Tečaj za početnike (A1/A2)Engleske riječi

by DuoCards

Dobrodošli na tečaj za početnike! Ovaj tečaj će vas voditi kroz osnove i pomoći vam da počnete koristiti engleski u svakodnevnim situacijama! Naučit ćete kako formirati rečenice, koristiti osnovne glagolske oblike i proširiti svoj vokabular s praktičnim riječima koje možete koristiti svaki dan. Prije nego što zaronimo, zagrijmo se s nekoliko korisnih riječi i fraza kako bismo vas pokrenuli!

to change

promijeniti

I need to change my clothes.

to improve

poboljšati

I want to improve my English skills.

I want to improve my English.

Želim poboljšati svoj engleski.

The weather can change quickly.

Vrijeme se može brzo promijeniti.

to forget

zaboraviti

She forgot to call her friend.

Don’t forget your umbrella.

Ne zaboravi svoj kišobran.

an umbrella

kišobran

I always carry an umbrella in my bag.

I changed my job last year.

Prošle sam godine promijenio posao.

I always forget my keys.

Uvijek zaboravljam svoje ključeve.

to prefer

preferirati

I prefer tea to coffee.

to need

trebati

I need a pencil to write my homework.

I need help.

Trebam pomoć.

I need help with my math homework.

*Dobrodošli na početnički tečaj!* Počnimo s glagolom "can". Koristi se "can"za opisivanje *mogućnosti* ili *sposobnosti.* Uvijek koristimo can s drugim glagolom. Možete koristiti "can"za oblikovanje kratkih odgovora kao u ovom primjeru: "Can you speak English?"- "Yes, I can." "I can"= Mogu nešto učiniti. / Znam da je nešto moguće za mene, na primjer "I can dance very well.":

I can do it!

Mogu ja to!

I have studied hard for the exam, and I can do it!

Can you?

Možeš li?

Can you do that for me?

Yes, you can!

Da, ti to možeš!

Can I do it? - Yes, you can!

to repeat

ponoviti

Can you repeat it after me?

I can't speak Spanish.

Ne govorim španjolski.

I can't speak Spanish very well.

They can sing.

Oni znaju pjevati.

My friends can sing all the popular songs.

Can you see

Vidiš li?

Can you see the man over there?

*Može u negativnom* Za negaciju, "not"nakon riječi can dodajemo riječ kako bismo dobili jednu riječ (can not = can't). Učimo nove glagole! "to repeat" "to sing" "to swim"

He can't sing.

On ne zna pjevati.

to sing

pjevati

I love to sing.

to swim

plivati

He can't swim.

On ne zna plivati.

He can't swim, so he prefers to stay by the pool.

Can you repeat it, please?

Možete li to ponoviti, molim vas?

They can swim, but I can't.

Oni znaju plivati, ali ja ne znam.

*Objektne zamjenice* Objektna zamjenica odnosi se na osobu ili stvar *na koju radnja utječe.* Obično dolazi nakon glagola ili prijedloga. Na primjer: "I spend a lot of time with my family. I love them so much."( *Oni* zamjenjuju *moju obitelj* .) Objektne zamjenice su: "me" "you" "him" "her" "us" "them"

I love you.

Volim te.

I love you very much.

Can you see him?

Vidiš li ga?

Can you see him standing over there?

to tell

reći

Can you tell me what you think?

Tell me.

Reci mi.

Tell me what you see.

Tell me what you think.

Reci mi što misliš.

Tell me what you think about the idea.

to ask

pitati

People always ask questions.

about

I am thinking about you.

Ask her about them.

Pitaj je o njima.

Ask her about her day.

The book is about us.

Knjiga je o nama.

They made a movie about us.

*Kontinuirano sadašnje vrijeme* Koristimo sadašnje kontinuirano vrijeme kada govorimo o nečemu što se upravo sada događa. Upotrijebite pomoćni glagol "to be"u ispravnom obliku i dodajte mu završetak *-ing* . "He is sleeping." "You are eating."

My brother is eating.

Moj brat jede.

My brother is eating a pizza.

It is raining.

Pada kiša.

It is raining today.

to sleep

spavati

She is sleeping.

to travel

putovati

I love to travel to new places.

They are traveling.

