Curso para principiantes (A1/A2)las palabras inglesas

*Welcome to the Beginners Course!* ¡Este curso te guiará a través de lo básico y te ayudará a comenzar a usar el inglés en situaciones cotidianas! Aprenderás a formar oraciones, usar tiempos verbales esenciales y ampliar tu vocabulario con palabras prácticas que puedes usar todos los días. ¡Antes de sumergirnos, calentemos con algunas palabras y frases útiles para que comiences!
to change
cambiar
I need to change my clothes.
to improve
mejorar
I want to improve my English skills.
I want to improve my English.
Quiero mejorar mi inglés.
The weather can change quickly.
El clima puede cambiar rápidamente.
to forget
olvidar
She forgot to call her friend.
Don’t forget your umbrella.
No olvides tu paraguas.
an umbrella
paraguas
I always carry an umbrella in my bag.
I changed my job last year.
Cambié de trabajo el año pasado.
I always forget my keys.
Siempre olvido mis llaves.
to prefer
preferir
I prefer tea to coffee.
to need
necesitar
I need a pencil to write my homework.
I need help.
Necesito ayuda.
I need help with my math homework.
*Bienvenido al curso para principiantes* Empecemos con el verbo "can". Utiliza "can" para hablar de una *posibilidad* o *capacidad.* Utiliza siempre can con otro verbo. Puedes utilizar "can" para formar respuestas cortas como en este ejemplo: "Can you speak English?" - "Yes, I can." "I can" = Puedo hacer algo. / Sé que algo es posible para mí, por ejemplo: "I can dance very well."
I can do it!
¡Puedo hacerlo!
I have studied hard for the exam, and I can do it!
Can you?
¿Puedes?
Can you do that for me?
Yes, you can!
¡Sí, puedes!
Can I do it? - Yes, you can!
to repeat
¿Puedes repetirlo?
Can you repeat it after me?
I can't speak Spanish.
No puedo hablar español. / No sé hablar español.
I can't speak Spanish very well.
They can sing.
Pueden cantar.
My friends can sing all the popular songs.
Can you see
¿Lo ves? / ¿ Puedes verlo?
Can you see the man over there?
*Puede en negativo* Para formar una negativa, añade "not" después de can para formar una sola palabra (can not = can't). ¡Vamos a aprender nuevos verbos! "to repeat" "to sing" "to swim"
He can't sing.
No sabe cantar.
to sing
cantar
I love to sing.
to swim
nadar
He can't swim.
No sabe nadar.
He can't swim, so he prefers to stay by the pool.
Can you repeat it, please?
¿Puede repetirlo, por favor?
They can swim, but I can't.
Ellos saben nadar, pero yo no.
*Pronombres objeto* Un pronombre objeto se refiere a la persona o cosa *afectada por una acción.* Suele ir después de un verbo o una preposición. Por ejemplo: "I spend a lot of time with my family. I love them so much." *(Them* sustituyen a *mi familia*). Los pronombres objeto son: "me" can you tell me? "you" I want to tell you, I'm sorry "him" can you see him? "her" can you hear her? "us" tell us what you think "them" these are my dogs, I love them
I love you.
Te quiero. / Te amo.
I love you very much.
Can you see him?
¿Puedes verlo? / ¿Lo puedes ver?
Can you see him standing over there?
to tell
decir
Can you tell me what you think?
Tell me.
Dime.
Tell me what you see.
Tell me what you think.
Dime qué piensas.
Tell me what you think about the idea.
to ask
preguntar
People always ask questions.
about
sobre, de
I am thinking about you.
Ask her about them.
Pregúntale a ella sobre ellos.
Ask her about her day.
The book is about us.
El libro es sobre nosotros. El libro trata de nosotros.
They made a movie about us.
*Presente contínuo* Utilizamos el presente continuo cuando hablamos de algo que está ocurriendo en este momento. Utilice el verbo auxiliar "to be" en su forma correcta y añada la terminación *-ing* al verbo. "He is sleeping." "You are eating."
My brother is eating.
Mi hermano está comiendo.
My brother is eating a pizza.
It is raining.
Está lloviendo.
It is raining today.
to sleep
dormir
She is sleeping.
to travel
viajar
I love to travel to new places.
They are traveling.
