Kursus for begyndere (A1/A2)engelske ord

by DuoCards

*Velkommen til begynderkurset!* Dette kursus vil guide dig gennem det grundlæggende og hjælpe dig med at begynde at bruge engelsk i hverdagssituationer! Du lærer at danne sætninger, bruge vigtige tider og udvide dit ordforråd med praktiske ord, som du kan bruge hver dag. Inden vi går i gang, lad os varme op med et par nyttige ord og vendinger, så du kan komme i gang!

to change

ændre

I need to change my clothes.

to improve

forbedre

I want to improve my English skills.

I want to improve my English.

Jeg vil gerne forbedre mit engelsk.

The weather can change quickly.

Vejret kan ændre sig hurtigt.

to forget

glemme

She forgot to call her friend.

Don’t forget your umbrella.

Glem ikke din paraply.

an umbrella

paraply

I always carry an umbrella in my bag.

I changed my job last year.

Jeg skiftede job sidste år.

I always forget my keys.

Jeg glemmer altid mine nøgler.

to prefer

foretrække

I prefer tea to coffee.

to need

behøve

I need a pencil to write my homework.

I need help.

Jeg har brug for hjælp.

I need help with my math homework.

*Velkommen til begynderkurset!* Lad os starte med verbet "can". Brug "can" til at tale om en *mulighed* eller *evne*. Brug altid can sammen med et andet verbum. Du kan bruge "can" til at danne korte svar som i dette eksempel: "Can you speak English?" - "Yes, I can." "I can" = Jeg kan gøre noget. / Jeg ved, at noget er muligt for mig, f.eks: "I can dance very well."

I can do it!

Jeg kan godt klare det!

I have studied hard for the exam, and I can do it!

Can you?

Kan du?

Can you do that for me?

Yes, you can!

Ja, det kan du!

Can I do it? - Yes, you can!

to repeat

gentage

Can you repeat it after me?

I can't speak Spanish.

Jeg taler ikke spansk.

I can't speak Spanish very well.

They can sing.

De kan synge.

My friends can sing all the popular songs.

Can you see

Kan du se det

Can you see the man over there?

*Kan i negativ* For at lave en negation skal du tilføje "not" efter can for at lave et ord (can not = can't). Lad os lære nye verber! "to repeat" "to sing" "to swim"

He can't sing.

Han kan ikke synge.

to sing

synge

I love to sing.

to swim

svømme

He can't swim.

Han kan ikke svømme.

He can't swim, so he prefers to stay by the pool.

Can you repeat it, please?

Kan du gentage det, tak?

They can swim, but I can't.

De kan svømme, men det kan jeg ikke.

*Objekt pronominer* Et objektpronomen henviser til den person eller ting, der *påvirkes af en handling*. Det kommer normalt efter et verbum eller en præposition. For eksempel: "I spend a lot of time with my family. I love them so much." *(Dem* erstatter *min familie*.) Objektpronominerne er: "me" "you" "him" "her" "us" "them"

I love you.

Jeg elsker dig.

I love you very much.

Can you see him?

Kan du se ham?

Can you see him standing over there?

to tell

fortælle

Can you tell me what you think?

Tell me.

Fortæl mig det.

Tell me what you see.

Tell me what you think.

Fortæl os, hvad du synes.

Tell me what you think about the idea.

to ask

spørge

People always ask questions.

about

I am thinking about you.

Ask her about them.

Spørg hende om dem.

Ask her about her day.

The book is about us.

Bogen handler om os.

They made a movie about us.

*Nutid i kontinuerlig datid* Vi bruger nutidsformen, når vi taler om noget, der sker lige nu. Brug hjælpeverbet "to be" i den korrekte form, og tilføj endelsen *-ing* til verbet. "He is sleeping." "You are eating."

My brother is eating.

Min bror spiser.

My brother is eating a pizza.

It is raining.

Det regner.

It is raining today.

to sleep

sove

She is sleeping.

to travel

rejse

I love to travel to new places.

They are traveling.

De er ude at rejse.

to fight

kæmpe

My brothers are fighting.

Mine brødre slås.

