per començar

We should begin with the hardest task.

I'm beginning with this.

Començo amb això.

I'm beginning with this task.

to get worse

empitjorar

The weather is starting to get worse.

It's getting worse.

Cada vegada va pitjor.

Unfortunately, it's getting worse.

*Present continu: negació i pregunta* Per formar la negació, col·loqueu "not"abans del verb principal. "He is not sleeping." "You are not eating." Feu una pregunta posant *am, is* o *are* *davant del tema* . "Is he sleeping?" "Are you eating?"

He is not sleeping.

No està dormint.

He is not sleeping right now.

right now

ara mateix

The children aren't sleeping right now.

to shop

anar a comprar

I am not shopping right now.

Is it raining?

Plou?

Is it raining there?

to make a pizza

fer una pizza

I'm not making a pizza, I'm making pasta.

Is he making progress?

Està progressant?

Is she getting worse?

Està empitjorant?

to look

mirar

Are you looking?

to work

treballar

They are not working.

Are you beginning right now?

Comences ara mateix?

*Temps present simple vs. present continu* Ja sabeu que fem servir el present simple quan parlem d' *alguna cosa repetitiva* o dels nostres *hàbits* i *del que ens agrada* . "I go to the gym every week." "I like pizza." Utilitzem el *present continu* quan parlem d'alguna cosa que està passant *ara mateix.* Paraules d'avís amb present continu: "right now", "now", "at the moment", "today" "He is singing right now." "We are at school at the moment."

I like these shoes.

M'agraden aquestes sabates.

I've been wearing these shoes for months and I still like them.

every day

cada dia

I go to school every day. Do you go to work every day? - Yes l go to work every day.

to study for an exam

estudiar per a un examen

I am not studying for the exam now.

a lot

molt

Do you study a lot? - Yes I study lot.

to listen

escoltar

I like to listen to my favorite songs in the car.

Are you listening to me?

M'estàs escoltant?

to fall

caure

Do not fall!

the star

l'estrella

Look at the star.

A star is falling down!

Cau un estel!

Look! A star is falling down!

They are working now.

Ara estan treballant.

Does it snow often here?

Neva sovint aquí?

to drive

conduir

My mother is driving to work right now.

I'm driving right now.

Ara mateix estic conduint.

I don't drive.

No condueixo.

I don't drive when I'm sleepy.

*Nombres cardinals* Els números cardinals s'utilitzen normalment quan: comptar coses: "I have two brothers." dona la teva edat: "I am ten years old." dóna el teu número de telèfon: "My phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven." donar anys: "It happened in nineteen seventy-five (1975)." 1 - "one" 2 - "two" 3 - "three" 4 - "four" 5 - "five" 6 - "six" 7 - "seven" 8 - "eight" 9 - "nine" 10 - "ten"

I am seven years old.

Tinc set anys.

How old are you?

Quants anys tens?

five apples

cinc pomes

There are five apples in the kitchen.

siblings

germans

Do you have any siblings?

How many siblings do you have?

Quants germans tens?

I don't have any siblings.

No tinc germans.

sister

germana

I have one sister.

in two weeks

d'aquí a dues setmanes

They are going to visit us in two weeks.

He is leaving in two weeks.

Se'n va d'aquí a dues setmanes.

the piece

la peça

a piece of cheese

Can you give me one piece?

Em pots donar un tros?

Can you give me one piece of cake?

*Formes comparatives i superlatives dels adjectius* Per fer comparacions, cal utilitzar formes comparatives i superlatives dels adjectius. Per exemple: "tall""taller"-- "the tallest" "small""smaller"-- "the smallest" *El comparatiu* s'utilitza quan comparem algunes qualitats i volem dir que alguna cosa té millor / pitjor qualitat, fem servir *el superlatiu* quan volem expressar que és el millor de tots. *Recordeu afegir l'article definit quan formeu una forma superlatiu.* Utilitzeu "than"-lo amb un *adjectiu comparatiu* quan compareu dues coses o persones.

smaller

més petit

The dog is smaller than the cat.

taller

més alt

I'm taller than you.

taller than me

més alt que jo

My brother is taller than me.

My father is taller than you.

El meu pare és més alt que tu.

puppy

gosset

The smallest puppy is so cute.

to look younger

semblar més jove

You look younger than your age.

You look younger.

Sembles més jove.

the youngest person

la persona més jove

The youngest person in the room.

hard

durament

She works hard.

We work harder.

Treballem més dur.

We work harder than before.

the hardest thing

la cosa més difícil

What's the hardest thing in life?

*Comparació d'adjectius curts* (adjectius d'una síl·laba i adjectius de dues síl·labes acabats en -y) Comparatiu: afegiu la terminació *-er* : "smaller" Superlatiu: afegeix la terminació *-est* i l'article abans *de* l'adjectiu: "the smallest" *Doble l'última lletra* si l'adjectiu acaba en consonant, vocal, consonant: "big""bigger"-- "the biggest" *Canvia Y per I* quan l'adjectiu acaba en consonant + Y "funny""funnier"-- "the funniest"

My car is faster than yours.

