Kurs za početnike (A1/A2)Engleske reči

by DuoCards

*Welcome to the Beginners Course!* Ovaj kurs će vas voditi kroz osnove i pomoći vam da počnete koristiti engleski u svakodnevnim situacijama! Naučićete kako da formirate rečenice, koristite osnovne glagolske oblike i proširite svoj vokabular sa praktičnim rečima koje možete koristiti svaki dan. Pre nego što zaronimo, hajde da se zagrejemo sa nekoliko korisnih reči i fraza da biste počeli!

to change

promeniti

I need to change my clothes.

to improve

poboljšati

I want to improve my English skills.

I want to improve my English.

Želim da poboljšam svoj engleski.

The weather can change quickly.

Vreme se može brzo promeniti.

to forget

zaboraviti

She forgot to call her friend.

Don’t forget your umbrella.

Ne zaboravi svoj kišobran.

an umbrella

kišobran

I always carry an umbrella in my bag.

I changed my job last year.

Prošle godine sam promenio posao.

I always forget my keys.

Uvek zaboravljam ključeve.

to prefer

preferirati

I prefer tea to coffee.

to need

trebati

I need a pencil to write my homework.

I need help.

Potrebna mi je pomoć.

I need help with my math homework.

*Добродошли на курс за почетнике!* Почнимо са глаголом "can". Користи се "can"да би се описала *могућност* или *способност.* Увек се користи can са другим глаголом. Можете користити "can"за формирање кратких одговора као у овом примеру: "Can you speak English?"- "Yes, I can." "I can"= Могу нешто да урадим. / Знам да је нешто могуће за мене, на пример "I can dance very well.":

I can do it!

Mogu ja to!

I have studied hard for the exam, and I can do it!

Can you?

Možeš li?

Can you do that for me?

Yes, you can!

Da, ti to možeš!

Can I do it? - Yes, you can!

to repeat

ponoviti

Can you repeat it after me?

I can't speak Spanish.

Ne govorim španski.

I can't speak Spanish very well.

They can sing.

Oni umeju da pevaju.

My friends can sing all the popular songs.

Can you see

Vidiš li?

Can you see the man over there?

*Може у негативном* Да бисте направили одричну реч, додајте је "not"после речи can да бисте направили једну реч (can not = can't). Хајде да научимо нове глаголе! "to repeat" "to sing" "to swim"

He can't sing.

On ne ume da peva.

to sing

pevati

I love to sing.

to swim

plivati

He can't swim.

On ne zna da pliva.

He can't swim, so he prefers to stay by the pool.

Can you repeat it, please?

Možete li to ponoviti, molim Vas?

They can swim, but I can't.

Oni umeju da plivaju, ali ja ne.

*Заменице објекта* Објектна заменица се односи на особу или ствар *на коју радња утиче.* Обично долази после глагола или предлога. На пример: "I spend a lot of time with my family. I love them so much."( *Они* замењују *моју породицу* .) Објектне заменице су: "me" "you" "him" "her" "us" "them"

I love you.

Volim te.

I love you very much.

Can you see him?

Vidiš li ga?

Can you see him standing over there?

to tell

reći

Can you tell me what you think?

Tell me.

Reci mi.

Tell me what you see.

Tell me what you think.

Reci nam šta misliš.

Tell me what you think about the idea.

to ask

pitati

People always ask questions.

about

I am thinking about you.

Ask her about them.

Pitaj je o njima.

Ask her about her day.

The book is about us.

Knjiga je o nama.

They made a movie about us.

*Садашње континуирано време* Користимо садашње континуирано време када говоримо о нечему што се тренутно дешава. Користите помоћни глагол "to be"у исправном облику и додајте глаголу завршетак *-инг* . "He is sleeping." "You are eating."

My brother is eating.

Moj brat jede.

My brother is eating a pizza.

It is raining.

Pada kiša.

It is raining today.

to sleep

spavati

She is sleeping.

to travel

putovati

I love to travel to new places.

They are traveling.

Oni su na putu.

to fight

boriti se

My brothers are fighting.

