Kursus algajatele (A1/A2)Ingliskeelsed sõnad

by DuoCards

*Tere tulemast algajate kursusele!* See kursus juhendab teid läbi põhitõdede ja aitab teil hakata inglise keelt igapäevastes olukordades kasutama! Õpite moodustama lauseid, kasutama olulisi ajavorme ja laiendama oma sõnavara praktiliste sõnadega, mida saate iga päev kasutada. Enne kui alustame, teeme soojenduseks läbi mõned kasulikud sõnad ja väljendid, mis aitavad teil alustada!

to change

muuta

I need to change my clothes.

to improve

parendama

I want to improve my English skills.

I want to improve my English.

Ma tahan oma inglise keelt parandada.

The weather can change quickly.

Ilm võib kiiresti muutuda.

to forget

unustama

She forgot to call her friend.

Don’t forget your umbrella.

Ära unusta oma vihmavarju.

an umbrella

vihmavari

I always carry an umbrella in my bag.

I changed my job last year.

Ma vahetasin eelmisel aastal töökohta.

I always forget my keys.

Ma unustan alati oma võtmed.

to prefer

eelistama

I prefer tea to coffee.

to need

vajama

I need a pencil to write my homework.

I need help.

Ma vajan abi.

I need help with my math homework.

*Tere tulemast algajate kursusele!* Alustame verbi "can". Kasutage "can", et rääkida *võimalusest* või *võimest*. Kasutage can alati koos mõne teise verbi puhul. Võite kasutada "can" lühivastuste moodustamiseks, nagu selles näites: "Can you speak English?" - "Yes, I can." "I can" = ma võin midagi teha. / Ma tean, et midagi on minu jaoks võimalik, näiteks: "I can dance very well."

I can do it!

Ma saan sellega hakkama!

I have studied hard for the exam, and I can do it!

Can you?

Kas sa oskad?

Can you do that for me?

Yes, you can!

Jah, sa suudad!

Can I do it? - Yes, you can!

to repeat

Kas saaksite seda korrata?

Can you repeat it after me?

I can't speak Spanish.

Ma ei räägi hispaania keelt.

I can't speak Spanish very well.

They can sing.

Nad oskavad laulda.

My friends can sing all the popular songs.

Can you see

Kas sa näed?

Can you see the man over there?

*Saab negatiivselt* Et teha eitus, lisage "not" pärast can, et moodustada üks sõna (can not = can't). Õpime uusi verbe! "to repeat" "to sing" "to swim"

He can't sing.

Ta ei oska laulda.

to sing

laulma

I love to sing.

to swim

ujuma

He can't swim.

Ta ei oska ujuda.

He can't swim, so he prefers to stay by the pool.

Can you repeat it, please?

Kas te saaksite seda korrata, palun?

They can swim, but I can't.

Nemad oskavad ujuda, aga mina mitte.

*Objektpronoomenid* Objektpronoomen viitab isikule või asjale, *keda tegevus mõjutab*. Tavaliselt järgneb see verbile või prepositsioonile. Näiteks: "I spend a lot of time with my family. I love them so much." *(Nad* asendavad *minu perekonda*.) Objektpronoomenid on järgmised: "me" "you" "him" "her" "us" "them"

I love you.

Ma armastan sind.

I love you very much.

Can you see him?

Kas sa näed teda?

Can you see him standing over there?

to tell

ütlema

Can you tell me what you think?

Tell me.

Ütle mulle.

Tell me what you see.

Tell me what you think.

Ütle meile, mida sa arvad.

Tell me what you think about the idea.

to ask

küsima

People always ask questions.

about

kohta

I am thinking about you.

Ask her about them.

Küsi tema käest nende kohta.

Ask her about her day.

The book is about us.

See raamat räägib meist.

They made a movie about us.

*Pidev olevik* Me kasutame pidevat olevikuvormi, kui räägime millestki, mis toimub just praegu. Kasutage abiverbi "to be" õiges vormis ja lisage verbile lõpp *-ing*. "He is sleeping." "You are eating."

My brother is eating.

Mu vend sööb.

My brother is eating a pizza.

It is raining.

Sajab vihma.

It is raining today.

to sleep

magama

She is sleeping.

to travel

reisima

I love to travel to new places.

They are traveling.

Nad on reisil.

to fight

võitlema

My brothers are fighting.

Mu vennad kaklevad.

