Kursus untuk pemula (A1/A2)Kata-kata bahasa Inggris

by DuoCards

*Welcome to the Beginners Course!* Kursus ini akan membimbing Anda melalui dasar-dasar dan membantu Anda mulai menggunakan bahasa Inggris dalam situasi sehari-hari! Anda akan belajar bagaimana membentuk kalimat, menggunakan tenses penting, dan memperluas kosakata Anda dengan kata-kata praktis yang dapat Anda gunakan setiap hari. Sebelum kita mulai, mari kita pemanasan dengan beberapa kata dan frasa berguna untuk memulai!

to change

untuk mengubah

I need to change my clothes.

to improve

untuk meningkatkan

I want to improve my English skills.

I want to improve my English.

Saya ingin meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa Inggris saya.

The weather can change quickly.

Cuaca bisa berubah dengan cepat.

to forget

melupakan

She forgot to call her friend.

Don’t forget your umbrella.

Jangan lupa membawa payungmu.

an umbrella

sebuah payung

I always carry an umbrella in my bag.

I changed my job last year.

Saya berganti pekerjaan tahun lalu.

I always forget my keys.

Saya selalu lupa kunci saya.

to prefer

lebih menyukai

I prefer tea to coffee.

to need

membutuhkan

I need a pencil to write my homework.

I need help.

Saya butuh bantuan.

I need help with my math homework.

*Selamat datang di kursus pemula!* Mari kita mulai dengan kata kerja "can". Gunakan "can" untuk membicarakan *kemungkinan* atau *kemampuan*. Selalu gunakan can dengan kata kerja lain. Anda dapat menggunakan "can" untuk membuat jawaban singkat seperti contoh berikut: "Can you speak English?" - "Yes, I can." "I can" = Saya bisa melakukan sesuatu. / Saya tahu sesuatu itu mungkin bagi saya, misalnya: "I can dance very well."

I can do it!

Aku bisa melakukannya!

I have studied hard for the exam, and I can do it!

Can you?

Bisa?

Can you do that for me?

Yes, you can!

Ya, kamu bisa!

Can I do it? - Yes, you can!

to repeat

Bisa diulangi?

Can you repeat it after me?

I can't speak Spanish.

Saya tidak bisa bahasa Spanyol.

I can't speak Spanish very well.

They can sing.

Mereka bisa menyanyi.

My friends can sing all the popular songs.

Can you see

Kamu lihat?

Can you see the man over there?

*Bisa dalam bentuk negatif* Untuk membuat bentuk negatif, tambahkan "not" setelah can untuk membuat satu kata (can't = tidak bisa). Mari belajar kata kerja baru! "to repeat" "to sing" "to swim"

He can't sing.

Dia tidak bisa menyanyi.

to sing

bernyanyi

I love to sing.

to swim

berenang

He can't swim.

Dia tidak bisa berenang.

He can't swim, so he prefers to stay by the pool.

Can you repeat it, please?

Bisa tolong ulangi lagi?

They can swim, but I can't.

Mereka bisa berenang, tapi aku tidak.

*Kata ganti objek* Kata ganti objek mengacu pada orang atau benda *yang dipengaruhi oleh suatu tindakan.* Biasanya muncul setelah kata kerja atau preposisi. Misalnya: "I spend a lot of time with my family. I love them so much."( *them* menggantikan *my family* .) Kata ganti objek adalah: "me" "you" "him" "her" "us" "them"

I love you.

Aku mencintaimu.

I love you very much.

Can you see him?

Kamu bisa melihatnya?

Can you see him standing over there?

to tell

mengatakan

Can you tell me what you think?

Tell me.

Katakan padaku.

Tell me what you see.

Tell me what you think.

Beritahu kami apa pendapatmu.

Tell me what you think about the idea.

to ask

bertanya

People always ask questions.

about

tentang

I am thinking about you.

Ask her about them.

Tanyakan padanya tentang mereka.

Ask her about her day.

The book is about us.

Buku itu tentang kita.

They made a movie about us.

*Present continuous tense* Kami menggunakan present continuous tense ketika kami berbicara tentang sesuatu yang sedang terjadi saat ini. Gunakan kata kerja bantu "to be"dalam bentuk yang benar dan tambahkan akhiran *-ing* ke kata kerja. "He is sleeping." "You are eating."

My brother is eating.

Kakak laki-laki saya sedang makan.

My brother is eating a pizza.

It is raining.

Sedang hujan.

It is raining today.

to sleep

tidur

She is sleeping.

to travel

bepergian

I love to travel to new places.

They are traveling.

Mereka sedang dalam perjalanan.

to fight

berjuang

My brothers are fighting.