Moja braća se tuku.

My brothers are fighting.

to draw

crtati

He can draw a map.

the picture

slika

The picture is beautiful.

My children are drawing a picture.

Moja deca crtaju sliku.

She is drawing a picture.

the window

prozor

Open the window, please.

grandma

baka

My grandma is very nice.

to look out of the window

gledati kroz prozor

My grandma is looking out of the window

*Завршеци се понекад мењају* Понекад се завршетак глагола мења у садашњем континуираном времену. Када се глагол заврши на *е* , испустите *е* и додајте *-инг* : "make"- "making" Када *се једносложни глагол завршава на самогласник + сугласник* , удвостручите завршни сугласник и додајте *инг* : "swim"- "swimming" Када се глагол завршава на *самогласник + сугласник са нагласком на завршном слогу* , удвостручите сугласник и *додајте* : "begin"- "beginning" *Немојте удвостручити сугласнике* речи са *више слогова* ако нагласак није на завршном слогу: "remember"- "remembering"

We are making progress!

Napredujemo!

Are we making progress?

to move

kretati se

He is moving to Spain.

We are moving.

Selimo se.

We are moving next summer.

She is swimming.

Ona pliva.

She is swimming in the sea.

to begin with

za početak

We should begin with the hardest task.

I'm beginning with this.

Počinjem sa ovim.

I'm beginning with this task.

to get worse

pogoršati se

The weather is starting to get worse.

It's getting worse.

Postaje sve gore.

Unfortunately, it's getting worse.

*Презент континуирано – негација и питање* Да бисте формирали негацију, ставите "not"испред главног глагола. "He is not sleeping." "You are not eating." Поставите питање тако што ћете ставити *ам, ис,* или *аре* *испред теме* . "Is he sleeping?" "Are you eating?"

He is not sleeping.

On ne spava

He is not sleeping right now.

right now

upravo sada

The children aren't sleeping right now.

to shop

kupovati

I am not shopping right now.

Is it raining?

Pada li kiša?

Is it raining there?

to make a pizza

praviti picu

I'm not making a pizza, I'm making pasta.

Is he making progress?

Napreduje li on?

Is she getting worse?

Da li joj se stanje pogoršava?

to look

pogledati

Are you looking?

to work

raditi

They are not working.

Are you beginning right now?

Da li počinješ upravo sada?

*Пресент једноставно време наспрам Пресент континуирано време* Већ знате да користимо садашње једноставно време када говоримо о *нечему што се понавља* или о нашим *навикама* и *ономе што волимо* . "I go to the gym every week." "I like pizza." Користимо *садашње континуирано време* када говоримо о нечему што се *тренутно дешава.* Сигналне речи са презентом у континуитету: "right now", "now", "at the moment", "today" "He is singing right now." "We are at school at the moment."

I like these shoes.

Sviđaju mi se ove cipele.

I've been wearing these shoes for months and I still like them.

every day

svaki dan

I go to school every day. Do you go to work every day? - Yes l go to work every day.

to study for an exam

učiti za ispit

I am not studying for the exam now.

a lot

mnogo

Do you study a lot? - Yes I study lot.

to listen

slušati

I like to listen to my favorite songs in the car.

Are you listening to me?

Slušaš li me?

to fall

pasti

Do not fall!

the star

zvezda

Look at the star.

A star is falling down!

Pada zvezda!

Look! A star is falling down!

They are working now.

Oni sada rade.

Does it snow often here?

Da li ovde često pada sneg?

to drive

voziti

My mother is driving to work right now.

I'm driving right now.

Trenutno vozim.

I don't drive.

Ne vozim.

I don't drive when I'm sleepy.

*Кардинални бројеви* Кардинални бројеви се обично користе када: преброј ствари: "I have two brothers." дај своје године: "I am ten years old." дајте свој број телефона: "My phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven." дати године: "It happened in nineteen seventy-five (1975)." 1 - "one" 2 - "two" 3 - "three" 4 - "four" 5 - "five" 6 - "six" 7 - "seven" 8 - "eight" 9 - "nine" 10 - "ten"

I am seven years old.