My brothers are fighting.

to draw

joonistama

He can draw a map.

the picture

pilt

The picture is beautiful.

My children are drawing a picture.

Mu lapsed joonistavad pilti.

She is drawing a picture.

the window

aken

Open the window, please.

grandma

vanaema

My grandma is very nice.

to look out of the window

aknast välja vaatama

My grandma is looking out of the window

*Lõpud muutuvad mõnikord* Mõnikord muutub verbi lõpp oleviku pidevas ajas. Kui verbi lõpeb *e-le*, jäta *e* ära ja lisa *-ing*: "make" - "making" Kui *ühesilbiline verb lõpeb häälikuga + konsonant*, kahekordistage lõppkonsonant ja lisage *ing*: "swim" - "swimming" Kui verb lõpeb *vokaaliga + konsonandiga, mille rõhk on viimasel silbil*, kahekordistatakse konsonant ja lisatakse *ing*: "begin" - "beginning" *Rohkem kui ühe silbiga* sõnade puhul *ei tohi konsonanti kahekordistada*, kui rõhk ei ole viimasel silbil: "remember" - - "remembering"

We are making progress!

Me teeme edusamme!

Are we making progress?

to move

liigutama / kolima

He is moving to Spain.

We are moving.

Me kolime.

We are moving next summer.

She is swimming.

Ta ujub.

She is swimming in the sea.

to begin with

alustuseks

We should begin with the hardest task.

I'm beginning with this.

Ma alustan sellega.

I'm beginning with this task.

to get worse

halvenema

The weather is starting to get worse.

It's getting worse.

See läheb järjest hullemaks.

Unfortunately, it's getting worse.

*Pidev olevik - eitus ja küsimus* Negatsiooni moodustamiseks asetage "not" põhiverbi ette. "He is not sleeping." "You are not eating." Tehke küsimus, pannes *subjekti* ette *am, is* või *are*. "Is he sleeping?" "Are you eating?"

He is not sleeping.

Ta ei maga.

He is not sleeping right now.

right now

praegu

The children aren't sleeping right now.

to shop

ostlema

I am not shopping right now.

Is it raining?

Kas sajab vihma?

Is it raining there?

to make a pizza

pizzat tegema

I'm not making a pizza, I'm making pasta.

Is he making progress?

Kas ta teeb edusamme?

Is she getting worse?

Kas tema seisund halveneb?

to look

vaatama

Are you looking?

to work

töötama

They are not working.

Are you beginning right now?

Kas sa alustad praegu?

*Lihtne olevik vs. pidev olevik* Te juba teate, et me kasutame lihtsat olevikuvormi, kui räägime *millestki korduvast* või oma *harjumustest* ja *sellest, mis meile meeldib*. "I go to the gym every week." "I like pizza." Me kasutame *oleviku jätkuvat aega*, kui räägime millestki, mis toimub *just praegu*. Märgusõnad, mille puhul on tegemist oleviku jätkuvusega: "right now", "now", "at the moment", "today" "He is singing right now." "We are at school at the moment."

I like these shoes.

Mulle meeldivad need kingad.

I've been wearing these shoes for months and I still like them.

every day

iga päev

I go to school every day. Do you go to work every day? - Yes l go to work every day.

to study for an exam

eksamiks õppima

I am not studying for the exam now.

a lot

palju

Do you study a lot? - Yes I study lot.

to listen

kuulama

I like to listen to my favorite songs in the car.

Are you listening to me?

Kas sa kuulad mind?

to fall

kukkuma

Do not fall!

the star

täht

Look at the star.

A star is falling down!

Langev täht!

Look! A star is falling down!

They are working now.

Nad töötavad praegu.

Does it snow often here?

Kas siin sajab tihti lund?

to drive

juhtima

My mother is driving to work right now.

I'm driving right now.

Ma sõidan praegu autoga.

I don't drive.

Ma ei juhi autot.

I don't drive when I'm sleepy.

*Kardinaalsed numbrid* Kardinaalnumbreid kasutatakse tavaliselt siis, kui: loed asju: "I have two brothers." annad oma vanuse: "I am ten years old." anna oma telefoninumber: "My phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven." annad aastaid: "It happened in nineteen seventy-five (1975)." 1 - "one" 2 - "two" 3 - "three" 4 - "four" 5 - "five" 6 - "six" 7 - "seven" 8 - "eight" 9 - "nine" 10 - "ten"

I am seven years old.