Saudara-saudara laki-laki saya sedang berkelahi.

My brothers are fighting.

to draw

menggambar

He can draw a map.

the picture

gambar itu

The picture is beautiful.

My children are drawing a picture.

Anak-anak saya sedang menggambar sebuah gambar.

She is drawing a picture.

the window

jendela

Open the window, please.

grandma

nenek

My grandma is very nice.

to look out of the window

melihat ke luar jendela

My grandma is looking out of the window

*Akhiran terkadang berubah* Terkadang, akhiran kata kerja berubah dalam present continuous tense. Ketika kata kerja diakhiri dengan *e* , hilangkan *e* dan tambahkan *-ing* : "make"- "making" Ketika *kata kerja satu suku kata diakhiri dengan vokal + konsonan* , gandakan konsonan terakhir dan tambahkan *ing* : "swim"- "swimming" Ketika kata kerja diakhiri dengan *vokal + konsonan dengan penekanan pada suku kata terakhir* , gandakan konsonan dan tambahkan *ing* : "begin"- "beginning" *Jangan menggandakan konsonan* kata dengan *lebih dari satu suku kata* jika penekanannya bukan pada suku kata terakhir: "remember"- "remembering"

We are making progress!

Kita sedang membuat kemajuan!

Are we making progress?

to move

pindah

He is moving to Spain.

We are moving.

Kami sedang pindah

We are moving next summer.

She is swimming.

Dia sedang berenang.

She is swimming in the sea.

to begin with

sebagai permulaan

We should begin with the hardest task.

I'm beginning with this.

Saya mulai dengan ini.

I'm beginning with this task.

to get worse

memburuk

The weather is starting to get worse.

It's getting worse.

Ini semakin parah.

Unfortunately, it's getting worse.

*Present continuous - negasi dan pertanyaan* Untuk membentuk negasi, tempatkan "not"sebelum kata kerja utama. "He is not sleeping." "You are not eating." Ajukan pertanyaan dengan meletakkan *am, is,* atau *are* *di depan subjek* . "Is he sleeping?" "Are you eating?"

He is not sleeping.

Dia tidak sedang tidur.

He is not sleeping right now.

right now

saat ini juga

The children aren't sleeping right now.

to shop

berbelanja

I am not shopping right now.

Is it raining?

Apakah sedang hujan?

Is it raining there?

to make a pizza

membuat pizza

I'm not making a pizza, I'm making pasta.

Is he making progress?

Apakah dia mengalami kemajuan?

Is she getting worse?

Apakah kondisinya semakin memburuk?

to look

melihat

Are you looking?

to work

bekerja

They are not working.

Are you beginning right now?

Apakah kamu baru mau mulai sekarang?

*Present simple tense vs. Present continuous tense* Anda sudah tahu bahwa kita menggunakan present simple tense ketika kita berbicara tentang *sesuatu yang berulang* atau tentang *kebiasaan* kita dan *apa yang kita sukai* . "I go to the gym every week." "I like pizza." Kita menggunakan *present continuous tense* ketika kita membicarakan sesuatu yang sedang terjadi *saat ini.* Kata isyarat dengan present continuous: "right now", "now", "at the moment", "today" "He is singing right now." "We are at school at the moment."

I like these shoes.

Saya suka sepatu ini.

I've been wearing these shoes for months and I still like them.

every day

setiap hari

I go to school every day. Do you go to work every day? - Yes l go to work every day.

to study for an exam

belajar untuk ujian

I am not studying for the exam now.

a lot

banyak

Do you study a lot? - Yes I study lot.

to listen

mendengarkan

I like to listen to my favorite songs in the car.

Are you listening to me?

Kamu dengerin aku nggak?

to fall

jatuh

Do not fall!

the star

bintang

Look at the star.

A star is falling down!

Ada bintang jatuh!

Look! A star is falling down!

They are working now.

Mereka sedang bekerja sekarang.

Does it snow often here?

Apakah di sini sering turun salju?

to drive

mengemudi

My mother is driving to work right now.

I'm driving right now.

Saya sedang menyetir sekarang.

I don't drive.

Saya tidak menyetir.

I don't drive when I'm sleepy.

*Angka Utama* Angka kardinal biasanya digunakan ketika Anda: menghitung sesuatu: "I have two brothers." menyebutkan usia Anda: "I am ten years old." memberikan nomor telepon Anda: "My phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven." menyebutkan tahun: "It happened in nineteen seventy-five (1975)." 1 - "one" 2 - "two" 3 - "three" 4 - "four" 5 - "five" 6 - "six" 7 - "seven" 8 - "eight" 9 - "nine" 10 - "ten"

I am seven years old.

