Kozi kwa wanaoanza (A1/A2)Maneno ya Kiingereza

by DuoCards

*Welcome to the Beginners Course!* Kozi hii itakuongoza kupitia misingi na kukusaidia kuanza kutumia Kiingereza katika hali za kila siku! Utajifunza jinsi ya kuunda sentensi, kutumia nyakati muhimu, na kupanua msamiati wako kwa maneno ya vitendo unayoweza kutumia kila siku. Kabla ya kuanza, hebu tujifunze maneno na misemo michache muhimu ili kukusaidia kuanza!

to change

kubadilisha

I need to change my clothes.

to improve

kuboresha

I want to improve my English skills.

I want to improve my English.

Nataka kuboresha Kiingereza changu.

The weather can change quickly.

Hali ya hewa inaweza kubadilika haraka.

to forget

kusahau

She forgot to call her friend.

Don’t forget your umbrella.

Usisahau mwavuli wako.

an umbrella

mwavuli

I always carry an umbrella in my bag.

I changed my job last year.

Nilibadilisha kazi yangu mwaka jana.

I always forget my keys.

Mimi husahau funguo zangu kila wakati.

to prefer

kupendelea

I prefer tea to coffee.

to need

hitaji

I need a pencil to write my homework.

I need help.

Nahitaji msaada.

I need help with my math homework.

*Karibu kwenye kozi ya wanaoanza!* Hebu tuanze na kitenzi "can". Tumia "can"kuzungumza juu ya *uwezekano* au *uwezo.* Daima tumia unaweza na kitenzi kingine. Unaweza kutumia "can"kuunda majibu mafupi kama katika mfano huu: "Can you speak English?"- "Yes, I can." "I can"= Naweza kufanya kitu. / Najua kitu kinawezekana kwangu, kwa mfano "I can dance very well.":

I can do it!

Ninaweza!

I have studied hard for the exam, and I can do it!

Can you?

Unaweza?

Can you do that for me?

Yes, you can!

Ndiyo, unaweza!

Can I do it? - Yes, you can!

to repeat

kurudia

Can you repeat it after me?

I can't speak Spanish.

Sijui kuongea Kihispania.

I can't speak Spanish very well.

They can sing.

Wanaweza kuimba.

My friends can sing all the popular songs.

Can you see

Unaona?

Can you see the man over there?

*Inaweza kwa hasi* Kufanya neno hasi, ongeza "not"baada ya kopo kutengeneza neno moja (haiwezi = haiwezi). Hebu tujifunze vitenzi vipya! "to repeat" "to sing" "to swim"

He can't sing.

Hawezi kuimba.

to sing

kuimba

I love to sing.

to swim

kuogelea

He can't swim.

Hawezi kuogelea.

He can't swim, so he prefers to stay by the pool.

Can you repeat it, please?

Unaweza kurudia, tafadhali?

They can swim, but I can't.

Wao wanaweza kuogelea, lakini mimi siwezi.

*Kitu pronouns* Kiwakilishi cha kitu hurejelea mtu au kitu *kilichoathiriwa na kitendo.* Kwa kawaida huja baada ya kitenzi au kihusishi. Kwa mfano: "I spend a lot of time with my family. I love them so much."( *Wanachukua* nafasi ya *familia yangu* .) Viwakilishi vya vitu ni: "me" "you" "him" "her" "us" "them"

I love you.

Nakupenda

I love you very much.

Can you see him?

Unamwona?

Can you see him standing over there?

to tell

kuambia

Can you tell me what you think?

Tell me.

Niambie.

Tell me what you see.

Tell me what you think.

Tuambie maoni yako.

Tell me what you think about the idea.

to ask

kuuliza

People always ask questions.

about

kuhusu

I am thinking about you.

Ask her about them.

Muulize kuhusu wao.

Ask her about her day.

The book is about us.

Kitabu hiki kinatuhusu sisi.

They made a movie about us.