Ellos están viajando.
to fight
luchar
My brothers are fighting.
My brothers are fighting.
Mis hermanos están peleando.
My brothers are fighting.
to draw
dibujar
He can draw a map.
the picture
imagen
The picture is beautiful.
My children are drawing a picture.
Mis hijos están dibujando un dibujo.
She is drawing a picture.
the window
ventana
Open the window, please.
grandma
abuela
My grandma is very nice.
to look out of the window
mirar por la ventana
My grandma is looking out of the window
*Los finales a veces cambian* A veces, la terminación del verbo cambia en el presente continuo. Cuando un verbo termina en *e*, se suprime la *e* y se añade *-ing*: "make" - "making" Cuando un verbo *de una sílaba termina en vocal + consonante*, duplica la consonante final y añade *ing*: "swim" - "swimming" Cuando un verbo termina en vocal + consonante *con acento en la sílaba final*, duplica la consonante y añade *ing*: "begin" - "beginning" *No duplique la consonante* de las palabras con *más de una sílaba* si el acento no está en la sílaba final: "remember" - "remembering"
We are making progress!
¡Estamos progresando!
Are we making progress?
to move
mudarse
He is moving to Spain.
We are moving.
Nosotros nos mudamos.
We are moving next summer.
She is swimming.
Ella está nadando.
She is swimming in the sea.
to begin with
empezar con
We should begin with the hardest task.
I'm beginning with this.
Yo empiezo con esto.
I'm beginning with this task.
to get worse
empeorar
The weather is starting to get worse.
It's getting worse.
Se está poniendo cada vez peor.
Unfortunately, it's getting worse.
*Presente continuo - negación y pregunta* Para formar la negación, coloque "not" delante del verbo principal. "He is not sleeping." "You are not eating." Haz una pregunta *anteponiendo* *am, is* o *are* al *sujeto*. "Is he sleeping?" "Are you eating?"
He is not sleeping.
Él no está durmiendo.
He is not sleeping right now.
right now
ahora mismo
The children aren't sleeping right now.
to shop
comprar
I am not shopping right now.
Is it raining?
¿Está lloviendo?
Is it raining there?
to make a pizza
hacer una pizza
I'm not making a pizza, I'm making pasta.
Is he making progress?
¿Él está progresando?
Is she getting worse?
¿Ella está empeorando?
to look
mirar
Are you looking?
to work
trabajar
They are not working.
Are you beginning right now?
¿Estás empezando ahora mismo?
*Presente simple vs. Presente continuo* Ya sabes que utilizamos el presente simple cuando hablamos de *algo repetitivo* o de nuestros *hábitos* y *lo que nos gusta*. "I go to the gym every week." "I like pizza." Usamos el *presente continuo* cuando hablamos de algo que está ocurriendo *ahora mismo.* Palabras con presente continuo: "right now", "now", "at the moment", "today" "He is singing right now." "We are at school at the moment."
I like these shoes.
Me gustan estos zapatos.
I've been wearing these shoes for months and I still like them.
every day
todos los días
I go to school every day. Do you go to work every day? - Yes l go to work every day.
to study for an exam
estudiar para un examen
I am not studying for the exam now.
a lot
mucho
Do you study a lot? - Yes I study lot.
to listen
escuchar
I like to listen to my favorite songs in the car.
Are you listening to me?
¿Me estás escuchando?
to fall
caerse
Do not fall!
the star
estrella
Look at the star.
A star is falling down!
¡Una estrella se está cayendo!
Look! A star is falling down!
They are working now.
Ahora están trabajando.
Does it snow often here?
¿Nieva a menudo aquí?
to drive
conducir
My mother is driving to work right now.
I'm driving right now.
Estoy conduciendo ahora mismo.
I don't drive.
No conduzco.
I don't drive when I'm sleepy.
*Números cardinales* Los números cardinales se utilizan normalmente cuando se cuentan cosas: "I have two brothers." dar la edad: "I am ten years old." dar su número de teléfono: "My phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven." dar los años: "It happened in nineteen seventy-five (1975)." 1 - "one" 2 - "two" 3 - "three" 4 - "four" 5 - "five" 6 - "six" 7 - "seven" 8 - "eight" 9 - "nine" 10 - "ten"
I am seven years old.
Tengo siete años.