Umur saya tujuh tahun.

How old are you?

Berapa umurmu?

five apples

lima apel

There are five apples in the kitchen.

siblings

saudara kandung

Do you have any siblings?

How many siblings do you have?

Berapa banyak saudara yang kamu punya?

I don't have any siblings.

Saya tidak punya saudara kandung.

sister

saudara perempuan

I have one sister.

in two weeks

dua minggu lagi

They are going to visit us in two weeks.

He is leaving in two weeks.

Dia akan berangkat dalam dua minggu.

the piece

bagian

a piece of cheese

Can you give me one piece?

Boleh minta satu?

Can you give me one piece of cake?

*Bentuk kata sifat komparatif dan superlatif* Untuk membuat perbandingan, Anda perlu menggunakan bentuk kata sifat komparatif dan superlatif. Misalnya: "tall"- "taller"- "the tallest" "small"- "smaller"- "the smallest" *Komparatif* digunakan ketika kita membandingkan beberapa kualitas dan ingin mengatakan bahwa sesuatu memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik / lebih buruk, kita menggunakan *superlatif* ketika kita ingin menyatakan bahwa itu adalah yang terbaik dari semuanya. *Ingatlah untuk menambahkan artikel pasti ketika membentuk bentuk superlatif.* Gunakan "than"dengan *kata sifat komparatif* ketika membandingkan dua hal atau orang.

smaller

lebih kecil

The dog is smaller than the cat.

taller

lebih tinggi

I'm taller than you.

taller than me

lebih tinggi dari saya

My brother is taller than me.

My father is taller than you.

Ayahku lebih tinggi daripada kamu.

puppy

anak anjing

The smallest puppy is so cute.

to look younger

terlihat lebih muda

You look younger than your age.

You look younger.

Anda terlihat lebih muda.

the youngest person

orang termuda

The youngest person in the room.

hard

keras

She works hard.

We work harder.

Kami bekerja lebih keras.

We work harder than before.

the hardest thing

hal yang paling sulit

What's the hardest thing in life?

*Perbandingan kata sifat pendek* (kata sifat satu suku kata dan kata sifat dua suku kata yang berakhiran -y) Perbandingan: tambahkan akhiran *-er*: "smaller" Superlatif: tambahkan akhiran *-est* dan kata sandang *the* sebelum kata sifat: "the smallest" *Gandakan huruf terakhir* jika kata sifat berakhiran konsonan, vokal, konsonan: "big" - "bigger" - "the biggest" *Ubah Y menjadi I* jika kata sifat berakhiran konsonan + Y "funny" - "funnier" - "the funniest"

My car is faster than yours.

Mobil saya lebih cepat dari mobil Anda.

funny

lucu

I like funny people.

the joke

leluconnya

She could laugh and joke with her colleagues.

This is the funniest joke in the world.

Ini adalah lelucon paling lucu di dunia.

big

besar

Big eyes are beautiful.

Our house is bigger than yours.

Rumah kami lebih besar dari milikmu.

hot

panas

It was hot inside the hall.

This is the hottest chilli pepper.

Ini adalah cabai yang paling pedas.

nice

bagus

We had a nice time.

the place

tempat tersebut

The garden is a peaceful place.

We are moving to a nicer place.

Kami pindah ke tempat yang lebih bagus.

wet

basah

He slipped on the wet rock.

the world

dunia

He tries to save the world.

What is the wettest place in the world?

Di mana tempat terbasah di dunia?

*Perbandingan kata sifat yang panjang* (kata sifat 2 suku kata - semuanya kecuali yang berakhiran -y dan kata sifat yang terdiri dari 3 suku kata atau lebih) Untuk membentuk perbandingan, tambahkan MORE sebelum bentuk dasar "more beautiful" Untuk membentuk superlatif, tambahkan kata DEFINITE ARTICLE dan kata MOST sebelum bentuk dasarnya"the most beautiful" "It's more useful than you think." "That's the most complicated exam!"

She is the most beautiful woman.

Dia adalah wanita tercantik.

more beautiful

lebih cantik

You are more beautiful than before.

expensive

mahal

That's the most expensive house.

This T-shirt is more expensive than the other one.

Kaos ini lebih mahal daripada yang satunya.

This book is more interesting than that one.

useful

bermanfaat

Aspirin is useful for headaches.

It's more useful than you think.

Ini lebih berguna daripada yang Anda kira.

Reading books is more useful than you think.

stressful

membuat stres

This job is very stressful.

It is the most stressful exam.