*Wakati uliopo unaoendelea* Tunatumia wakati uliopo unaoendelea tunapozungumza kuhusu jambo linalotokea sasa hivi. Tumia kitenzi kisaidizi "to be"katika umbo lake sahihi na ongeza *tamati* kwenye kitenzi. "He is sleeping." "You are eating."

My brother is eating.

Kaka yangu anakula.

My brother is eating a pizza.

It is raining.

Mvua inanyesha.

It is raining today.

to sleep

kulala

She is sleeping.

to travel

kusafiri

I love to travel to new places.

They are traveling.

Wako safarini.

to fight

kupigana

My brothers are fighting.

Kaka zangu wanapigana.

My brothers are fighting.

to draw

kuchora

He can draw a map.

the picture

picha

The picture is beautiful.

My children are drawing a picture.

Watoto wangu wanachora picha.

She is drawing a picture.

the window

dirisha

Open the window, please.

grandma

bibi

My grandma is very nice.

to look out of the window

kutazama nje kupitia dirishani

My grandma is looking out of the window

*Mwisho wakati mwingine hubadilika* Wakati mwingine, mwisho wa kitenzi hubadilika katika wakati uliopo wenye kuendelea. Wakati kitenzi kinapoishia kwa *e* , dondosha *e* na ongeza *-ing* : "make"- "making" Wakati *kitenzi cha silabi moja kinapoishia kwa vokali + konsonanti* , konsonanti ya mwisho mara mbili na ongeza *ing* : "swim"- "swimming" Wakati kitenzi kinapoishia kwa *vokali + konsonanti yenye mkazo kwenye silabi ya mwisho* , konsonanti mara mbili na ongeza *ing* : "begin"- "beginning" *Usiongeze konsonanti ya maneno mara mbili* yenye *silabi zaidi ya moja* ikiwa mkazo hauko kwenye silabi ya mwisho: "remember"- "remembering"

We are making progress!

Tunapiga hatua!

Are we making progress?

to move

kuhama

He is moving to Spain.

We are moving.

Tunahama.

We are moving next summer.

She is swimming.

Anasogelea

She is swimming in the sea.

to begin with

kwa kuanzia

We should begin with the hardest task.

I'm beginning with this.

Ninaanza na hii.

I'm beginning with this task.

to get worse

kuzidi kuwa mbaya

The weather is starting to get worse.

It's getting worse.

Hali inazidi kuwa mbaya.

Unfortunately, it's getting worse.

*Kuwasilisha kwa kuendelea - kukanusha na swali* Ili kuunda ukanushi, weka "not"kabla ya kitenzi kikuu. "He is not sleeping." "You are not eating." Uliza swali kwa kuweka *am, ni,* au *ni* *mbele ya somo* . "Is he sleeping?" "Are you eating?"

He is not sleeping.

Halali.

He is not sleeping right now.

right now

sasa hivi

The children aren't sleeping right now.

to shop

kununua bidhaa

I am not shopping right now.

Is it raining?

Inanyesha?

Is it raining there?

to make a pizza

kutengeneza piza

I'm not making a pizza, I'm making pasta.

Is he making progress?

Je, anapiga hatua?

Is she getting worse?

Hali yake inazidi kuwa mbaya?

to look

kuangalia

Are you looking?

to work

kufanya kazi

They are not working.

Are you beginning right now?

Unaanza sasa hivi?

*Wakati uliopo rahisi dhidi ya Wakati uliopo unaoendelea* Tayari unajua kuwa tunatumia wakati uliopo sahili tunapozungumza kuhusu *jambo linalojirudiarudia* au kuhusu *tabia* zetu na *kile tunachopenda* . "I go to the gym every week." "I like pizza." Tunatumia *wakati uliopo unaoendelea* tunapozungumza kuhusu jambo linalotokea *sasa hivi.* Maneno ya ishara yenye kuendelea kwa sasa: "right now", "now", "at the moment", "today" "He is singing right now." "We are at school at the moment."