El meu cotxe és més ràpid que el teu.

funny

divertit

I like funny people.

the joke

l'acudit

She could laugh and joke with her colleagues.

This is the funniest joke in the world.

Aquest és l'acudit més divertit del món.

big

gran

Big eyes are beautiful.

Our house is bigger than yours.

La nostra casa és més gran que la vostra.

hot

calent

It was hot inside the hall.

This is the hottest chilli pepper.

Aquest és el bitxo més picant.

nice

bonic

We had a nice time.

the place

el lloc

The garden is a peaceful place.

We are moving to a nicer place.

Ens mudem a un lloc més bonic.

wet

humit

He slipped on the wet rock.

the world

el món

He tries to save the world.

What is the wettest place in the world?

Quin és el lloc més humit del món?

*Comparació d'adjectius llargs* (Adjectius de 2 síl·labes - tots excepte els que acaben en -y i els adjectius de 3 o més síl·labes) Per formar un comparatiu, afegiu MÉS abans de la forma bàsica "more beautiful" Per formar un superlatiu, afegiu l'article definit i la paraula MOST abans de la forma bàsica"the most beautiful" "It's more useful than you think." "That's the most complicated exam!"

She is the most beautiful woman.

És la dona més bella.

more beautiful

més bonic

You are more beautiful than before.

expensive

car

That's the most expensive house.

This T-shirt is more expensive than the other one.

Aquesta samarreta és més cara que l'altra.

This book is more interesting than that one.

useful

útil

Aspirin is useful for headaches.

It's more useful than you think.

És més útil del que et penses.

Reading books is more useful than you think.

stressful

estressant

This job is very stressful.

It is the most stressful exam.

És l'examen més estressant.

money

diners

I counted the money before putting it in my wallet.

important

Your support is very important to me.

delicate

delicat

His health is very delicate. (Jeho zdraví je velmi citlivé.)

Health is more important than money.

La salut és més important que els diners.

interesting

interessant

It was an interesting debate.

movie

pel·lícula

a movie star

This movie is more interesting.

Aquesta pel·lícula és més interessant.

This movie is more interesting than the book.

clever

intel·ligent

She is a clever and studious young woman.

My brother is the most clever person.

El meu germà és la persona més intel·ligent.

My brother is the most clever person I know.

*Adjectius irregulars* Hem de memoritzar les formes dels adjectius irregulars. "good""better"-- "the best" "bad""worse"-- "the worst" "far""farther/further"-- "the farthest/furthest" "little""less"-- "the least" "much""more"-- "the most" "It will get better soon." "She is the best teacher in the world!"

I feel much better now.

Ara em trobo molt millor.

Thanks for asking, I feel much better now.

the silence

el silenci

The silence lasted for about a minute.

the anger

la ràbia

Anger showed in his face.

His silence was worse than his anger.

El seu silenci era pitjor que la seva ràbia.

nervous

nerviós

He is very nervous about the performance.

I feel less nervous.

Em sento menys nerviós.

I feel less nervous after meditation.

singer

cantant

Who is your favourite singer?

My sister is the best singer.

La meva germana és la millor cantant.

far

lluny

It was not too far away.

to expect

esperar

We expect the best.

She walked farther than she expected.

Va caminar més lluny del que s'esperava.

I thought the store was just around the corner, but I ended up walking farther than I expected.

*Frases en passat simple* El passat simple s'utilitza per parlar d'accions completades en el passat. Per formar el passat simple, normalment s'afegeix "-ed"a la forma base dels verbs regulars. Per exemple: "She walked to the store" "He watched TV last night." "to talk"- "talked" "to walk"- "walked" "to watch"- "watched" "to cook"- "cooked" "to visit"- "visited"

We talked.

Vam parlar.

We talked about it last night.

I walked there

Hi vaig anar a peu

I walked there for hours

together

junts

Children play together.

They walked together.

Van caminar junts.

They walked together to school.

We watched TV together.

Vam mirar la televisió junts.

We watched TV together yesterday.

to cook dinner

cuinar el sopar

My mum cooked dinner for me.

She cooked dinner.

Ella va cuinar el sopar.

She cooked dinner for the children.

to visit

visitar

You can visit us later.

He visited us for dinner.

Ens va visitar per sopar.

I visited my grandparents for the weekend.

*Formes del passat simple irregulars* Hi ha moltes formes irregulars de temps passat en anglès que cal recordar. Fem una ullada a dos verbs importants i les seves formes de passat simple! "to do""did"-- "I did my homework." "to make""made"-- "I made pizza."

We did it!

Ho hem aconseguit!

the dinner

el sopar

What's for dinner?

She made dinner.

Ella va fer el sopar.

She made him a simple dinner.

Children did the homework.

Els nens feien els deures.

to make an effort

fer un esforç

We have to make an effort.

to finish

acabar

We are finishing soon.

I made an effort to finish my work.