How old are you?
¿Qué edad tienes? / ¿Cuántos años tienes?
five apples
cinco manzanas
There are five apples in the kitchen.
siblings
los hermanos
Do you have any siblings?
How many siblings do you have?
¿Cuántos hermanos tienes?
I don't have any siblings.
No tengo hermanos.
sister
la hermana
I have one sister.
in two weeks
en dos semanas
They are going to visit us in two weeks.
He is leaving in two weeks.
Se va en dos semanas.
the piece
pieza, trozo, parte
a piece of cheese
Can you give me one piece?
¿Me puedes dar un pedazo?
Can you give me one piece of cake?
*Formas comparativas y superlativas de los adjetivos* Para hacer comparaciones, debes utilizar las formas comparativa y superlativa de los adjetivos. Por ejemplo: "tall" - "taller" - "the tallest" "small" - "smaller" - "the smallest" *El comparativo* se utiliza cuando comparamos algunas cualidades y queremos decir que algo tiene mejor / peor calidad, utilizamos el *superlativo* cuando queremos expresar que es el mejor de todos. *Recuerda añadir el artículo definido cuando formes un superlativo.* Utiliza "than" con un *adjetivo comparativo* cuando compares dos cosas o personas.
smaller
más pequeño
The dog is smaller than the cat.
taller
más alto
I'm taller than you.
taller than me
más alto que yo
My brother is taller than me.
My father is taller than you.
Mi padre es más alto que tú.
puppy
cachorro
The smallest puppy is so cute.
to look younger
parecer más joven
You look younger than your age.
You look younger.
Te ves más joven.
the youngest person
la persona más joven
The youngest person in the room.
hard
duro
She works hard.
We work harder.
Trabajamos más duro.
We work harder than before.
the hardest thing
lo más difícil
What's the hardest thing in life?
*Comparación de adjetivos cortos* (adjetivos de una sílaba y adjetivos de dos sílabas terminados en -y) Comparativo: añade la terminación *-er*: "smaller" Superlativo: añade la terminación *-est* y el artículo *the* antes del adjetivo: "the smallest" *Dobla la última letra* si el adjetivo termina en consonante, vocal, consonante: "big" - "bigger" - "the biggest" *Cambiar Y por I* cuando el adjetivo termina en consonante + Y "funny" - "funnier" - "the funniest"
My car is faster than yours.
Mi coche es más rápido que el tuyo.
funny
divertido
I like funny people.
the joke
la broma
She could laugh and joke with her colleagues.
This is the funniest joke in the world.
Este es el chiste más gracioso del mundo.
big
grande
Big eyes are beautiful.
Our house is bigger than yours.
Nuestra casa es más grande que la vuestra.
hot
caliente
It was hot inside the hall.
This is the hottest chilli pepper.
Este es el chile más picante.
nice
bonito
We had a nice time.
the place
lugar
The garden is a peaceful place.
We are moving to a nicer place.
Nos mudamos a un lugar más agradable.
wet
húmedo
He slipped on the wet rock.
the world
mundo
He tries to save the world.
What is the wettest place in the world?
¿Cuál es el lugar más húmedo del mundo?
*Comparación de adjetivos largos* (adjetivos de 2 sílabas - todos excepto los acabados en -y y los adjetivos de 3 o más sílabas) Para formar un comparativo, añade MORE antes de la forma básica "more beautiful" Para formar un superlativo, añade el artículo definido y la palabra MOST antes de la forma básica "the most beautiful" "It's more useful than you think." "That's the most complicated exam!"
She is the most beautiful woman.
Es la mujer más hermosa.
more beautiful
más hermoso
You are more beautiful than before.
expensive
caro
That's the most expensive house.
This T-shirt is more expensive than the other one.
Esta camiseta es más cara que la otra.
This book is more interesting than that one.
useful
útil
Aspirin is useful for headaches.
It's more useful than you think.
Es más útil de lo que crees.
Reading books is more useful than you think.
stressful
estresante
This job is very stressful.
It is the most stressful exam.
Es el examen más estresante.
money
el dinero
I counted the money before putting it in my wallet.
important
importante
Your support is very important to me.
delicate
delicado
His health is very delicate. (Jeho zdraví je velmi citlivé.)
Health is more important than money.