I like these shoes.

Napenda viatu hivi.

I've been wearing these shoes for months and I still like them.

every day

kila siku

I go to school every day. Do you go to work every day? - Yes l go to work every day.

to study for an exam

kusoma kwa ajili ya mtihani

I am not studying for the exam now.

a lot

nyingi

Do you study a lot? - Yes I study lot.

to listen

kusikiliza

I like to listen to my favorite songs in the car.

Are you listening to me?

Unanisikiliza?

to fall

kuanguka

Do not fall!

the star

nyota

Look at the star.

A star is falling down!

Nyota inaanguka!

Look! A star is falling down!

They are working now.

Wanafanya kazi sasa hivi.

Does it snow often here?

Je, theluji hunyesha mara kwa mara hapa?

to drive

kuendesha

My mother is driving to work right now.

I'm driving right now.

Ninaendesha gari sasa hivi.

I don't drive.

Siendeshi.

I don't drive when I'm sleepy.

*Nambari za Kardinali* Nambari za kardinali hutumiwa wakati: hesabu vitu: "I have two brothers." toa umri wako: "I am ten years old." toa nambari yako ya simu: "My phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven." kutoa miaka: "It happened in nineteen seventy-five (1975)." 1 - "one" 2 - "two" 3 - "three" 4 - "four" 5 - "five" 6 - "six" 7 - "seven" 8 - "eight" 9 - "nine" 10 - "ten"

I am seven years old.

Nina umri wa miaka saba.

How old are you?

Una umri gani?

five apples

maapulo matano

There are five apples in the kitchen.

siblings

ndugu

Do you have any siblings?

How many siblings do you have?

Una ndugu wangapi?

I don't have any siblings.

Sina ndugu yeyote.

sister

dada

I have one sister.

in two weeks

baada ya wiki mbili

They are going to visit us in two weeks.

He is leaving in two weeks.

Anaondoka baada ya wiki mbili.

the piece

kipande

a piece of cheese

Can you give me one piece?

Unaweza kunipa kipande kimoja?

Can you give me one piece of cake?

*Aina za kulinganisha na bora zaidi za vivumishi* Ili kulinganisha, unahitaji kutumia aina za kulinganisha na za hali ya juu za kivumishi. Kwa mfano: "tall""taller"-- "the tallest" "small""smaller"-- "the smallest" *Ulinganishi* hutumika tunapolinganisha baadhi ya sifa na kutaka kusema kuwa kitu fulani kina ubora bora/mbaya zaidi, tunatumia *hali ya juu zaidi* tunapotaka kueleza kuwa ni bora kuliko zote. *Kumbuka kuongeza kipengee cha uhakika wakati wa kuunda fomu bora zaidi.* Tumia "than"na *kivumishi linganishi* unapolinganisha vitu viwili au watu.

smaller

ndogo zaidi

The dog is smaller than the cat.

taller

mrefu zaidi

I'm taller than you.

taller than me

mrefu kuliko mimi

My brother is taller than me.

My father is taller than you.

Baba yangu ni mrefu kuliko wewe.

puppy

mbwa mdogo

The smallest puppy is so cute.

to look younger

kuonekana kijana zaidi

You look younger than your age.

You look younger.

Unaonekana kijana zaidi.

the youngest person

mtu mdogo zaidi

The youngest person in the room.

hard

kwa bidii

She works hard.

We work harder.

Tunafanya kazi kwa bidii zaidi.

We work harder than before.

the hardest thing

kitu kigumu zaidi

What's the hardest thing in life?