Na putu su.

to fight

boriti se

My brothers are fighting.

Moja braća se tuku.

My brothers are fighting.

to draw

crtati

He can draw a map.

the picture

slika

The picture is beautiful.

My children are drawing a picture.

Moja djeca crtaju sliku.

She is drawing a picture.

the window

prozor

Open the window, please.

grandma

baka

My grandma is very nice.

to look out of the window

gledati kroz prozor

My grandma is looking out of the window

*Završeci se ponekad mijenjaju* Ponekad se završetak glagola mijenja u sadašnjem kontinuiranom vremenu. Kada glagol završava na *e* , ispustite *e* i dodajte *-ing* : "make"- "making" Kada *jednosložni glagol završava na samoglasnik + suglasnik* , udvostručite završni suglasnik i *dodajte* : "swim"- "swimming" Kada glagol završava na *samoglasnik + suglasnik s naglaskom na posljednjem slogu* , udvostručite suglasnik i *dodajte* : "begin"- "beginning" *Ne udvostručujte suglasnike* u riječima s *više od jednog sloga* ako naglasak nije na posljednjem slogu: "remember"- "remembering"

We are making progress!

Napredujemo!

Are we making progress?

to move

kretati se

He is moving to Spain.

We are moving.

Selimo se.

We are moving next summer.

She is swimming.

Ona pliva.

She is swimming in the sea.

to begin with

za početak

We should begin with the hardest task.

I'm beginning with this.

Počinjem s ovim.

I'm beginning with this task.

to get worse

pogoršati se

The weather is starting to get worse.

It's getting worse.

Postaje sve gore.

Unfortunately, it's getting worse.

*Kontinuirani prezent - negacija i pitanje* Za formiranje negacije, stavite "not"ispred glavnog glagola. "He is not sleeping." "You are not eating." Postavite pitanje stavljanjem *am, is* ili *are* *ispred subjekta* . "Is he sleeping?" "Are you eating?"

He is not sleeping.

On ne spava.

He is not sleeping right now.

right now

upravo sada

The children aren't sleeping right now.

to shop

kupovati

I am not shopping right now.

Is it raining?

Pada li kiša?

Is it raining there?

to make a pizza

napraviti pizzu

I'm not making a pizza, I'm making pasta.

Is he making progress?

Napreduje li?

Is she getting worse?

Pogoršava li joj se stanje?

to look

pogledati

Are you looking?

to work

raditi

They are not working.

Are you beginning right now?

Počinješ li upravo sada?

*Present simple tense vs. Present continuous tense* Već znate da koristimo sadašnje jednostavno vrijeme kada govorimo o *nečemu što se ponavlja* ili o našim *navikama* i *onome što volimo* . "I go to the gym every week." "I like pizza." Koristimo *sadašnje kontinuirano vrijeme* kada govorimo o nečemu što se *upravo sada događa.* Signalne riječi s kontinuiranim prezentom: "right now", "now", "at the moment", "today" "He is singing right now." "We are at school at the moment."

I like these shoes.

Sviđaju mi se ove cipele.

I've been wearing these shoes for months and I still like them.

every day

svaki dan

I go to school every day. Do you go to work every day? - Yes l go to work every day.

to study for an exam

učiti za ispit

I am not studying for the exam now.

a lot

puno

Do you study a lot? - Yes I study lot.

to listen

slušati

I like to listen to my favorite songs in the car.

Are you listening to me?

Slušaš li me?

to fall

pasti

Do not fall!

the star

zvijezda

Look at the star.

A star is falling down!

Pada zvijezda!

Look! A star is falling down!

They are working now.

Sada rade.

Does it snow often here?

Pada li ovdje često snijeg?

to drive

voziti

My mother is driving to work right now.

I'm driving right now.

Trenutačno vozim.

I don't drive.

Ne vozim.

I don't drive when I'm sleepy.

*Kardinalni brojevi* Kardinalni brojevi se obično koriste kada: brojati stvari: "I have two brothers." daj svoje godine: "I am ten years old." daj svoj broj telefona: "My phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven." dati godine: "It happened in nineteen seventy-five (1975)." 1 - "one" 2 - "two" 3 - "three" 4 - "four" 5 - "five" 6 - "six" 7 - "seven" 8 - "eight" 9 - "nine" 10 - "ten"

I am seven years old.