La salud es más importante que el dinero.
interesting
interesante
It was an interesting debate.
movie
la película
a movie star
This movie is more interesting.
Esta película es más interesante.
This movie is more interesting than the book.
clever
listo
She is a clever and studious young woman.
My brother is the most clever person.
Mi hermano es la persona más lista.
My brother is the most clever person I know.
*Adjetivos irregulares* Debemos memorizar las formas de los adjetivos irregulares. "good" - "better" - "the best" "bad" - "worse" - "the worst" "far" - "farther/further" - "the farthest/furthest" "little" - "less" - "the least" "much" - "more" - "the most" "It will get better soon." "She is the best teacher in the world!"
I feel much better now.
Me siento mucho mejor ahora.
Thanks for asking, I feel much better now.
the silence
silencio
The silence lasted for about a minute.
the anger
ira
Anger showed in his face.
His silence was worse than his anger.
Su silencio era peor que su ira.
nervous
nervioso
He is very nervous about the performance.
I feel less nervous.
Me siento menos nervioso.
I feel less nervous after meditation.
singer
el/la cantante
Who is your favourite singer?
My sister is the best singer.
Mi hermana es la mejor cantante.
far
lejos
It was not too far away.
to expect
esperar
We expect the best.
She walked farther than she expected.
Caminó más lejos de lo que esperaba.
I thought the store was just around the corner, but I ended up walking farther than I expected.
*Frases en pasado simple* El pasado simple se utiliza para hablar de acciones realizadas en el pasado. Para formar el pasado simple, normalmente se añade "-ed" a la forma base de los verbos regulares. Por ejemplo: "She walked to the store" "He watched TV last night." "to talk" - "talked" "to walk" - "walked" "to watch" - "watched" "to cook" - "cooked" "to visit" - "visited"
We talked.
Hablamos.
We talked about it last night.
I walked there
Fui allí a pie
I walked there for hours
together
juntos
Children play together.
They walked together.
Ellos caminaron juntos.
They walked together to school.
We watched TV together.
Vimos la televisión juntos.
We watched TV together yesterday.
to cook dinner
hacer la cena
My mum cooked dinner for me.
She cooked dinner.
Ella preparó la cena.
She cooked dinner for the children.
to visit
visitar
You can visit us later.
He visited us for dinner.
Vino a cenar con nosotros.
I visited my grandparents for the weekend.
*Pasado simple irregular* Hay muchas formas irregulares del pasado simple en inglés que debes recordar. Veamos dos verbos importantes y sus formas de pasado simple. "to do" - "did" - "I did my homework." "to make" - "made" - "I made pizza."
We did it!
¡Lo hemos conseguido!
the dinner
cena
What's for dinner?
She made dinner.
Ella hizo la cena.
She made him a simple dinner.
Children did the homework.
Los niños hicieron la tarea.
to make an effort
hacer un esfuerzo
We have to make an effort.
to finish
terminar, acabar
We are finishing soon.
I made an effort to finish my work.
Hice un esfuerzo para terminar mi trabajo.
the jam
mermelada
My mom made a delicious jam.
from
de
She made jam from the apples.
She made jam from the apples.
Ella hizo mermelada con las manzanas.
*Pretérito simple de SER* Para sujetos singulares, el pretérito simple de *be* es "was". Para sujetos plurales (y singulares tú), el pretérito simple es "were". "I was at school yesterday." "You were at home." En las oraciones negativas, añada el adverbio *not* y colóquelo *después de la palabra was/were*. Recuerde que la mayoría de las veces se utiliza la forma abreviada en las frases negativas: "wasn't" = "was not" / "weren't" = "were not". "I wasn't at school yesterday." "You weren't at home."
I was there.
Estuve allí.
I was there yesterday.
at home
en casa
You weren't at home when I came.
We were happy.
Éramos felices.
We were happy while we were together.
They were together.
Estaban juntos.
They were together all night.
tired
cansado
I was very tired this morning.
He was tired.
Estaba cansado.
He was tired yesterday.
She was at school.
Ella estaba en la escuela.
She was at school yesterday.
to be sure
estar seguro
I'm not sure about it.
I wasn't sure about it.
No estaba seguro de ello.
yesterday
ayer
The children were at school yesterday.