Ini adalah ujian yang paling membuat stres.

money

uang

I counted the money before putting it in my wallet.

important

penting

Your support is very important to me.

delicate

sensitif

His health is very delicate. (Jeho zdraví je velmi citlivé.)

Health is more important than money.

Kesehatan lebih penting daripada uang.

interesting

menarik

It was an interesting debate.

movie

film

a movie star

This movie is more interesting.

Film ini lebih menarik.

This movie is more interesting than the book.

clever

pintar

She is a clever and studious young woman.

My brother is the most clever person.

Kakak laki-laki saya adalah orang yang paling pintar.

My brother is the most clever person I know.

*Kata sifat tidak beraturan* Kita harus menghafal bentuk-bentuk kata sifat tidak beraturan. "good"- "better"- "the best" "bad"- "worse"- "the worst" "far"- "farther/further"- "the farthest/furthest" "little"- "less"- "the least" "much"- "more"- "the most" "It will get better soon." "She is the best teacher in the world!"

I feel much better now.

Saya merasa jauh lebih baik sekarang.

Thanks for asking, I feel much better now.

the silence

keheningan

The silence lasted for about a minute.

the anger

kemarahan

Anger showed in his face.

His silence was worse than his anger.

Diamnya jauh lebih buruk daripada kemarahannya.

nervous

gugup

He is very nervous about the performance.

I feel less nervous.

Saya merasa tidak terlalu gugup.

I feel less nervous after meditation.

singer

penyanyi

Who is your favourite singer?

My sister is the best singer.

Kakak perempuan saya adalah penyanyi terbaik.

far

jauh

It was not too far away.

to expect

mengharapkan

We expect the best.

She walked farther than she expected.

Dia berjalan lebih jauh dari yang dia duga.

I thought the store was just around the corner, but I ended up walking farther than I expected.

*Frasa dalam past simple tense* Past simple tense digunakan untuk membicarakan tindakan yang telah selesai di masa lalu. Untuk membentuk past simple tense, biasanya Anda menambahkan "-ed"bentuk dasar regular verbs. Misalnya: "She walked to the store" "He watched TV last night." "to talk"- "talked" "to walk"- "walked" "to watch"- "watched" "to cook"- "cooked" "to visit"- "visited"

We talked.

Kami mengobrol.

We talked about it last night.

I walked there

Saya jalan kaki ke sana

I walked there for hours

together

bersama

Children play together.

They walked together.

Mereka berjalan bersama.

They walked together to school.

We watched TV together.

Kami menonton TV bersama.

We watched TV together yesterday.

to cook dinner

memasak makan malam

My mum cooked dinner for me.

She cooked dinner.

Dia memasak makan malam.

She cooked dinner for the children.

to visit

mengunjungi

You can visit us later.

He visited us for dinner.

Dia mengunjungi kami untuk makan malam.

I visited my grandparents for the weekend.

*Bentuk past simple tense tidak beraturan* Ada banyak sekali bentuk-bentuk past tense yang tidak beraturan dalam bahasa Inggris yang perlu Anda ingat. Mari kita lihat dua kata kerja penting dan bentuk past simple tense-nya! "to do"- "did"- "I did my homework." "to make"- "made"- "I made pizza."

We did it!

Kita berhasil!

the dinner

makan malam tersebut

What's for dinner?

She made dinner.

Dia memasak makan malam.

She made him a simple dinner.

Children did the homework.

Anak-anak sudah mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah mereka.

to make an effort

berusaha

We have to make an effort.

to finish

menyelesaikan

We are finishing soon.

I made an effort to finish my work.

Saya telah berusaha keras untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya.

the jam

selai tersebut

My mom made a delicious jam.

from

dari

She made jam from the apples.

Dia membuat selai dari apel-apel itu.

*Masa lalu yang sederhana dari TO BE* Untuk subjek tunggal, simple past tense dari *be* adalah "was". Untuk subjek jamak (dan kamu tunggal), simple past tense adalah "were". "I was at school yesterday." "You were at home." Dalam kalimat negatif, tambahkan kata keterangan *not* dan letakkan *setelah kata was/were* . Ingatlah bahwa bentuk singkatnya sering kali digunakan dalam kalimat negatif: "wasn't"= "was not"/ "weren't"= "were not". "I wasn't at school yesterday." "You weren't at home."

I was there.

Saya pernah ke sana.

I was there yesterday.

at home

di rumah

You weren't at home when I came.

We were happy.

Kami dulu bahagia.

We were happy while we were together.

They were together.

Mereka bersama.

They were together all night.

tired

lelah

I was very tired this morning.

He was tired.

Dia lelah.