Imam sedam godina.

How old are you?

Koliko imaš godina?

five apples

pet jabuka

There are five apples in the kitchen.

siblings

braća i sestre

Do you have any siblings?

How many siblings do you have?

Koliko imaš braće i sestara?

I don't have any siblings.

Nemam braće ni sestara.

sister

sestra

I have one sister.

in two weeks

za dve nedelje

They are going to visit us in two weeks.

He is leaving in two weeks.

Odlazi za dve nedelje.

the piece

parče

a piece of cheese

Can you give me one piece?

Možeš li mi dati jedan komad?

Can you give me one piece of cake?

*Компаративни и суперлативни облици придева* Да бисте правили поређења, потребно је да користите поредбене и суперлативне облике придева. На пример: "tall"- "taller"- "the tallest" "small"- "smaller"- "the smallest" *Компаратив* се користи када упоредимо неке квалитете и желимо да кажемо да нешто има бољи/лоши квалитет, користимо *суперлатив* када желимо да изразимо да је оно најбоље од свих. *Не заборавите да додате одређени члан када формирате облик суперлатива.* Користите "than"са *упоредним придевом* када упоређујете две ствари или људе.

smaller

manji

The dog is smaller than the cat.

taller

viši

I'm taller than you.

taller than me

viši od mene

My brother is taller than me.

My father is taller than you.

Moj otac je viši od tebe.

puppy

štene

The smallest puppy is so cute.

to look younger

izgledati mlađe

You look younger than your age.

You look younger.

Izgledate mlađe.

the youngest person

najmlađa osoba

The youngest person in the room.

hard

teško

She works hard.

We work harder.

Radimo vrednije.

We work harder than before.

the hardest thing

najteža stvar

What's the hardest thing in life?

*Поређење кратких придева* (једносложни придеви и двосложни придеви који се завршавају на -и) Компаратив: додајте завршетак *-ер* : "smaller" Суперлатив: додајте завршетак *-ест* и члан *испред* придева: "the smallest" *Удвостручите последње слово* ако се придев завршава на сугласник, самогласник, сугласник: "big"- "bigger"- "the biggest" *Промените И у И* када се придев завршава на сугласник + И "funny"- "funnier"- "the funniest"

My car is faster than yours.

Moj auto je brži od tvog.

funny

smešan

I like funny people.

the joke

vic

She could laugh and joke with her colleagues.

This is the funniest joke in the world.

Ovo je najsmešniji vic na svetu.

big

veliki

Big eyes are beautiful.

Our house is bigger than yours.

Naša kuća je veća od vaše.

hot

vruć

It was hot inside the hall.

This is the hottest chilli pepper.

Ovo je najljuća čili papričica.

nice

lep

We had a nice time.

the place

mesto

The garden is a peaceful place.

We are moving to a nicer place.

Selimo se na lepše mesto.

wet

mokar

He slipped on the wet rock.

the world

svet

He tries to save the world.

What is the wettest place in the world?

Koje je najvlažnije mesto na svetu?

*Поређење дугих придева* (Придеви са 2 слога - сви осим оних који се завршавају на -и и придева од 3 или више слогова) Да бисте формирали компаратив, додајте ВИШЕ испред основног облика "more beautiful" Да бисте формирали суперлатив, додајте одређени члан и реч МОСТ испред основног облика"the most beautiful" "It's more useful than you think." "That's the most complicated exam!"

She is the most beautiful woman.

Ona je najlepša žena.

more beautiful

lepši

You are more beautiful than before.

expensive

skup

That's the most expensive house.

This T-shirt is more expensive than the other one.

Ova majica je skuplja od one druge.

This book is more interesting than that one.

useful

koristan

Aspirin is useful for headaches.

It's more useful than you think.

Korisnije je nego što mislite.

Reading books is more useful than you think.

stressful

stresan

This job is very stressful.

It is the most stressful exam.

To je najstresniji ispit.

money

novac

I counted the money before putting it in my wallet.

important

važno

Your support is very important to me.

delicate

osetljiv

His health is very delicate. (Jeho zdraví je velmi citlivé.)