*Pronombres reflexivos* A menudo utilizamos pronombres reflexivos cuando el sujeto y el objeto de un verbo son el mismo. También cuando queremos señalar que nosotros (u otra persona) hemos hecho algo. Singular: "myself" (I) "yourself" (you) "himself" (he) "herself" (she) "itself" (it) Plural: "ourselves" (we) "yourselves" (you) "themselves" (they) "I did it myself." "We did it ourselves." "I cut myself."
I made the pizza myself.
Hice la pizza yo mismo.
He was impressed that I made the pizza myself instead of ordering takeout.
to hear
oír
He did not want to hear it.
Do you hear yourself?
¿Te escuchas a ti mismo?
themselves
ellos mismos
They did the homework themselves.
to ourselves
para nosotros mismos
We have the house to ourselves.
to talk
hablar
The two are talking.
He talks to himself.
Habla solo.
I washed the car myself.
Lavé el coche yo mismo.
to wish
desear
We wish for peace.
Wish yourself good luck.
Deséate mucha suerte.
*Hablar del tiempo* Utilizamos estas preposiciones de tiempo: "at", "in", y "on". Usamos "at" para dar una hora específica: "at 3 o'clock", "at noon", "at the moment" Utilizamos "in" para meses, años, siglos y periodos largos: "in winter", "in April", "in 1990" Utilizamos "on" para días y fechas: "on Monday", "on the 6th of March"
on Sunday
domingo
Do you want to go out on Sunday?
at the moment
en este momento
I'm not in the office at the moment.
necessary
necesario
It's not necessary for you to be here.
At the moment it's not necessary.
En este momento no es necesario.
at 3 o'clock
a las 3
The class starts at 3 o'clock.
in summer
en verano
The sun shines in summer.
It rains a lot in autumn.
En otoño llueve mucho.
I was born in ...
Nací en ...
I was born in 1999.
*Futuro - GOING TO* Expresa un plan o una intención ya decidida o una predicción lógica para el futuro. Palabras señal: "in one year" "next week" "next year" "next month" "tomorrow" "soon", etc. "I am going to meet my friend next week." "They are going to talk about his future tomorrow."
I am going to leave tomorrow.
Me voy a ir mañana.
to miss (sth)
extrañar, perder
Do not miss this! They are going to miss the bus.
They are going to miss the bus.
Van a perder el autobús.
to talk about
hablar de
We are going to talk about it.
soon
pronto
I will be home soon.
I'm going to go soon.
Me iré pronto.
to meet
conocer
I'm going to meet my friends.
next week
próxima semana
We are going to leave next week.
I am going to see a doctor tomorrow.
Mañana voy al médico.
*Futuro - preguntas y negación* Para formar la negación, basta con añadir "not" antes de "going to": "We are not going to sleep tonight." Para formar una pregunta, cambie el sujeto por el verbo "to be": "Are you going to be there?"
Are you going to be there?
¿Vas a estar allí?
the tea
té
Do you drink tea?
the coffee
café
I want a cup of coffee.
Are you going to drink coffee or tea?
¿Vas a tomar un café o un té?
to believe
creer
I believe in destiny.
You are not going to believe this.
No te vas a creer esto.
to buy
comprar
Buy me a bread, please.
the motorcycle
la moto
He drives a motorcycle.
or
o
Do you prefer coffee or tea?
Are you going to buy a car or a motorcycle?
¿Vas a comprar un coche o una moto?
*Adverbios* Un adverbio es una palabra que modifica (describe) un verbo, un adjetivo, otro adverbio o incluso una frase entera, por ejemplo: "very", "really", "too", etc. Ejemplos: "He is very tall." "I really like him." "The dress is too expensive." "Fortunately, I brought an umbrella."
very
muy
You look very tired.
Thank you very much!
¡Muchas gracias!
almost
casi
She is almost perfect.
to like
gustar
I like this movie.
I really like you.
Me gustas mucho.
I just wanted to tell you that I really like you.
too loud
demasiado fuerte
The music is too loud.
It's too expensive.
Es demasiado caro.
to feel
sentir
How do you feel?
I feel bad.
Me siento mal.
I feel bad about what happened.
fortunately
afortunadamente
Fortunately, I did my homework.
You study hard.
Estudias mucho.
See you very soon!
¡Nos vemos muy pronto!
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