Imam sedam godina.

How old are you?

Koliko imaš godina?

five apples

pet jabuka

There are five apples in the kitchen.

siblings

braća i sestre

Do you have any siblings?

How many siblings do you have?

Koliko imaš braće i sestara?

I don't have any siblings.

Nemam braće ni sestara.

sister

sestra

I have one sister.

in two weeks

za dva tjedna

They are going to visit us in two weeks.

He is leaving in two weeks.

Odlazi za dva tjedna.

the piece

komad

a piece of cheese

Can you give me one piece?

Možeš li mi dati jedan komad?

Can you give me one piece of cake?

*Oblici komparativa i superlativa pridjeva* Za usporedbu potrebno je koristiti komparativ i superlativ pridjeva. Na primjer: "tall"- "taller"- "the tallest" "small"- "smaller"- "the smallest" *Komparativ* se koristi kada uspoređujemo neke kvalitete i želimo reći da je nešto bolje/lošije kvalitete, *superlativ* koristimo kada želimo izraziti da je to najbolje od svih. *Ne zaboravite dodati određeni član kada tvorite oblik superlativa.* Koristite "than"s *komparativom pridjeva* kada uspoređujete dvije stvari ili osobe.

smaller

manji

The dog is smaller than the cat.

taller

viši

I'm taller than you.

taller than me

viši od mene

My brother is taller than me.

My father is taller than you.

Moj otac je viši od tebe.

puppy

štene

The smallest puppy is so cute.

to look younger

izgledati mlađe

You look younger than your age.

You look younger.

Izgledate mlađe.

the youngest person

najmlađa osoba

The youngest person in the room.

hard

teško

She works hard.

We work harder.

Radimo jače.

We work harder than before.

the hardest thing

najteža stvar

What's the hardest thing in life?

*Komparacija kratkih pridjeva* (jednosložni pridjevi i dvosložni pridjevi koji završavaju na -y) Komparativ: dodajte završetak *-er* : "smaller" Superlativ: dodajte završetak *-est* i član *prije* pridjeva: "the smallest" *Udvostruči posljednje slovo* ako pridjev završava na suglasnik, samoglasnik, suglasnik: "big"- "bigger"- "the biggest" *Promijenite Y u I* kada pridjev završava na suglasnik + Y "funny"- "funnier"- "the funniest"

My car is faster than yours.

Moj auto je brži od tvojeg.

funny

smiješan

I like funny people.

the joke

šala

She could laugh and joke with her colleagues.

This is the funniest joke in the world.

Ovo je najsmiješniji vic na svijetu.

big

velik

Big eyes are beautiful.

Our house is bigger than yours.

Naša kuća je veća od vaše.

hot

vruć

It was hot inside the hall.

This is the hottest chilli pepper.

Ovo je najljuća čili papričica.

nice

lijep

We had a nice time.

the place

mjesto

The garden is a peaceful place.

We are moving to a nicer place.

Selimo se na ljepše mjesto.

wet

mokar

He slipped on the wet rock.

the world

svijet

He tries to save the world.

What is the wettest place in the world?

Koje je najvlažnije mjesto na svijetu?

*Komparacija dugih pridjeva* (pridjevi od 2 sloga - svi osim onih koji završavaju na -y i pridjeva od 3 ili više slogova) Da biste formirali komparativ, ispred osnovnog oblika dodajte VIŠE "more beautiful" Za stvaranje superlativa dodajte određeni član i riječ NAJVIŠE prije osnovnog oblika"the most beautiful" "It's more useful than you think." "That's the most complicated exam!"

She is the most beautiful woman.

Ona je najljepša žena.

more beautiful

ljepši

You are more beautiful than before.

expensive

skup

That's the most expensive house.

This T-shirt is more expensive than the other one.

Ova majica je skuplja od one druge.

This book is more interesting than that one.

useful

koristan

Aspirin is useful for headaches.

It's more useful than you think.

Korisnije je nego što mislite.

Reading books is more useful than you think.

stressful

stresno

This job is very stressful.

It is the most stressful exam.

To je najstresniji ispit.

money

novac

I counted the money before putting it in my wallet.

important

važno

Your support is very important to me.

delicate

osjetljiv

His health is very delicate. (Jeho zdraví je velmi citlivé.)