Health is more important than money.

Zdravlje je važnije od novca.

interesting

zanimljiv

It was an interesting debate.

movie

film

a movie star

This movie is more interesting.

Ovaj film je zanimljiviji.

This movie is more interesting than the book.

clever

pametan

She is a clever and studious young woman.

My brother is the most clever person.

Moj brat je najpametnija osoba.

My brother is the most clever person I know.

*Неправилни придеви* Морамо запамтити облике неправилних придева. "good"- "better"- "the best" "bad"- "worse"- "the worst" "far"- "farther/further"- "the farthest/furthest" "little"- "less"- "the least" "much"- "more"- "the most" "It will get better soon." "She is the best teacher in the world!"

I feel much better now.

Sada se osećam mnogo bolje.

Thanks for asking, I feel much better now.

the silence

tišina

The silence lasted for about a minute.

the anger

bes

Anger showed in his face.

His silence was worse than his anger.

Njegovo ćutanje bilo je gore od njegovog besa.

nervous

nervozan

He is very nervous about the performance.

I feel less nervous.

Osećam se manje nervozno.

I feel less nervous after meditation.

singer

pevač

Who is your favourite singer?

My sister is the best singer.

Moja sestra je najbolja pevačica.

far

daleko

It was not too far away.

to expect

očekivati

We expect the best.

She walked farther than she expected.

Otišla je dalje nego što je očekivala.

I thought the store was just around the corner, but I ended up walking farther than I expected.

*Фразе у прошлом једноставном времену* Прошло једноставно време се користи да се говори о извршеним радњама у прошлости. Да бисте формирали прошло једноставно време, обично додајете "-ed"основни облик редовних глагола. На пример: "She walked to the store" "He watched TV last night." "to talk"- "talked" "to walk"- "walked" "to watch"- "watched" "to cook"- "cooked" "to visit"- "visited"

We talked.

Razgovarali smo.

We talked about it last night.

I walked there

Otišao sam tamo peške

I walked there for hours

together

zajedno

Children play together.

They walked together.

Išli su zajedno.

They walked together to school.

We watched TV together.

Gledali smo televiziju zajedno.

We watched TV together yesterday.

to cook dinner

skuvati večeru

My mum cooked dinner for me.

She cooked dinner.

Skuvala je večeru.

She cooked dinner for the children.

to visit

posetiti

You can visit us later.

He visited us for dinner.

Posetio nas je na večeri.

I visited my grandparents for the weekend.

*Неправилни облици прошлог времена* У енглеском постоји много неправилних облика прошлог времена које морате запамтити. Хајде да погледамо два важна глагола и њихове облике прошлог времена! "to do"- "did"- "I did my homework." "to make"- "made"- "I made pizza."

We did it!

Uspeli smo!

the dinner

večera

What's for dinner?

She made dinner.

Napravila je večeru.

She made him a simple dinner.

Children did the homework.

Deca su radila domaći zadatak.

to make an effort

uložiti trud

We have to make an effort.

to finish

završiti

We are finishing soon.

I made an effort to finish my work.

Uložio sam trud da završim svoj posao.

the jam

džem

My mom made a delicious jam.

from

She made jam from the apples.

Napravila je džem od jabuka.

*Паст симпле од ТО БЕ* За субјекте у једнини, једноставно прошло време од *бити* је "was". За субјекте множине (и једнине ви), једноставно прошло време је "were". "I was at school yesterday." "You were at home." У одричним реченицама додајте прилог *не* и ставите га *иза речи вас/вере* . Запамтите да се најчешће скраћени облик користи у негативним реченицама: "wasn't"= "was not"/ "weren't"= "were not". "I wasn't at school yesterday." "You weren't at home."

I was there.

Bio sam tamo.

I was there yesterday.

at home

kod kuće

You weren't at home when I came.

We were happy.

Bili smo srećni.

We were happy while we were together.

They were together.

Bili su zajedno.

They were together all night.

tired

umoran

I was very tired this morning.