Ma olen seitsmeaastane.

How old are you?

Kui vana sa oled?

five apples

viis õuna

There are five apples in the kitchen.

siblings

õed-vennad

Do you have any siblings?

How many siblings do you have?

Kui palju sul õdesid-vendi on?

I don't have any siblings.

Mul ei ole õdesid-vendi.

sister

õde

I have one sister.

in two weeks

kahe nädala pärast

They are going to visit us in two weeks.

He is leaving in two weeks.

Ta lahkub kahe nädala pärast.

the piece

tükk

a piece of cheese

Can you give me one piece?

Kas sa saaksid mulle ühe tüki anda?

Can you give me one piece of cake?

*Adjektiivide võrdlevad ja ülivõrreldavad vormid* Võrdluste tegemiseks on vaja kasutada omadussõnade võrdlevat ja ülivõrdlevat vormi. Näiteks: "tall" - "taller" - "the tallest" "small" - "smaller" - "the smallest" *Võrdlusvormi* kasutatakse siis, kui me võrdleme mõningaid omadusi ja tahame öelda, et midagi on parema/halvema kvaliteediga, *superlatiivivormi* kasutame siis, kui tahame väljendada, et see on kõige parem. *Superlatiivivormi moodustamisel ärge unustage kindla artikli lisamist.* Kasutage "than" koos *võrdleva omadussõnaga*, kui võrdlete kahte asja või inimest.

smaller

väiksem

The dog is smaller than the cat.

taller

pikem

I'm taller than you.

taller than me

minust pikem

My brother is taller than me.

My father is taller than you.

Mu isa on sinust pikem.

puppy

kutsikas

The smallest puppy is so cute.

to look younger

noorem välja nägema

You look younger than your age.

You look younger.

Te näete noorem välja.

the youngest person

noorim inimene

The youngest person in the room.

hard

kõvasti

She works hard.

We work harder.

Me töötame kõvemini.

We work harder than before.

the hardest thing

kõige raskem asi

What's the hardest thing in life?

*Lühikeste omadussõnade võrdlus* (ühesilbilised adjektiivid ja kahesilbilised adjektiivid, mis lõpevad -y) Võrdlus: lisada lõpp *-er*: "smaller" Superlatiiv: lisage lõpp *-est* ja artikkel *the* enne omadussõna: "the smallest" *Topelduge viimane täht*, kui omadussõna lõpeb konsonandile, vokaalile, konsonandile: "big" - "bigger" - "the biggest" *Muuda Y I-ks*, kui omadussõna lõpeb konsonandiga + Y. "funny" - "funnier" - - - - - - - - "the funniest"

My car is faster than yours.

Minu auto on kiirem kui sinu oma.

funny

naljakas

I like funny people.

the joke

nali

She could laugh and joke with her colleagues.

This is the funniest joke in the world.

See on maailma naljakaim anekdoot.

big

suur

Big eyes are beautiful.

Our house is bigger than yours.

Meie maja on suurem kui teie oma.

hot

kuum

It was hot inside the hall.

This is the hottest chilli pepper.

See on kõige tulisem tšillipipar.

nice

kena

We had a nice time.

the place

koht

The garden is a peaceful place.

We are moving to a nicer place.

Me kolime kenamasse kohta.

wet

märg

He slipped on the wet rock.

the world

maailm

He tries to save the world.

What is the wettest place in the world?

Mis on maailma kõige märjem paik?

*Pikkade omadussõnade võrdlus* (2-silbilised omadussõnad - kõik, välja arvatud need, mis lõpevad -y ja 3- või enamasilbilised omadussõnad) Võrdlusvormi moodustamiseks lisage põhivormi ette MORE "more beautiful" Superlatiivi moodustamiseks lisage enne põhivormi "the most beautiful" "It's more useful than you think." "That's the most complicated exam!" kindla artikli ja sõna MOST.

She is the most beautiful woman.

Ta on kõige ilusam naine.

more beautiful

kaunim

You are more beautiful than before.

expensive

kallis

That's the most expensive house.

This T-shirt is more expensive than the other one.

See särk on kallim kui see teine.

This book is more interesting than that one.

useful

kasulik

Aspirin is useful for headaches.

It's more useful than you think.

See on kasulikum, kui sa arvad.

Reading books is more useful than you think.

stressful

pingeline

This job is very stressful.

It is the most stressful exam.