Health is more important than money.

Zdravlje je važnije od novca.

interesting

zanimljiv

It was an interesting debate.

movie

film

a movie star

This movie is more interesting.

Ovaj film je zanimljiviji.

This movie is more interesting than the book.

clever

pametan

She is a clever and studious young woman.

My brother is the most clever person.

Moj brat je najpametnija osoba.

My brother is the most clever person I know.

*Nepravilni pridjevi* Moramo zapamtiti oblike nepravilnih pridjeva. "good"- "better"- "the best" "bad"- "worse"- "the worst" "far"- "farther/further"- "the farthest/furthest" "little"- "less"- "the least" "much"- "more"- "the most" "It will get better soon." "She is the best teacher in the world!"

I feel much better now.

Sada se osjećam puno bolje.

Thanks for asking, I feel much better now.

the silence

tišina

The silence lasted for about a minute.

the anger

bijes

Anger showed in his face.

His silence was worse than his anger.

Njegova šutnja bila je gora od njegova bijesa.

nervous

nervozan

He is very nervous about the performance.

I feel less nervous.

Osjećam se manje nervozno.

I feel less nervous after meditation.

singer

pjevač

Who is your favourite singer?

My sister is the best singer.

Moja sestra je najbolja pjevačica.

far

daleko

It was not too far away.

to expect

očekivati

We expect the best.

She walked farther than she expected.

Otišla je dalje nego što je očekivala.

I thought the store was just around the corner, but I ended up walking farther than I expected.

*Fraze u prošlom jednostavnom vremenu* Prošlo jednostavno vrijeme koristi se za govor o izvršenim radnjama u prošlosti. Da biste formirali prošlo jednostavno vrijeme, obično dodajete "-ed"osnovni oblik pravilnih glagola. Na primjer: "She walked to the store" "He watched TV last night." "to talk"- "talked" "to walk"- "walked" "to watch"- "watched" "to cook"- "cooked" "to visit"- "visited"

We talked.

Razgovarali smo.

We talked about it last night.

I walked there

Otišao sam tamo pješice.

I walked there for hours

together

zajedno

Children play together.

They walked together.

Išli su zajedno.

They walked together to school.

We watched TV together.

Zajedno smo gledali televiziju.

We watched TV together yesterday.

to cook dinner

skuhati večeru

My mum cooked dinner for me.

She cooked dinner.

Skuhala je večeru.

She cooked dinner for the children.

to visit

posjetiti

You can visit us later.

He visited us for dinner.

Posjetio nas je na večeri.

I visited my grandparents for the weekend.

*Nepravilni oblici prošlog jednostavnog vremena* Postoji mnogo nepravilnih oblika prošlog vremena u engleskom jeziku koje trebate zapamtiti. Pogledajmo dva važna glagola i njihove oblike prošlog jednostavnog vremena! "to do"- "did"- "I did my homework." "to make"- "made"- "I made pizza."

We did it!

Uspjeli smo!

the dinner

večera

What's for dinner?

She made dinner.

Napravila je večeru.

She made him a simple dinner.

Children did the homework.

Djeca su napisala domaću zadaću.

to make an effort

uložiti trud

We have to make an effort.

to finish

završiti

We are finishing soon.

I made an effort to finish my work.

Uložio sam trud kako bih završio svoj posao.

the jam

džem

My mom made a delicious jam.

from

She made jam from the apples.

Napravila je džem od jabuka.

*Jednostavno prošlost od BITI* Za subjekte u jednini, jednostavno prošlo vrijeme od *biti* je "was". Za subjekte u množini (i jednini vi), jednostavno prošlo vrijeme je "were". "I was at school yesterday." "You were at home." U niječnim rečenicama dodajte prilog *not* i stavite ga *iza riječi was/were* . Zapamtite da se skraćeni oblik najčešće koristi u niječnim rečenicama: "wasn't"= "was not"/ "weren't"= "were not". "I wasn't at school yesterday." "You weren't at home."

I was there.

Bio sam tamo.

I was there yesterday.

at home

kod kuće

You weren't at home when I came.

We were happy.

Bili smo sretni.

We were happy while we were together.

They were together.

Bili su zajedno.