*Ulinganisho wa vivumishi vifupi* (vivumishi vya silabi moja na vivumishi vya silabi mbili vinavyoishia na -y) Kulinganisha: ongeza mwisho *-er* : "smaller" Bora zaidi: ongeza mwisho *-est* na kifungu *kabla* ya kivumishi: "the smallest" *Mara mbili ya herufi ya mwisho* ikiwa kivumishi kinaishia kwa konsonanti, vokali, konsonanti: "big""bigger"-- "the biggest" *Badilisha Y hadi I* wakati kivumishi kinaishia kwa konsonanti + Y "funny"-- "funnier""the funniest"

My car is faster than yours.

Gari langu lina kasi zaidi kuliko lako.

funny

-a kuchekesha

I like funny people.

the joke

utani

She could laugh and joke with her colleagues.

This is the funniest joke in the world.

Huu ndio utani wa kuchekesha zaidi duniani.

big

kubwa

Big eyes are beautiful.

Our house is bigger than yours.

Nyumba yetu ni kubwa kuliko yenu.

hot

moto

It was hot inside the hall.

This is the hottest chilli pepper.

Hii ndiyo pilipili kali zaidi.

nice

nzuri

We had a nice time.

the place

mahali

The garden is a peaceful place.

We are moving to a nicer place.

Tunahamia mahali pazuri zaidi.

wet

mbichi

He slipped on the wet rock.

the world

ulimwengu

He tries to save the world.

What is the wettest place in the world?

Ni mahali gani penye unyevu mwingi zaidi duniani?

*Ulinganisho wa vivumishi virefu* (Vivumishi 2 vya silabi - zote isipokuwa zile zinazoishia na -y na vivumishi vya silabi 3 au zaidi) Ili kuunda mlinganisho, ongeza ZAIDI kabla ya fomu ya msingi "more beautiful" Ili kuunda ubora zaidi, ongeza kipengee bainifu na neno MOST kabla ya fomu ya msingi"the most beautiful" "It's more useful than you think." "That's the most complicated exam!"

She is the most beautiful woman.

Yeye ndiye mwanamke mrembo zaidi.

more beautiful

mrembo zaidi

You are more beautiful than before.

expensive

ghali

That's the most expensive house.

This T-shirt is more expensive than the other one.

Tishauti hii ni ghali kuliko ile nyingine.

This book is more interesting than that one.

useful

-enye msaada

Aspirin is useful for headaches.

It's more useful than you think.

Ina manufaa zaidi kuliko unavyofikiri.

Reading books is more useful than you think.

stressful

yenye msongo wa mawazo

This job is very stressful.

It is the most stressful exam.

Ni mtihani wenye msongo mkubwa zaidi wa mawazo.

money

pesa

I counted the money before putting it in my wallet.

important

muhimu

Your support is very important to me.

delicate

nyeti

His health is very delicate. (Jeho zdraví je velmi citlivé.)

Health is more important than money.

Afya ni bora kuliko pesa.

interesting

ya kuvutia

It was an interesting debate.

movie

filamu

a movie star

This movie is more interesting.

Filamu hii inavutia zaidi.

This movie is more interesting than the book.

clever

mwerevu

She is a clever and studious young woman.

My brother is the most clever person.

Kaka yangu ndiye mtu mwerevu zaidi.

My brother is the most clever person I know.

*Vivumishi visivyo vya kawaida* Ni lazima tukariri aina za vivumishi visivyo vya kawaida. "good""better"-- "the best" "bad""worse"-- "the worst" "far""farther/further"-- "the farthest/furthest" "little""less"-- "the least" "much""more"-- "the most" "It will get better soon." "She is the best teacher in the world!"

I feel much better now.

Najisikia vizuri zaidi sasa.

Thanks for asking, I feel much better now.

the silence

kimya

The silence lasted for about a minute.

the anger

hasira

Anger showed in his face.

His silence was worse than his anger.

Kimya chake kilikuwa kibaya zaidi kuliko hasira yake.

nervous

mwenye wasiwasi

He is very nervous about the performance.

I feel less nervous.

Ninahisi wasiwasi kidogo.

I feel less nervous after meditation.

singer

mwimbaji

Who is your favourite singer?