My brothers are fighting.

to draw

tegne

He can draw a map.

the picture

billede

The picture is beautiful.

My children are drawing a picture.

Mine børn tegner en tegning.

She is drawing a picture.

the window

vindue

Open the window, please.

grandma

mormor

My grandma is very nice.

to look out of the window

at kigge ud af vinduet

My grandma is looking out of the window

*Slutninger ændrer sig nogle gange* Nogle gange ændrer verbets endelse sig i nutidsformen. Når et verbum ender på *e*, skal du droppe *e'et* og tilføje *-ing*: "make" - "making" Når et verbum på *én stavelse ender på vokal + konsonant*, fordobles den sidste konsonant, og der tilføjes *ing:* "swim" - "swimming" Når et verbum ender *på vokal + konsonant med tryk på den sidste stavelse*, fordobles konsonanten, og der tilføjes *ing*: "begin" - "beginning" I ord med *mere end én stavelse* skal *konsonanten* ikke fordobles, hvis trykket ikke er på den sidste stavelse: "remember" - "remembering"

We are making progress!

Vi gør fremskridt!

Are we making progress?

to move

flytte

He is moving to Spain.

We are moving.

Vi flytter.

We are moving next summer.

She is swimming.

Hun svømmer.

She is swimming in the sea.

to begin with

til at begynde med

We should begin with the hardest task.

I'm beginning with this.

Jeg begynder med dette.

I'm beginning with this task.

to get worse

at blive værre

The weather is starting to get worse.

It's getting worse.

Det bliver værre og værre.

Unfortunately, it's getting worse.

*Nutid kontinuerlig - negation og spørgsmål* For at danne negation skal du sætte "not" foran hovedverbet. "He is not sleeping." "You are not eating." Lav et spørgsmål ved at sætte *am, is* eller *are* *foran subjektet*. "Is he sleeping?" "Are you eating?"

He is not sleeping.

Han sover ikke.

He is not sleeping right now.

right now

lige nu

The children aren't sleeping right now.

to shop

købe ind

I am not shopping right now.

Is it raining?

Regner det?

Is it raining there?

to make a pizza

at lave en pizza

I'm not making a pizza, I'm making pasta.

Is he making progress?

Gør han fremskridt?

Is she getting worse?

Får hun det værre?

to look

kigge

Are you looking?

to work

arbejde

They are not working.

Are you beginning right now?

Starter du lige nu?

*Nutid enkel datid vs. nutid kontinuerlig datid* Du ved allerede, at vi bruger nutid, når vi taler om *noget, der gentager* sig, eller om vores *vaner*, og *hvad vi kan lide*. "I go to the gym every week." "I like pizza." Vi bruger *nutid*, når vi taler om noget, der sker *lige*nu. Signalord med nutid: "right now", "now", "at the moment", "today" "He is singing right now." "We are at school at the moment."

I like these shoes.

Jeg kan godt lide de her sko.

I've been wearing these shoes for months and I still like them.

every day

hver dag

I go to school every day. Do you go to work every day? - Yes l go to work every day.

to study for an exam

at læse op til en eksamen

I am not studying for the exam now.

a lot

mange

Do you study a lot? - Yes I study lot.

to listen

lytte

I like to listen to my favorite songs in the car.

Are you listening to me?

Hører du efter hvad jeg siger?

to fall

falde

Do not fall!

the star

stjerne

Look at the star.

A star is falling down!

Et stjerneskud!

Look! A star is falling down!

They are working now.

De arbejder nu.

Does it snow often here?

Sner det ofte her?

to drive

køre

My mother is driving to work right now.

I'm driving right now.

Jeg kører bil lige nu.

I don't drive.

Jeg kører ikke.

I don't drive when I'm sleepy.

*Kardinalnumre* Kardinalnumre bruges normalt, når du: tæller ting: "I have two brothers." angiver din alder: "I am ten years old." giver dit telefonnummer: "My phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven." giver årstal: "It happened in nineteen seventy-five (1975)." 1 - "one" 2 - "two" 3 - "three" 4 - "four" 5 - "five" 6 - "six" 7 - "seven" 8 - "eight" 9 - "nine" 10 - "ten"

I am seven years old.