See on kõige stressirohkem eksam.

money

raha

I counted the money before putting it in my wallet.

important

oluline

Your support is very important to me.

delicate

tundlik

His health is very delicate. (Jeho zdraví je velmi citlivé.)

Health is more important than money.

Tervis on olulisem kui raha.

interesting

huvitav

It was an interesting debate.

movie

film

a movie star

This movie is more interesting.

See film on huvitavam.

This movie is more interesting than the book.

clever

nutikas

She is a clever and studious young woman.

My brother is the most clever person.

Mu vend on kõige nutikam inimene.

My brother is the most clever person I know.

*Ebaregulaarsed omadussõnad* Me peame meelde jätma ebaregulaarsete omadussõnade vormid. "good" - "better" - "the best" "bad" - "worse" - "the worst" "far" - "farther/further" - "the farthest/furthest" "little" - "less" - "the least" "much" - "more" "the most" "It will get better soon." "She is the best teacher in the world!"

I feel much better now.

Ma tunnen end nüüd palju paremini.

Thanks for asking, I feel much better now.

the silence

vaikus

The silence lasted for about a minute.

the anger

viha

Anger showed in his face.

His silence was worse than his anger.

Tema vaikus oli hullem kui tema viha.

nervous

närviline

He is very nervous about the performance.

I feel less nervous.

Ma tunnen end vähem närvilisena.

I feel less nervous after meditation.

singer

laulja

Who is your favourite singer?

My sister is the best singer.

Minu õde on parim laulja.

far

kaugel

It was not too far away.

to expect

ootama

We expect the best.

She walked farther than she expected.

Ta kõndis kaugemale, kui oli oodanud.

I thought the store was just around the corner, but I ended up walking farther than I expected.

*Fraasid mineviku lihtsas ajas* Mineviku lihtlauseid kasutatakse minevikus sooritatud tegevustest rääkimiseks. Mineviku lihtsa aja moodustamiseks lisatakse tavaliselt tavapäraste verbide põhivormile "-ed". Näiteks: "She walked to the store" "He watched TV last night." "to talk" - "talked" "to walk" - "walked" "to watch" - "watched" "to cook" - "cooked" "to visit" - - "visited"

We talked.

Me rääkisime.

We talked about it last night.

I walked there

Ma läksin sinna jalgsi

I walked there for hours

together

koos

Children play together.

They walked together.

Nad kõndisid koos.

They walked together to school.

We watched TV together.

Me vaatasime koos televiisorit.

We watched TV together yesterday.

to cook dinner

õhtusööki valmistama

My mum cooked dinner for me.

She cooked dinner.

Ta valmistas õhtusöögi.

She cooked dinner for the children.

to visit

külastama

You can visit us later.

He visited us for dinner.

Ta käis meil õhtust söömas.

I visited my grandparents for the weekend.

*Ebaregulaarne mineviku lihtminevik* Inglise keeles on palju ebaregulaarseid minevikuvorme, mida peate meeles pidama. Vaatleme kahte olulist verbi ja nende mineviku lihtvormi! "to do" - "did" - "I did my homework." "to make" - "made" - - "I made pizza."

We did it!

Me tegime selle ära!

the dinner

õhtusöök

What's for dinner?

She made dinner.

Ta tegi õhtusööki.

She made him a simple dinner.

Children did the homework.

Lapsed tegid kodutöid.

to make an effort

pingutama

We have to make an effort.

to finish

lõpetama

We are finishing soon.

I made an effort to finish my work.

Nägin vaeva, et oma töö lõpetada.

the jam

moos

My mom made a delicious jam.

from

alates

She made jam from the apples.

Ta tegi õuntest moosi.

*TO BE mineviku lihtminevik* Ainsuses olevate subjektide puhul on *olema* lihtminevik "was". Mitmuse subjektide (ja ainsuse sa) puhul on mineviku lihtminevik "were". "I was at school yesterday." "You were at home." Negatiivsetes lausetes lisage adverb *ei* ja pange see *sõna oli/oli järele*. Pidage meeles, et enamasti kasutatakse negatiivsetes lausetes lühendatud vormi: "wasn't" = "was not" / "weren't" = "were not". "I wasn't at school yesterday." "You weren't at home."

I was there.

Ma olin seal.

I was there yesterday.

at home

kodus

You weren't at home when I came.

We were happy.

Me olime õnnelikud.

We were happy while we were together.

They were together.

