Tečaj za začetnike (A1/A2)Angleške besede

by DuoCards

*Welcome to the Beginners Course!* Ta tečaj vas bo vodil skozi osnove in vam pomagal začeti uporabljati angleščino v vsakodnevnih situacijah! Naučili se boste, kako oblikovati stavke, uporabljati osnovne čase in razširiti svoj besedni zaklad s praktičnimi besedami, ki jih lahko uporabljate vsak dan. Preden se poglobimo, se ogrejmo z nekaj uporabnimi besedami in frazami, da začnemo!

to change

spremeniti

I need to change my clothes.

to improve

izboljšati

I want to improve my English skills.

I want to improve my English.

Želim izboljšati svojo angleščino.

The weather can change quickly.

Vreme se lahko hitro spremeni.

to forget

pozabiti

She forgot to call her friend.

Don’t forget your umbrella.

Ne pozabi svojega dežnika.

an umbrella

dežnik

I always carry an umbrella in my bag.

I changed my job last year.

Lani sem zamenjal službo.

I always forget my keys.

Vedno pozabim svoje ključe.

to prefer

preferirati

I prefer tea to coffee.

to need

potrebovati

I need a pencil to write my homework.

I need help.

Potrebujem pomoč.

I need help with my math homework.

*Dobrodošli na tečaju za začetnike!* Začnimo z glagolom "can". Glagol "can" uporabite, če želite govoriti o *možnosti* ali *zmožnosti.* Glagol can vedno uporabljajte z drugim glagolom. Glagol "can" lahko uporabite za oblikovanje kratkih odgovorov, kot v tem primeru: "Can you speak English?" - "Yes, I can." "I can" = I can do something. / Vem, da je nekaj zame mogoče, na primer: "I can dance very well."

I can do it!

Jaz to zmorem!

I have studied hard for the exam, and I can do it!

Can you?

Ali znaš?

Can you do that for me?

Yes, you can!

Da, zmoreš!

Can I do it? - Yes, you can!

to repeat

ponoviti

Can you repeat it after me?

I can't speak Spanish.

Ne govorim špansko.

I can't speak Spanish very well.

They can sing.

Znajo peti.

My friends can sing all the popular songs.

Can you see

Vidiš?

Can you see the man over there?

*Lahko v negativni vrednosti* Če želite tvoriti negativ, za besedo can dodajte "not", da dobite eno besedo (can not = can't). Naučimo se novih glagolov! "to repeat" "to sing" "to swim"

He can't sing.

On ne zna peti.

to sing

peti

I love to sing.

to swim

plavati

He can't swim.

Ne zna plavati.

He can't swim, so he prefers to stay by the pool.

Can you repeat it, please?

Lahko to ponovite, prosim?

They can swim, but I can't.

Oni znajo plavati, jaz pa ne.

*Predmetni zaimki* Predmetni zaimek se nanaša na osebo ali stvar, ki jo *dejanje prizadene.* Običajno stoji za glagolom ali prislovom. Na primer: "I spend a lot of time with my family. I love them so much." (Namesto*njih* je *moja družina*.) Predmetni zaimki so: "me" "you" "him" "her" "us" "them"

I love you.

Ljubim te.

I love you very much.

Can you see him?

Ga vidiš?

Can you see him standing over there?

to tell

reči

Can you tell me what you think?

Tell me.

Povej mi.

Tell me what you see.

Tell me what you think.

Povejte nam, kaj mislite.

Tell me what you think about the idea.

to ask

vprašati

People always ask questions.

about

I am thinking about you.

Ask her about them.

Vprašaj jo o njih.

Ask her about her day.

The book is about us.

Knjiga govori o nas.

They made a movie about us.

*Sedanji neprekinjeni čas* Sedanji čas uporabljamo, kadar govorimo o nečem, kar se dogaja prav zdaj. Uporabite pomožni glagol "to be" v pravilni obliki in glagolu dodajte končnico *-ing*. "He is sleeping." "You are eating."

My brother is eating.

Moj brat je.

My brother is eating a pizza.

It is raining.

Dežuje.

It is raining today.

to sleep

spati

She is sleeping.

to travel

potovati

I love to travel to new places.

They are traveling.

So na poti.

to fight

bojevati se

My brothers are fighting.