He was tired yesterday.

She was at school.

Dia tadi di sekolah.

She was at school yesterday.

to be sure

yakin

I'm not sure about it.

I wasn't sure about it.

Aku tidak yakin tentang hal itu.

yesterday

kemarin

The children were at school yesterday.

*Kata ganti refleksif* Kita sering menggunakan kata ganti refleksif ketika subjek dan objek kata kerja sama. Juga ketika kita ingin menunjukkan bahwa kita (atau orang lain) melakukan sesuatu. Tunggal: "myself"(aku) "yourself"(kamu) "himself"(dia) "herself"(dia) "itself"(itu) Jamak: "ourselves"(kami) "yourselves"(kamu) "themselves"(mereka) "I did it myself." "We did it ourselves." "I cut myself."

I made the pizza myself.

Saya membuat pizzanya sendiri.

He was impressed that I made the pizza myself instead of ordering takeout.

to hear

mendengar

He did not want to hear it.

Do you hear yourself?

Apa kamu dengar apa yang kamu katakan?

themselves

sendiri

They did the homework themselves.

to ourselves

untuk diri kita sendiri

We have the house to ourselves.

to talk

berbicara

The two are talking.

He talks to himself.

Dia berbicara pada dirinya sendiri.

I washed the car myself.

Saya mencuci mobil itu sendiri.

to wish

berharap

We wish for peace.

Wish yourself good luck.

Doakan dirimu sendiri semoga beruntung.

*Berbicara tentang Waktu* Kami menggunakan preposisi waktu ini: "at", "in", dan "on". Kami menggunakan "at"untuk memberikan waktu tertentu: "at 3 o'clock", "at noon", "at the moment" Kami menggunakan "in"selama berbulan-bulan, bertahun-tahun, berabad-abad, dan jangka waktu yang lama: "in winter", "in April", "in 1990" Kami menggunakan "on"untuk hari dan tanggal: "on Monday", "on the 6th of March"

on Sunday

pada hari Minggu

Do you want to go out on Sunday?

at the moment

saat ini

I'm not in the office at the moment.

necessary

perlu

It's not necessary for you to be here.

At the moment it's not necessary.

Saat ini hal itu tidak diperlukan.

at 3 o'clock

jam 3

The class starts at 3 o'clock.

in summer

di musim panas

The sun shines in summer.

It rains a lot in autumn.

Sering turun hujan di musim gugur.

I was born in ...

Saya lahir pada tahun ...

I was born in 1999.

*Masa Depan - AKAN* Mengungkapkan rencana atau niat yang telah diputuskan atau prediksi logis untuk masa depan. Kata-kata sinyal: "in one year" "next week" "next year" "next month" "tomorrow" "soon", dll. "I am going to meet my friend next week." "They are going to talk about his future tomorrow."

I am going to leave tomorrow.

Saya akan pergi besok.

to miss (sth)

melewatkan

Do not miss this! They are going to miss the bus.

They are going to miss the bus.

Mereka akan ketinggalan bus.

to talk about

membicarakan tentang

We are going to talk about it.

soon

segera

I will be home soon.

I'm going to go soon.

Aku akan segera pergi.

to meet

bertemu

I'm going to meet my friends.

next week

minggu depan

We are going to leave next week.

I am going to see a doctor tomorrow.

Saya akan pergi ke dokter besok.

*Masa depan adalah pertanyaan dan penolakan* Untuk membentuk negasi, cukup tambahkan "not"sebelumnya "going to": "We are not going to sleep tonight." Untuk membentuk pertanyaan, ganti subjek dengan kata kerja "to be": "Are you going to be there?"

Are you going to be there?

Kamu bakal ada di sana?

the tea

teh tersebut

Do you drink tea?

the coffee

kopinya

I want a cup of coffee.

Are you going to drink coffee or tea?

Anda mau minum kopi atau teh?

to believe

percaya

I believe in destiny.

You are not going to believe this.

Kamu tidak akan percaya ini.

to buy

membeli

Buy me a bread, please.

the motorcycle

sepeda motor

He drives a motorcycle.

atau

Do you prefer coffee or tea?

Are you going to buy a car or a motorcycle?

Apakah Anda berencana untuk membeli mobil atau sepeda motor?

*kata keterangan* Kata keterangan (adverb) adalah kata yang memodifikasi (mendeskripsikan) kata kerja, kata sifat, kata keterangan lain, atau bahkan keseluruhan kalimat, misalnya: "very", "really", "too", dan seterusnya. Contoh: "He is very tall." "I really like him." "The dress is too expensive." "Fortunately, I brought an umbrella."

very

sangat

You look very tired.