My sister is the best singer.

Dada yangu ndiye mwimbaji bora zaidi.

far

mbali

It was not too far away.

to expect

kutarajia

We expect the best.

She walked farther than she expected.

Alienda mbali zaidi kuliko alivyotarajia.

I thought the store was just around the corner, but I ended up walking farther than I expected.

*Maneno katika wakati uliopita sahili* Wakati sahili uliopita hutumika kuzungumzia vitendo vilivyokamilika hapo awali. Ili kuunda wakati sahili uliopita, kwa kawaida unaongeza "-ed"kwenye muundo msingi wa vitenzi vya kawaida. Kwa mfano: "She walked to the store" "He watched TV last night." "to talk"- "talked" "to walk"- "walked" "to watch"- "watched" "to cook"- "cooked" "to visit"- "visited"

We talked.

Tulizungumza

We talked about it last night.

I walked there

Nilienda huko kwa miguu

I walked there for hours

together

pamoja

Children play together.

They walked together.

Walitembea pamoja.

They walked together to school.

We watched TV together.

Tulitazama televisheni pamoja.

We watched TV together yesterday.

to cook dinner

kupika chakula cha jioni

My mum cooked dinner for me.

She cooked dinner.

Alipika chakula cha jioni.

She cooked dinner for the children.

to visit

kutembelea

You can visit us later.

He visited us for dinner.

Alitutembelea kwa ajili ya chakula cha jioni.

I visited my grandparents for the weekend.

*Fomu za wakati uliopita zisizo za kawaida* Kuna aina nyingi za wakati uliopita zisizo za kawaida kwa Kiingereza ambazo unahitaji kukumbuka. Hebu tuangalie vitenzi viwili muhimu na maumbo yao ya wakati uliopita sahili! "to do""did"-- "I did my homework." "to make"-- "made""I made pizza."

We did it!

Tumefanikiwa!

the dinner

chakula cha jioni

What's for dinner?

She made dinner.

Aliandaa chakula cha jioni.

She made him a simple dinner.

Children did the homework.

Watoto walifanya kazi ya nyumbani.

to make an effort

kufanya juhudi

We have to make an effort.

to finish

kumaliza

We are finishing soon.

I made an effort to finish my work.

Nilifanya juhudi ili nimalize kazi yangu.

the jam

jamu

My mom made a delicious jam.

from

kutoka

She made jam from the apples.

Alitengeneza jamu kutokana na maapulo.

*Zamani rahisi ya KUWA* Kwa masomo ya umoja, wakati uliopita rahisi wa *be* ni "was". Kwa masomo ya wingi (na umoja wewe), wakati uliopita rahisi ni "were". "I was at school yesterday." "You were at home." Katika sentensi hasi, ongeza kielezi *si* na uweke *baada ya neno was/ were* . Kumbuka kwamba mara nyingi fomu iliyofupishwa hutumiwa katika sentensi hasi: "wasn't"= "was not"/ "weren't"= "were not". "I wasn't at school yesterday." "You weren't at home."

I was there.

Nilikuwepo hapo.

I was there yesterday.

at home

nyumbani

You weren't at home when I came.

We were happy.

Tulikuwa na furaha.

We were happy while we were together.

They were together.

Walikuwa pamoja.

They were together all night.

tired

-chovu

I was very tired this morning.

He was tired.

Alikuwa amechoka.

He was tired yesterday.

She was at school.

Alikuwa shuleni.

She was at school yesterday.

to be sure

kuwa na hakika

I'm not sure about it.

I wasn't sure about it.

Sikuwa na uhakika kuhusu hilo.

yesterday

jana

The children were at school yesterday.

*Viwakilishi rejeshi* Mara nyingi sisi hutumia viwakilishi rejeshi wakati kiima na kiima cha kitenzi ni sawa. Pia tunapotaka kutaja kwamba sisi (au mtu mwingine) alifanya jambo fulani. Umoja: "myself"(mimi) "yourself"(wewe) "himself"(yeye) "herself"(yeye) "itself"(ni) Wingi: "ourselves"(sisi) "yourselves"(wewe) "themselves"(wao) "I did it myself." "We did it ourselves." "I cut myself."