Moji bratje se tepeta.

My brothers are fighting.

to draw

risati

He can draw a map.

the picture

slika

The picture is beautiful.

My children are drawing a picture.

Moji otroci rišejo sliko.

She is drawing a picture.

the window

okno

Open the window, please.

grandma

babica

My grandma is very nice.

to look out of the window

gledati skozi okno

My grandma is looking out of the window

*Konci se včasih spremenijo* Včasih se v sedanjiku spremenijo končnice glagola. Kadar se glagol konča na *e*, izpustimo *e* in dodamo *-ing*: "make" - "making" Kadar *se enozložni glagol konča na samoglasnik + soglasnik*, podvojite končni soglasnik in dodajte *ing*: "swim" - "swimming" Kadar se glagol konča na *samoglasnik + soglasnik s poudarkom na zadnjem zlogu*, podvojimo soglasnik in dodamo *ing*: "begin" - "beginning" V besedah z *več kot enim zlogom* *ne podvojite soglasnika*, če poudarek ni na zadnjem zlogu: "remember" - "remembering"

We are making progress!

Napredujemo!

Are we making progress?

to move

premakniti se

He is moving to Spain.

We are moving.

Selimo se.

We are moving next summer.

She is swimming.

Ona plava.

She is swimming in the sea.

to begin with

za začetek

We should begin with the hardest task.

I'm beginning with this.

Začenjam s tem.

I'm beginning with this task.

to get worse

poslabšati se

The weather is starting to get worse.

It's getting worse.

Postaja vse huje.

Unfortunately, it's getting worse.

*Sedanji čas - zanikanje in vprašanje* Če želite tvoriti zanikanje, postavite "not" pred glavni glagol. "He is not sleeping." "You are not eating." Vprašanje tvorite tako, da *pred predmet* postavite *am, is* ali *are*. "Is he sleeping?" "Are you eating?"

He is not sleeping.

Ne spi.

He is not sleeping right now.

right now

ravnokar

The children aren't sleeping right now.

to shop

nakupovati

I am not shopping right now.

Is it raining?

Ali dežuje?

Is it raining there?

to make a pizza

pripraviti pico

I'm not making a pizza, I'm making pasta.

Is he making progress?

Ali napreduje?

Is she getting worse?

Se njeno stanje slabša?

to look

pogledati

Are you looking?

to work

delati

They are not working.

Are you beginning right now?

Ali začenjaš ravno zdaj?

*Sedanji enostavni čas in sedanji neprekinjeni čas* Že veste, da sedanji čas uporabljamo, kadar govorimo o *nečem, kar se ponavlja,* ali o svojih *navadah* in o tem, *kaj nam je všeč*. "I go to the gym every week." "I like pizza." *Sedanji čas* uporabljamo, ko govorimo o nečem, kar se dogaja *prav zdaj.* Signalne besede s sedanjikom: "right now", "now", "at the moment", "today" "He is singing right now." "We are at school at the moment."

I like these shoes.

Všeč so mi ti čevlji.

I've been wearing these shoes for months and I still like them.

every day

vsak dan

I go to school every day. Do you go to work every day? - Yes l go to work every day.

to study for an exam

učiti se za izpit

I am not studying for the exam now.

a lot

veliko

Do you study a lot? - Yes I study lot.

to listen

poslušati

I like to listen to my favorite songs in the car.

Are you listening to me?

Ali me poslušaš?

to fall

pasti

Do not fall!

the star

zvezda

Look at the star.

A star is falling down!

Utrinek pada!

Look! A star is falling down!

They are working now.

Zdaj delajo.

Does it snow often here?

Ali tukaj pogosto sneži?

to drive

voziti

My mother is driving to work right now.

I'm driving right now.

Trenutno vozim.

I don't drive.

Ne vozim.

I don't drive when I'm sleepy.

*Kardinalne številke* Kardinalne številke se običajno uporabljajo, kadar: štejete stvari: "I have two brothers." navedete svojo starost: "I am ten years old." navedite svojo telefonsko številko: "My phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven." navedite leta: "It happened in nineteen seventy-five (1975)." 1 - "one" 2 - "two" 3 - "three" 4 - "four" 5 - "five" 6 - "six" 7 - "seven" 8 - "eight" 9 - "nine" 10 - "ten"

I am seven years old.