Jeg er syv år gammel.

How old are you?

Hvor gammel er du?

five apples

fem æbler

There are five apples in the kitchen.

siblings

søskende

Do you have any siblings?

How many siblings do you have?

Hvor mange søskende har du?

I don't have any siblings.

Jeg har ingen søskende.

sister

søster

I have one sister.

in two weeks

om to uger

They are going to visit us in two weeks.

He is leaving in two weeks.

Han tager afsted om to uger.

the piece

stykke

a piece of cheese

Can you give me one piece?

Må jeg få et stykke?

Can you give me one piece of cake?

*Adjektivernes komparativ- og superlativformer* For at lave sammenligninger skal du bruge komparative og superlative former af adjektiver. For eksempel: "tall" - "taller" - "the tallest" "small" - "smaller" - "the smallest" *Komparativ* bruges, når vi sammenligner nogle kvaliteter og ønsker at sige, at noget har bedre/dårligere kvalitet, vi bruger *superlativ*, når vi ønsker at udtrykke, at det er det bedste af alt. *Husk at tilføje den bestemte artikel, når du danner en superlativform.* Brug "than" med et *komparativt adjektiv*, når du sammenligner to ting eller personer.

smaller

mindre

The dog is smaller than the cat.

taller

højere

I'm taller than you.

taller than me

højere end mig

My brother is taller than me.

My father is taller than you.

Min far er højere end dig.

puppy

hvalp

The smallest puppy is so cute.

to look younger

at se yngre ud

You look younger than your age.

You look younger.

Du ser yngre ud.

the youngest person

den yngste person

The youngest person in the room.

hard

hårdt

She works hard.

We work harder.

Vi arbejder hårdere.

We work harder than before.

the hardest thing

det sværeste

What's the hardest thing in life?

*Sammenligning af korte adjektiver* (enstavelsesadjektiver og tostavelsesadjektiver, der ender på -y) Komparativ: tilføj endelsen *-er*: "smaller" Superlativ: tilføj endelsen *-est* og artiklen *the* foran adjektivet: "the smallest" *Fordobl det sidste bogstav*, hvis adjektivet ender på konsonant, vokal, konsonant: "big" - "bigger" - "the biggest" *Skift Y til I*, når adjektivet ender på konsonant + Y "funny" - "funnier" - "the funniest"

My car is faster than yours.

Min bil er hurtigere end din.

funny

sjov

I like funny people.

the joke

vits

She could laugh and joke with her colleagues.

This is the funniest joke in the world.

Dette er verdens sjoveste joke.

big

stor

Big eyes are beautiful.

Our house is bigger than yours.

Vores hus er større end jeres.

hot

varm

It was hot inside the hall.

This is the hottest chilli pepper.

Dette er den stærkeste chilipeber.

nice

pæn

We had a nice time.

the place

sted

The garden is a peaceful place.

We are moving to a nicer place.

Vi flytter til et pænere sted.

wet

våd

He slipped on the wet rock.

the world

verden

He tries to save the world.

What is the wettest place in the world?

Hvad er det vådeste sted i verden?

*Sammenligning af lange adjektiver* (Adjektiver med 2 stavelser - alle undtagen dem, der ender på -y og adjektiver med 3 eller flere stavelser) For at danne en komparativ tilføjes MORE før grundformen. "more beautiful" For at danne en superlativ tilføjes den bestemte artikel og ordet MOST før grundformen "the most beautiful" "It's more useful than you think." "That's the most complicated exam!"

She is the most beautiful woman.

Hun er den smukkeste kvinde.

more beautiful

smukkere

You are more beautiful than before.

expensive

dyr

That's the most expensive house.

This T-shirt is more expensive than the other one.

Denne T-shirt er dyrere end den anden.

This book is more interesting than that one.

useful

nyttig

Aspirin is useful for headaches.

It's more useful than you think.

Det er mere nyttigt, end du tror.

Reading books is more useful than you think.

stressful

stressende

This job is very stressful.

It is the most stressful exam.

Det er den mest stressende eksamen.

money

penge

I counted the money before putting it in my wallet.

important

vigtig

Your support is very important to me.

delicate

følsom

His health is very delicate. (Jeho zdraví je velmi citlivé.)