I made the pizza myself.

Niliitengeneza pizza mwenyewe.

He was impressed that I made the pizza myself instead of ordering takeout.

to hear

kusikia

He did not want to hear it.

Do you hear yourself?

Unajisikia kweli?

themselves

wenyewe

They did the homework themselves.

to ourselves

kwetu sisi wenyewe

We have the house to ourselves.

to talk

kuzungumza

The two are talking.

He talks to himself.

Anajisemeza mwenyewe.

I washed the car myself.

Niliosha gari mimi mwenyewe.

to wish

kutamani

We wish for peace.

Wish yourself good luck.

Jitakie kila la heri.

*Kuzungumza juu ya Wakati* Tunatumia viambishi hivi vya wakati: "at", "in", na "on". Tunatumia "at"kutoa wakati maalum: "at 3 o'clock""at noon",, "at the moment" Tunatumia "in"kwa miezi, miaka, karne, na vipindi virefu: "in winter", "in April", "in 1990" Tunatumia "on"kwa siku na tarehe: "on Monday", "on the 6th of March"

on Sunday

Jumapili

Do you want to go out on Sunday?

at the moment

kwa sasa

I'm not in the office at the moment.

necessary

lazima

It's not necessary for you to be here.

At the moment it's not necessary.

Kwa sasa si lazima.

at 3 o'clock

saa tisa

The class starts at 3 o'clock.

in summer

wakati wa kiangazi

The sun shines in summer.

It rains a lot in autumn.

Mvua hunyesha sana wakati wa vuli.

I was born in ...

Nilizaliwa mnamo...

I was born in 1999.

*Wakati ujao - KWENDA* Huonyesha mpango au nia ambayo tayari imeamuliwa au utabiri wa kimantiki wa siku zijazo. Maneno ya ishara: "in one year" "next week" "next year" "next month" "tomorrow" "soon", na kadhalika. "I am going to meet my friend next week." "They are going to talk about his future tomorrow."

I am going to leave tomorrow.

Nitaondoka kesho.

to miss (sth)

kukosa

Do not miss this! They are going to miss the bus.

They are going to miss the bus.

Basi litawaacha.

to talk about

kuzungumzia

We are going to talk about it.

soon

hivi karibuni

I will be home soon.

I'm going to go soon.

Nitaondoka hivi karibuni.

to meet

kukutana

I'm going to meet my friends.

next week

wiki ijayo

We are going to leave next week.

I am going to see a doctor tomorrow.

Nitakwenda kumuona daktari kesho.

*Wakati ujao - maswali na kukanusha* Ili kuunda ukanushaji, ongeza tu "not"kabla "going to": "We are not going to sleep tonight." Ili kuunda swali, badilisha mada na kitenzi "to be": "Are you going to be there?"

Are you going to be there?

Utakuwepo?

the tea

chai

Do you drink tea?

the coffee

kahawa

I want a cup of coffee.

Are you going to drink coffee or tea?

Utakunywa kahawa au chai?

to believe

kuamini

I believe in destiny.

You are not going to believe this.

Hutaamini hili.

to buy

kununua

Buy me a bread, please.

the motorcycle

pikipiki

He drives a motorcycle.

Do you prefer coffee or tea?

Are you going to buy a car or a motorcycle?

Je, unatarajia kununua gari au pikipiki?

*Vielezi* Kielezi ni neno linalorekebisha (kueleza) kitenzi, kivumishi, kielezi kingine, au hata sentensi nzima, kwa mfano: "very", "really", "too", nk. Mifano: "He is very tall." "I really like him." "The dress is too expensive." "Fortunately, I brought an umbrella."

very

sana

You look very tired.