Star sem sedem let.

How old are you?

Koliko si star?

five apples

pet jabolk

There are five apples in the kitchen.

siblings

bratje in sestre

Do you have any siblings?

How many siblings do you have?

Koliko bratov in sester imaš?

I don't have any siblings.

Nimam bratov ali sester.

sister

sestra

I have one sister.

in two weeks

čez dva tedna

They are going to visit us in two weeks.

He is leaving in two weeks.

Odpotuje čez dva tedna.

the piece

kos

a piece of cheese

Can you give me one piece?

Mi lahko daš en kos?

Can you give me one piece of cake?

*Primerjalne in presežne oblike pridevnikov* Za primerjavo je treba uporabiti primerjalne in superlativne oblike pridevnikov. Na primer: "tall" - "taller" - "the tallest" "small" - "smaller" - "the smallest" *Primerjalnik* uporabljamo, kadar primerjamo nekatere lastnosti in želimo povedati, da ima nekaj boljšo/ slabšo kakovost, *superlativ* pa uporabljamo, kadar želimo izraziti, da je nekaj najboljše od vseh. *Ne pozabite dodati določnega člena, kadar tvorite superlativno obliko.* Uporabite "than" s *primerjalnim pridevnikom*, kadar primerjate dve stvari ali ljudi.

smaller

manjši

The dog is smaller than the cat.

taller

višji

I'm taller than you.

taller than me

višji od mene

My brother is taller than me.

My father is taller than you.

Moj oče je višji od tebe.

puppy

psiček

The smallest puppy is so cute.

to look younger

izgledati mlajše

You look younger than your age.

You look younger.

Videti ste mlajši.

the youngest person

najmlajša oseba

The youngest person in the room.

hard

trdo

She works hard.

We work harder.

Delamo bolj trdo.

We work harder than before.

the hardest thing

najtežja stvar

What's the hardest thing in life?

*Primerjava kratkih pridevnikov* (enozložni pridevniki in dvozložni pridevniki, ki se končajo na -y) Primerjalnik: dodajte končnico *-er*: "smaller" Superlativ: dodajte končnico *-est* in člen *the* pred pridevnikom: "the smallest" Če se pridevnik konča na soglasnik, samoglasnik, soglasnik,*podvojite zadnjo črko*: "big" - "bigger" - - "the biggest" *Spremeni Y v I,* če se pridevnik konča na soglasnik + Y "funny" - "funnier" - "the funniest"

My car is faster than yours.

Moj avto je hitrejši od tvojega.

funny

zabaven

I like funny people.

the joke

šala

She could laugh and joke with her colleagues.

This is the funniest joke in the world.

To je najbolj smešna šala na svetu.

big

velik

Big eyes are beautiful.

Our house is bigger than yours.

Naša hiša je večja od vaše.

hot

vroč

It was hot inside the hall.

This is the hottest chilli pepper.

To je najbolj pekoč čili.

nice

lep

We had a nice time.

the place

kraj

The garden is a peaceful place.

We are moving to a nicer place.

Selimo se na lepši kraj.

wet

moker

He slipped on the wet rock.

the world

svet

He tries to save the world.

What is the wettest place in the world?

Kateri je najbolj moker kraj na svetu?

*Primerjava dolgih pridevnikov* (pridevniki z dvema zlogoma - vsi razen tistih, ki se končajo na -y, in pridevniki s tremi ali več zlogi) Primerjalnik tvorite tako, da pred osnovno obliko dodate MORE "more beautiful" Če želite tvoriti superlativ, pred osnovno obliko dodajte določni členek in besedo MOST "the most beautiful" "It's more useful than you think." "That's the most complicated exam!"

She is the most beautiful woman.

Ona je najlepša ženska.

more beautiful

lepši

You are more beautiful than before.

expensive

drag

That's the most expensive house.

This T-shirt is more expensive than the other one.

Ta majica je dražja od druge.

This book is more interesting than that one.

useful

uporaben

Aspirin is useful for headaches.

It's more useful than you think.

Bolj uporabno je, kot si mislite.

Reading books is more useful than you think.

stressful

stresen

This job is very stressful.

It is the most stressful exam.