He was tired.

Bio je umoran.

He was tired yesterday.

She was at school.

Bila je u školi.

She was at school yesterday.

to be sure

biti siguran

I'm not sure about it.

I wasn't sure about it.

Nisam bio siguran u to.

yesterday

juče

The children were at school yesterday.

*Повратне заменице* Често користимо повратне заменице када су субјекат и објекат глагола исти. Такође када желимо да истакнемо да смо ми (или неко други) нешто урадили. једнина: "myself"(ја) "yourself"(ти) "himself"(он) "herself"(она) "itself"(то) Множина: "ourselves"(ми) "yourselves"(ви) "themselves"(они) "I did it myself." "We did it ourselves." "I cut myself."

I made the pizza myself.

Sam sam napravio picu.

He was impressed that I made the pizza myself instead of ordering takeout.

to hear

čuti

He did not want to hear it.

Do you hear yourself?

Čuješ li ti sebe?

themselves

sami

They did the homework themselves.

to ourselves

sebi

We have the house to ourselves.

to talk

govoriti

The two are talking.

He talks to himself.

On priča sam sa sobom.

I washed the car myself.

Sam sam oprao auto.

to wish

želeti

We wish for peace.

Wish yourself good luck.

Poželi sebi sreću.

*Говорећи о времену* Користимо ове предлоге времена: "at", "in", и "on". Користимо "at"да дамо одређено време: "at 3 o'clock", "at noon", "at the moment" Користимо "in"месецима, годинама, вековима и дугим периодима: "in winter", "in April", "in 1990" Користимо "on"за дане и датуме: "on Monday", "on the 6th of March"

on Sunday

u nedelju

Do you want to go out on Sunday?

at the moment

trenutno

I'm not in the office at the moment.

necessary

neophodno

It's not necessary for you to be here.

At the moment it's not necessary.

Trenutno to nije neophodno.

at 3 o'clock

u 3 sata

The class starts at 3 o'clock.

in summer

leti

The sun shines in summer.

It rains a lot in autumn.

U jesen pada mnogo kiše.

I was born in ...

Rođen sam...

I was born in 1999.

*Будућност - ГОИНГ ТО* Изражава план или намеру о којој је већ одлучено или логично предвиђање за будућност. Сигнал речи: "in one year" "next week" "next year" "next month" "tomorrow" "soon", итд. "I am going to meet my friend next week." "They are going to talk about his future tomorrow."

I am going to leave tomorrow.

Odlazim sutra.

to miss (sth)

propustiti

Do not miss this! They are going to miss the bus.

They are going to miss the bus.

Pobeći će im autobus.

to talk about

razgovarati o

We are going to talk about it.

soon

uskoro

I will be home soon.

I'm going to go soon.

Uskoro krećem.

to meet

sresti

I'm going to meet my friends.

next week

sledeće nedelje

We are going to leave next week.

I am going to see a doctor tomorrow.

Sutra idem kod lekara.

*Будућност – питања и негација* Да бисте формирали негацију, једноставно додајте "not"испред "going to": "We are not going to sleep tonight." Да бисте формирали питање, промените тему глаголом "to be": "Are you going to be there?"

Are you going to be there?

Hoćeš li biti tamo?

the tea

čaj

Do you drink tea?

the coffee

kafa

I want a cup of coffee.

Are you going to drink coffee or tea?

Hoćete li piti kafu ili čaj?

to believe

verovati

I believe in destiny.

You are not going to believe this.

Nećete verovati ovome.

to buy

kupiti

Buy me a bread, please.

the motorcycle

motocikl

He drives a motorcycle.

ili

Do you prefer coffee or tea?

Are you going to buy a car or a motorcycle?

Planirate li da kupite automobil ili motocikl?

*Прилози* Прилог је реч која модификује (описује) глагол, придев, други прилог или чак целу реченицу, на пример: "very", "really", "too", итд. Примери: "He is very tall." "I really like him." "The dress is too expensive." "Fortunately, I brought an umbrella."

very

veoma

You look very tired.