Health is more important than money.

Helbredet er vigtigere end penge.

interesting

interessant

It was an interesting debate.

movie

film

a movie star

This movie is more interesting.

Denne film er mere interessant.

This movie is more interesting than the book.

clever

klog

She is a clever and studious young woman.

My brother is the most clever person.

Min bror er det klogeste menneske.

My brother is the most clever person I know.

*Uregelmæssige tillægsord* Vi skal huske formerne af uregelmæssige adjektiver. "good" - "better" - "the best" "bad" - "worse" - "the worst" "far" - "farther/further" - "the farthest/furthest" "little" - "less" - "the least" "much" - "more" - "the most" "It will get better soon." "She is the best teacher in the world!"

I feel much better now.

Jeg har det meget bedre nu.

Thanks for asking, I feel much better now.

the silence

stilhed

The silence lasted for about a minute.

the anger

vreden

Anger showed in his face.

His silence was worse than his anger.

Hans tavshed var værre end hans vrede.

nervous

nervøs

He is very nervous about the performance.

I feel less nervous.

Jeg føler mig mindre nervøs.

I feel less nervous after meditation.

singer

sanger

Who is your favourite singer?

My sister is the best singer.

Min søster er den bedste sanger.

far

langt væk

It was not too far away.

to expect

forvente

We expect the best.

She walked farther than she expected.

Hun gik længere, end hun havde forventet.

I thought the store was just around the corner, but I ended up walking farther than I expected.

*Sætninger i datid* Simpel datid bruges til at tale om afsluttede handlinger i fortiden. For at danne datid tilføjer man normalt "-ed" til grundformen af almindelige verber. For eksempel: "She walked to the store" "He watched TV last night." "to talk" - "talked" "to walk" - "walked" "to watch" - "watched" "to cook" - "cooked" "to visit" - "visited"

We talked.

Vi snakkede.

We talked about it last night.

I walked there

Jeg gik derhen

I walked there for hours

together

sammen

Children play together.

They walked together.

De gik sammen.

They walked together to school.

We watched TV together.

Vi så fjernsyn sammen.

We watched TV together yesterday.

to cook dinner

at lave aftensmad

My mum cooked dinner for me.

She cooked dinner.

Hun lavede aftensmad.

She cooked dinner for the children.

to visit

besøge

You can visit us later.

He visited us for dinner.

Han besøgte os til middag.

I visited my grandparents for the weekend.

*Uregelmæssige datidsformer i simpel datid* Der er mange uregelmæssige datidsformer på engelsk, som du skal huske. Lad os tage et kig på to vigtige verber og deres datidsformer! "to do" - "did" - "I did my homework." "to make" - "made" - "I made pizza."

We did it!

Vi gjorde det!

the dinner

middag

What's for dinner?

She made dinner.

Hun lavede aftensmad.

She made him a simple dinner.

Children did the homework.

Børnene lavede lektier.

to make an effort

at gøre en indsats

We have to make an effort.

to finish

færdiggøre

We are finishing soon.

I made an effort to finish my work.

Jeg gjorde en indsats for at færdiggøre mit arbejde.

the jam

syltetøjet

My mom made a delicious jam.

from

fra

She made jam from the apples.

Hun lavede marmelade af æblerne.

*Fortidsform af TO BE* For subjekter i ental er den simple datid af *be* "was". For subjekter i flertal (og dig i ental) er den simple datid "were". "I was at school yesterday." "You were at home." I negative sætninger skal du tilføje adverbiet *not* og sætte det *efter ordet was/were*. Husk, at det oftest er den forkortede form, der bruges i negative sætninger: "wasn't" = "was not" / "weren't" = "were not". "I wasn't at school yesterday." "You weren't at home."

I was there.

Jeg var der.

I was there yesterday.

at home

derhjemme

You weren't at home when I came.

We were happy.

Vi var glade.

We were happy while we were together.

They were together.

De var sammen.

They were together all night.

tired

træt

I was very tired this morning.

He was tired.

Han var træt.

He was tired yesterday.

She was at school.