To je najbolj stresen izpit.

money

denar

I counted the money before putting it in my wallet.

important

pomembno

Your support is very important to me.

delicate

občutljiv

His health is very delicate. (Jeho zdraví je velmi citlivé.)

Health is more important than money.

Zdravje je pomembnejše od denarja.

interesting

zanimiv

It was an interesting debate.

movie

film

a movie star

This movie is more interesting.

Ta film je bolj zanimiv.

This movie is more interesting than the book.

clever

pameten

She is a clever and studious young woman.

My brother is the most clever person.

Moj brat je najpametnejša oseba.

My brother is the most clever person I know.

*Nepravilni pridevniki* Zapomniti si moramo oblike nepravilnih pridevnikov. "good" - "better" - "the best" "bad" - "worse" - "the worst" "far" - "farther/further" - "the farthest/furthest" "little" - "less" - "the least" "much" - "more" - "the most" "It will get better soon." "She is the best teacher in the world!"

I feel much better now.

Zdaj se počutim veliko bolje.

Thanks for asking, I feel much better now.

the silence

tišina

The silence lasted for about a minute.

the anger

jeza

Anger showed in his face.

His silence was worse than his anger.

Njegov molk je bil slabši od njegove jeze.

nervous

živčen

He is very nervous about the performance.

I feel less nervous.

Počutim se manj živčnega.

I feel less nervous after meditation.

singer

pevec

Who is your favourite singer?

My sister is the best singer.

Moja sestra je najboljša pevka.

far

daleč

It was not too far away.

to expect

pričakovati

We expect the best.

She walked farther than she expected.

Šla je dlje, kot je pričakovala.

I thought the store was just around the corner, but I ended up walking farther than I expected.

*Frazemi v preteklem enostavnem času* Pretekli enostavni čas se uporablja za govorjenje o opravljenih dejanjih v preteklosti. Za tvorbo preteklega enostavnega časa navadno dodamo "-ed" osnovni obliki navadnih glagolov. Na primer: "She walked to the store" "He watched TV last night." "to talk" - "talked" "to walk" - "walked" "to watch" - "watched" "to cook" - "cooked" "to visit" - "visited"

We talked.

Pogovarjali smo se.

We talked about it last night.

I walked there

Tja sem šel peš.

I walked there for hours

together

skupaj

Children play together.

They walked together.

Šla sta skupaj.

They walked together to school.

We watched TV together.

Skupaj smo gledali televizijo.

We watched TV together yesterday.

to cook dinner

skuhati večerjo

My mum cooked dinner for me.

She cooked dinner.

Skuhala je večerjo.

She cooked dinner for the children.

to visit

obiskati

You can visit us later.

He visited us for dinner.

Obiskal nas je na večerji.

I visited my grandparents for the weekend.

*Nepravilne oblike preteklega časa* V angleščini obstaja veliko nepravilnih oblik preteklega časa, ki si jih morate zapomniti. Oglejmo si dva pomembna glagola in njune oblike preteklega časa! "to do" - "did" - "I did my homework." "to make" - "made" - "I made pizza."

We did it!

Uspelo nam je!

the dinner

večerja

What's for dinner?

She made dinner.

Pripravila je večerjo.

She made him a simple dinner.

Children did the homework.

Otroci so naredili domačo nalogo.

to make an effort

potruditi se

We have to make an effort.

to finish

dokončati

We are finishing soon.

I made an effort to finish my work.

Potrudil sem se, da bi dokončal svoje delo.

the jam

džem

My mom made a delicious jam.

from

She made jam from the apples.

Iz jabolk je naredila marmelado.

*Pretekli obrazec TO BE* Za osebke v ednini je enostavni pretekli čas za *biti* "was". Za množinske predmete (in ednino you) je enostavni pretekli čas biti "were". "I was at school yesterday." "You were at home." V negativnih stavkih dodajte prislov *not* in ga postavite *za besedo was/were*. Ne pozabite, da se v negativnih stavkih največkrat uporablja skrajšana oblika: "wasn't" = "was not" / "weren't" = "were not". "I wasn't at school yesterday." "You weren't at home."

I was there.

Bil sem tam.

I was there yesterday.

at home

doma

You weren't at home when I came.

We were happy.

Bili smo srečni.

We were happy while we were together.

They were together.

Bila sta skupaj.

They were together all night.

tired

utrujen

I was very tired this morning.