He fet un esforç per acabar la meva feina.

the jam

la melmelada

My mom made a delicious jam.

from

She made jam from the apples.

Va fer melmelada amb les pomes.

*Pretèrit simple de TO BE* Per als subjectes singulars, el passat simple de *be* és "was". Per als subjectes plurals (i tu en singular), el passat simple és "were". "I was at school yesterday." "You were at home." A les oracions negatives, afegiu l'adverbi *not* i poseu-lo *després de la paraula was/were* . Recordeu que la majoria de vegades la forma escurçada s'utilitza en oracions negatives: "wasn't"= "was not"/ "weren't"= "were not". "I wasn't at school yesterday." "You weren't at home."

I was there.

Hi vaig ser.

I was there yesterday.

at home

a casa

You weren't at home when I came.

We were happy.

Érem feliços.

We were happy while we were together.

They were together.

Estaven junts.

They were together all night.

tired

cansat

I was very tired this morning.

He was tired.

Estava cansat.

He was tired yesterday.

She was at school.

Ella era a l'escola.

She was at school yesterday.

to be sure

estar segur

I'm not sure about it.

I wasn't sure about it.

No n'estava segur.

yesterday

ahir

The children were at school yesterday.

*Pronoms reflexius* Sovint fem servir pronoms reflexius quan el subjecte i l'objecte d'un verb són el mateix. També quan volem assenyalar que nosaltres (o algú altre) hem fet alguna cosa. Singular: "myself"(jo) "yourself"(tu) "himself"(ell) "herself"(ella) "itself"(ell) Plural: "ourselves"(nosaltres) "yourselves"(tu) "themselves"(ells) "I did it myself." "We did it ourselves." "I cut myself."

I made the pizza myself.

He fet la pizza jo mateix.

He was impressed that I made the pizza myself instead of ordering takeout.

to hear

sentir

He did not want to hear it.

Do you hear yourself?

T'estàs escoltant?

themselves

ells mateixos

They did the homework themselves.

to ourselves

per a nosaltres mateixos

We have the house to ourselves.

to talk

parlar

The two are talking.

He talks to himself.

Parla sol.

I washed the car myself.

He rentat el cotxe jo mateix.

to wish

desitjar

We wish for peace.

Wish yourself good luck.

Desitja't molta sort.

*Parlant del Temps* Utilitzem aquestes preposicions de temps: "at", "in", i "on". Utilitzem "at"per donar un temps específic: "at 3 o'clock", "at noon", "at the moment" Utilitzem "in"durant mesos, anys, segles i períodes llargs: "in winter", "in April", "in 1990" Utilitzem "on"per dies i dates: "on Monday", "on the 6th of March"

on Sunday

el diumenge

Do you want to go out on Sunday?

at the moment

en aquest moment

I'm not in the office at the moment.

necessary

necessari

It's not necessary for you to be here.

At the moment it's not necessary.

En aquests moments no és necessari.

at 3 o'clock

a les tres

The class starts at 3 o'clock.

in summer

a l'estiu

The sun shines in summer.

It rains a lot in autumn.

Plou molt a la tardor.

I was born in ...

Vaig néixer el ...

I was born in 1999.

*Futur - ANAR A* Expressa un pla o intenció que ja s'ha decidit o una predicció lògica per al futur. Paraules de senyalització: "in one year" "next week" "next year" "next month" "tomorrow" "soon", etc. "I am going to meet my friend next week." "They are going to talk about his future tomorrow."

I am going to leave tomorrow.

Me'n vaig demà.

to miss (sth)

perdre's (alguna cosa)

Do not miss this! They are going to miss the bus.

They are going to miss the bus.

Perdran l'autobús.

to talk about

parlar de

We are going to talk about it.

soon

aviat

I will be home soon.

I'm going to go soon.

Me n'aniré aviat.

to meet

conèixer

I'm going to meet my friends.

next week

la setmana que ve

We are going to leave next week.

I am going to see a doctor tomorrow.

Demà vaig al metge.

*Futur: preguntes i negació* Per formar la negació, només cal afegir "not"abans "going to": "We are not going to sleep tonight." Per formar una pregunta, canvieu el subjecte pel verb "to be": "Are you going to be there?"

Are you going to be there?

Hi seràs?

the tea

el te

Do you drink tea?

the coffee

el cafè

I want a cup of coffee.

Are you going to drink coffee or tea?

Prendràs cafè o te?

to believe

creure

I believe in destiny.

You are not going to believe this.

No t'ho creuràs.

to buy

comprar

Buy me a bread, please.

the motorcycle

la motocicleta

He drives a motorcycle.

Do you prefer coffee or tea?

Are you going to buy a car or a motorcycle?

Teniu pensat comprar un cotxe o una motocicleta?

*Adverbis* Un adverbi és una paraula que modifica (descriu) un verb, un adjectiu, un altre adverbi o fins i tot una frase sencera, per exemple: "very", "really", "too", etc. Exemples: "He is very tall." "I really like him." "The dress is too expensive." "Fortunately, I brought an umbrella."

very

molt

You look very tired.