Hun var i skole.

She was at school yesterday.

to be sure

at være sikker

I'm not sure about it.

I wasn't sure about it.

Jeg var ikke sikker på det.

yesterday

i går

The children were at school yesterday.

*Refleksive pronominer* Vi bruger ofte refleksive pronominer, når subjektet og objektet af et verbum er det samme. Også når vi vil påpege, at vi (eller en anden) har gjort noget. Ental: "myself" (jeg) "yourself" (du) "himself" (han) "herself" (hun) "itself" (det) Flertal: "ourselves" (vi) "yourselves" (du) "themselves" (de) "I did it myself." "We did it ourselves." "I cut myself."

I made the pizza myself.

Jeg lavede selv pizzaen.

He was impressed that I made the pizza myself instead of ordering takeout.

to hear

høre

He did not want to hear it.

Do you hear yourself?

Kan du høre dig selv?

themselves

selv

They did the homework themselves.

to ourselves

til os selv

We have the house to ourselves.

to talk

tale

The two are talking.

He talks to himself.

Han taler med sig selv.

I washed the car myself.

Jeg vaskede selv bilen.

to wish

ønske

We wish for peace.

Wish yourself good luck.

Ønsk dig selv held og lykke.

*At tale om tid* Vi bruger disse præpositioner for tid: "at", "in", og "on". Vi bruger "at" til at angive et bestemt tidspunkt: "at 3 o'clock", "at noon", "at the moment". Vi bruger "in" til måneder, år, århundreder og lange perioder: "om vinteren", "i april", "i 1990". Vi bruger "on" til dage og datoer: "on Monday", "on the 6th of March".

on Sunday

om søndagen

Do you want to go out on Sunday?

at the moment

i øjeblikket

I'm not in the office at the moment.

necessary

nødvendig

It's not necessary for you to be here.

At the moment it's not necessary.

Det er ikke nødvendigt i øjeblikket.

at 3 o'clock

klokken 3

The class starts at 3 o'clock.

in summer

om sommeren

The sun shines in summer.

It rains a lot in autumn.

Det regner meget om efteråret.

I was born in ...

Jeg er født i ...

I was born in 1999.

*Fremtid - på vej til* Udtrykker en plan eller hensigt, der allerede er besluttet, eller en logisk forudsigelse for fremtiden. Signalord: "in one year" "next week" "next year" "next month" "tomorrow" "soon", osv. "I am going to meet my friend next week." "They are going to talk about his future tomorrow."

I am going to leave tomorrow.

Jeg tager afsted i morgen.

to miss (sth)

at gå glip af (noget)

Do not miss this! They are going to miss the bus.

They are going to miss the bus.

De kommer til at miste bussen.

to talk about

at tale om

We are going to talk about it.

soon

snart

I will be home soon.

I'm going to go soon.

Jeg går snart.

to meet

møde

I'm going to meet my friends.

next week

næste uge

We are going to leave next week.

I am going to see a doctor tomorrow.

Jeg skal til lægen i morgen.

*Fremtid - spørgsmål og negation* For at danne negation skal du blot tilføje "not" før "going to": "We are not going to sleep tonight." For at danne et spørgsmål skal du skifte subjektet ud med verbet "to be": "Are you going to be there?"

Are you going to be there?

Kommer du?

the tea

teen

Do you drink tea?

the coffee

kaffe

I want a cup of coffee.

Are you going to drink coffee or tea?

Vil du have kaffe eller te?

to believe

tro

I believe in destiny.

You are not going to believe this.

Det her kommer du ikke til at tro på.

to buy

købe

Buy me a bread, please.

the motorcycle

motorcykel

He drives a motorcycle.

eller

Do you prefer coffee or tea?

Are you going to buy a car or a motorcycle?

Skal du købe en bil eller en motorcykel?

*Adverbier* Et adverbium er et ord, der modificerer (beskriver) et verbum, et adjektiv, et andet adverbium eller endda en hel sætning, f.eks: "very", "really", "too", osv. Eksempler: "He is very tall." "I really like him." "The dress is too expensive." "Fortunately, I brought an umbrella."

very

meget

You look very tired.