He was tired.

Bil je utrujen.

He was tired yesterday.

She was at school.

Bila je v šoli.

She was at school yesterday.

to be sure

biti prepričan

I'm not sure about it.

I wasn't sure about it.

Nisem bil prepričan o tem.

yesterday

včeraj

The children were at school yesterday.

*Povratni zaimki* Pogosto uporabljamo povratne zaimke, kadar sta subjekt in objekt glagola enaka. Tudi kadar želimo poudariti, da smo mi (ali nekdo drug) nekaj storili. Ednina: "myself" (jaz) "yourself" (ti) "himself" (on) "herself" (ona) "itself" (to) Množina: "ourselves" (mi) "yourselves" (ti) "themselves" (oni) "I did it myself." "We did it ourselves." "I cut myself."

I made the pizza myself.

Pico sem pripravil sam.

He was impressed that I made the pizza myself instead of ordering takeout.

to hear

slišati

He did not want to hear it.

Do you hear yourself?

Se sploh slišiš?

themselves

sami

They did the homework themselves.

to ourselves

zase

We have the house to ourselves.

to talk

govoriti

The two are talking.

He talks to himself.

Govori sam s sabo.

I washed the car myself.

Avto sem si opral sam.

to wish

želeti si

We wish for peace.

Wish yourself good luck.

Zaželi si srečo.

*Pogovori o času* Uporabljamo te časovne predložke: "at", "in" in "on". Za navedbo določenega časa uporabljamo "at": "ob treh urah", "opoldne", "v tem trenutku". "in" uporabljamo za mesece, leta, stoletja in daljša obdobja: "pozimi", "aprila", "leta 1990" "on" uporabljamo za dneve in datume: "v ponedeljek", "6. marca"

on Sunday

v nedeljo

Do you want to go out on Sunday?

at the moment

trenutno

I'm not in the office at the moment.

necessary

potrebno

It's not necessary for you to be here.

At the moment it's not necessary.

Trenutno to ni potrebno.

at 3 o'clock

ob treh

The class starts at 3 o'clock.

in summer

poleti

The sun shines in summer.

It rains a lot in autumn.

Jeseni veliko dežuje.

I was born in ...

Rodil sem se leta ...

I was born in 1999.

*Prihodnost - V PRIHODNOST* Izraža načrt ali namero, ki je že bila sprejeta, ali logično napoved za prihodnost. Signalne besede: "in one year" "next week" "next year" "next month" "tomorrow" "soon", itd. "I am going to meet my friend next week." "They are going to talk about his future tomorrow."

I am going to leave tomorrow.

Jutri odhajam.

to miss (sth)

zamuditi (nekaj)

Do not miss this! They are going to miss the bus.

They are going to miss the bus.

Zamudili bodo avtobus.

to talk about

govoriti o

We are going to talk about it.

soon

kmalu

I will be home soon.

I'm going to go soon.

Kmalu bom šel.

to meet

srečati

I'm going to meet my friends.

next week

naslednji teden

We are going to leave next week.

I am going to see a doctor tomorrow.

Jutri grem k zdravniku.

*Prihodnost - vprašanja in zanikanje* Za tvorbo zanikanja preprosto dodajte "not" pred "going to": "We are not going to sleep tonight." Če želite tvoriti vprašanje, zamenjajte predmet z glagolom "to be": "Are you going to be there?"

Are you going to be there?

Boš tam?

the tea

čaj

Do you drink tea?

the coffee

kava

I want a cup of coffee.

Are you going to drink coffee or tea?

Boste pili kavo ali čaj?

to believe

verjeti

I believe in destiny.

You are not going to believe this.

Tega ne boste verjeli.

to buy

kupiti

Buy me a bread, please.

the motorcycle

motorno kolo

He drives a motorcycle.

ali

Do you prefer coffee or tea?

Are you going to buy a car or a motorcycle?

Ali nameravate kupiti avto ali motorno kolo?

*Prislovi* Prislov je beseda, ki spreminja (opisuje) glagol, pridevnik, drug prislov ali na primer celo celoten stavek: "very", "really", "too", itd. Zgledi: npr: "He is very tall." "I really like him." "The dress is too expensive." "Fortunately, I brought an umbrella."

very

zelo

You look very tired.