They were together all night.

tired

umoran

I was very tired this morning.

He was tired.

Bio je umoran.

He was tired yesterday.

She was at school.

Bila je u školi.

She was at school yesterday.

to be sure

biti siguran

I'm not sure about it.

I wasn't sure about it.

Nisam bio siguran u to.

yesterday

jučer

The children were at school yesterday.

*Povratne zamjenice* Često koristimo povratne zamjenice kada su subjekt i objekt glagola isti. Također kada želimo istaknuti da smo mi (ili netko drugi) nešto napravili. Jednina: "myself"(ja) "yourself"(ti) "himself"(on) "herself"(ona) "itself"(to) Množina: "ourselves"(mi) "yourselves"(vi) "themselves"(oni) "I did it myself." "We did it ourselves." "I cut myself."

I made the pizza myself.

Sam sam napravio pizzu.

He was impressed that I made the pizza myself instead of ordering takeout.

to hear

čuti

He did not want to hear it.

Do you hear yourself?

Čuješ li ti sebe?

themselves

sami

They did the homework themselves.

to ourselves

sebi

We have the house to ourselves.

to talk

govoriti

The two are talking.

He talks to himself.

Priča sam sa sobom.

I washed the car myself.

Sam sam oprao auto.

to wish

željeti

We wish for peace.

Wish yourself good luck.

Poželi si sreću.

*Govoreći o vremenu* Koristimo ove prijedloge vremena: "at", "in", i "on". Koristimo "at"za davanje određenog vremena: "at 3 o'clock", "at noon", "at the moment" Koristimo "in"mjesecima, godinama, stoljećima i dugim razdobljima: "in winter", "in April", "in 1990" "on"Za dane i datume koristimo: "on Monday", "on the 6th of March"

on Sunday

u nedjelju

Do you want to go out on Sunday?

at the moment

trenutačno

I'm not in the office at the moment.

necessary

nužno

It's not necessary for you to be here.

At the moment it's not necessary.

Trenutačno to nije potrebno.

at 3 o'clock

u 3 sata

The class starts at 3 o'clock.

in summer

ljeti

The sun shines in summer.

It rains a lot in autumn.

U jesen pada puno kiše.

I was born in ...

Rođen sam ...

I was born in 1999.

*Budućnost - IDE U* Izražava plan ili namjeru o kojoj je već odlučeno ili logično predviđanje za budućnost. Signalne riječi: "in one year" "next week" "next year" "next month" "tomorrow" "soon"itd. "I am going to meet my friend next week." "They are going to talk about his future tomorrow."

I am going to leave tomorrow.

Odlazim sutra.

to miss (sth)

propustiti

Do not miss this! They are going to miss the bus.

They are going to miss the bus.

Pobjeći će im autobus.

to talk about

razgovarati o

We are going to talk about it.

soon

uskoro

I will be home soon.

I'm going to go soon.

Uskoro idem.

to meet

upoznati

I'm going to meet my friends.

next week

sljedeći tjedan

We are going to leave next week.

I am going to see a doctor tomorrow.

Sutra idem liječniku.

*Budućnost - pitanja i negacija* Da biste formirali negaciju, jednostavno dodajte "not"ispred "going to": "We are not going to sleep tonight." Da biste postavili pitanje, promijenite subjekt s glagolom "to be": "Are you going to be there?"

Are you going to be there?

Hoćeš li biti tamo?

the tea

čaj

Do you drink tea?

the coffee

kava

I want a cup of coffee.

Are you going to drink coffee or tea?

Hoćete li piti kavu ili čaj?

to believe

vjerovati

I believe in destiny.

You are not going to believe this.

Nećete vjerovati u ovo.

to buy

kupiti

Buy me a bread, please.

the motorcycle

motocikl

He drives a motorcycle.

ili

Do you prefer coffee or tea?

Are you going to buy a car or a motorcycle?

Namjeravate li kupiti automobil ili motocikl?

*Prilozi* Prilog je riječ koja modificira (opisuje) glagol, pridjev, drugi prilog ili čak cijelu rečenicu, na primjer: "very", "really", "too", itd. Primjeri: "He is very tall." "I really like him." "The dress is too expensive." "Fortunately, I brought an umbrella."

very

vrlo

You look very tired.