Nad olid koos.

They were together all night.

tired

väsinud

I was very tired this morning.

He was tired.

Ta oli väsinud.

He was tired yesterday.

She was at school.

Ta oli koolis.

She was at school yesterday.

to be sure

olema kindel

I'm not sure about it.

I wasn't sure about it.

Ma ei olnud selles kindel.

yesterday

eile

The children were at school yesterday.

*Refleksiivpronoomenid* Me kasutame sageli refleksiivpronoomenit, kui verbi subjekt ja objekt on samad. Samuti siis, kui tahame rõhutada, et meie (või keegi teine) on midagi teinud. Ainsuses: "myself" (mina) "yourself" (sina) "himself" (ta) "herself" (naine) "itself" (see) Mitmuses: "ourselves" (me) "yourselves" (te) "themselves" (nad) "I did it myself." "We did it ourselves." "I cut myself."

I made the pizza myself.

Tegin pitsa ise.

He was impressed that I made the pizza myself instead of ordering takeout.

to hear

kuulma

He did not want to hear it.

Do you hear yourself?

Kas sa kuuled ennast?

themselves

ise

They did the homework themselves.

to ourselves

iseendale

We have the house to ourselves.

to talk

rääkima

The two are talking.

He talks to himself.

Ta räägib iseendaga.

I washed the car myself.

Pesin auto ise puhtaks.

to wish

soovima

We wish for peace.

Wish yourself good luck.

Soovi endale edu.

*Rääkides ajast* Me kasutame neid ajaprepositsioone: "at", "in" ja "on". Konkreetse aja nimetamiseks kasutame "at": "kell 3", "kell 12", "hetkel". Kasutame "in" kuude, aastate, sajandite ja pikkade perioodide jaoks: "talvel", "aprillis", "1990" Kasutame "on" päevade ja kuupäevade jaoks: "esmaspäeval", "6. märtsil"

on Sunday

pühapäeval

Do you want to go out on Sunday?

at the moment

hetkel

I'm not in the office at the moment.

necessary

vajalik

It's not necessary for you to be here.

At the moment it's not necessary.

Praegusel hetkel ei ole see vajalik.

at 3 o'clock

kell 3

The class starts at 3 o'clock.

in summer

suvel

The sun shines in summer.

It rains a lot in autumn.

Sügisel sajab palju vihma.

I was born in ...

Ma sündisin ...

I was born in 1999.

*Tulevik - GOING TO* Väljendab kava või kavatsust, mis on juba otsustatud, või loogilist prognoosi tulevikuks. Märksõnad: "in one year" "next week" "next year" "next month" "tomorrow" "soon", jne. "I am going to meet my friend next week." "They are going to talk about his future tomorrow."

I am going to leave tomorrow.

Ma lahkun homme.

to miss (sth)

maha magama

Do not miss this! They are going to miss the bus.

They are going to miss the bus.

Nad jäävad bussist maha.

to talk about

rääkima

We are going to talk about it.

soon

varsti

I will be home soon.

I'm going to go soon.

Ma lähen varsti.

to meet

kohtuma

I'm going to meet my friends.

next week

järgmine nädal

We are going to leave next week.

I am going to see a doctor tomorrow.

Ma lähen homme arsti juurde.

*Tulevik - küsimused ja eitamine* Negatsiooni moodustamiseks lisage lihtsalt "not" enne "going to": "We are not going to sleep tonight." Küsimuse moodustamiseks vahetage subjekt verbiga "to be": "Are you going to be there?"

Are you going to be there?

Kas sa oled seal?

the tea

tee

Do you drink tea?

the coffee

kohv

I want a cup of coffee.

Are you going to drink coffee or tea?

Kas te joote kohvi või teed?

to believe

uskuma

I believe in destiny.

You are not going to believe this.

Sa ei usu seda.

to buy

ostma

Buy me a bread, please.

the motorcycle

mootorratas

He drives a motorcycle.

või

Do you prefer coffee or tea?

Are you going to buy a car or a motorcycle?

Kas kavatsete osta auto või mootorratta?

*Adverbid* Adverb on sõna, mis modifitseerib (kirjeldab) näiteks verbi, omadussõna, teist adverbi või isegi tervet lauset: "very", "really", "too", jne. Näiteid: "He is very tall." "I really like him." "The dress is too expensive." "Fortunately, I brought an umbrella."

very

väga

You look very tired.