Boshlang'ich daraja uchun kurs (A1/A2)Inglizcha so'zlar

by DuoCards

*Boshlang'ich kursga xush kelibsiz!* Ushbu kurs sizga asosiy bilimlarni o'rgatadi va ingliz tilidan kundalik vaziyatlarda foydalanishni boshlashingizga yordam beradi! Siz gap tuzishni, muhim zamonlardan foydalanishni va har kuni ishlata oladigan amaliy so'zlar bilan lug'at boyligingizni oshirishni o'rganasiz. Ishni boshlashdan oldin, keling, sizga yordam beradigan bir nechta foydali so'z va iboralar bilan mashq qilib olaylik!

to change

o'zgartirish

I need to change my clothes.

to improve

yaxshilash uchun

I want to improve my English skills.

I want to improve my English.

Men ingliz tilimni yaxshilamoqchiman.

The weather can change quickly.

Ob-havo tez o'zgarishi mumkin.

to forget

unutmoq

She forgot to call her friend.

Don’t forget your umbrella.

Soyaboningizni unutmang.

an umbrella

soyabon

I always carry an umbrella in my bag.

I changed my job last year.

Men o'tgan yili ishimni o'zgartirdim.

I always forget my keys.

Men har doim kalitlarimni unutib qo'yaman.

to prefer

afzal ko'rmoq

I prefer tea to coffee.

to need

kerak bo'lmoq

I need a pencil to write my homework.

I need help.

Menga yordam kerak.

I need help with my math homework.

*Boshlang'ich kursga xush kelibsiz!* Keling, fe'l bilan boshlaylik "can". "can"*Imkoniyat* yoki *qobiliyat haqida gapirish uchun foydalaning.* Har doim can so'zini boshqa fe'l bilan ishlating. "can"Ushbu misoldagi kabi qisqa javoblarni shakllantirish uchun foydalanishingiz mumkin: "Can you speak English?"- "Yes, I can." "I can"= Men nimadir qila olaman. / Men uchun nimadir mumkinligini bilaman, masalan: "I can dance very well."

I can do it!

Buni uddalay olaman!

I have studied hard for the exam, and I can do it!

Can you?

Qila olasizmi?

Can you do that for me?

Yes, you can!

Ha, siz buni uddalay olasiz!

Can I do it? - Yes, you can!

to repeat

qaytarish

Can you repeat it after me?

I can't speak Spanish.

Men ispan tilida gapira olmayman.

I can't speak Spanish very well.

They can sing.

Ular kuylay olishadi.

My friends can sing all the popular songs.

Can you see

Ko'ryapsanmi?

Can you see the man over there?

*Salbiy bo'lishi mumkin* Salbiy so‘zni "not"bitta so‘z qilish uchun candan keyin qo‘shing (mumkin emas = mumkin emas). Keling, yangi fe'llarni o'rganamiz! "to repeat" "to sing" "to swim"

He can't sing.

U kuylay olmaydi.

to sing

kuylamoq

I love to sing.

to swim

suzmoq

He can't swim.

U suza olmaydi.

He can't swim, so he prefers to stay by the pool.

Can you repeat it, please?

Iltimos, qaytara olasizmi?

They can swim, but I can't.

Ular suza olishadi, lekin men yo'q.

*Ob'ekt olmoshlari* Ob'ekt olmoshi *ish-harakat bilan ta'sirlangan shaxs yoki narsaga ishora qiladi.* Odatda fe'l yoki predlogdan keyin keladi. Masalan: "I spend a lot of time with my family. I love them so much."( *Ular* *mening oilamni* almashtiradi.) Ob'ekt olmoshlari quyidagilardir: "me" "you" "him" "her" "us" "them"

I love you.

Men seni sevaman.

I love you very much.

Can you see him?

Uni ko'ryapsanmi?

Can you see him standing over there?

to tell

aytmoq

Can you tell me what you think?

Tell me.

Menga ayting.

Tell me what you see.

Tell me what you think.

Fikringizni ayting.

Tell me what you think about the idea.

to ask

so'ramoq

People always ask questions.

about

haqida

I am thinking about you.

Ask her about them.

Ulardan ular haqida so'rang.

Ask her about her day.

The book is about us.

Kitob biz haqimizda.

They made a movie about us.

*Hozirgi davomiy zamon* Biz hozir sodir bo'layotgan narsa haqida gapirganda, hozirgi doimiy zamondan foydalanamiz. Yordamchi fe'lni "to be"to'g'ri shaklda ishlating va fe'lga *-ing* oxirini qo'shing. "He is sleeping." "You are eating."

My brother is eating.

Akam ovqat yeyapti.

My brother is eating a pizza.

It is raining.

Yomg'ir yog'yapti.

It is raining today.

to sleep

uxlamoq

She is sleeping.

to travel

sayohat qilmoq

I love to travel to new places.

They are traveling.

Ular sayohat qilishyapti.

to fight

kurashmoq

My brothers are fighting.

Mening akalarim urishyapti.

My brothers are fighting.

to draw

chizmoq

He can draw a map.

the picture

rasm

The picture is beautiful.

My children are drawing a picture.

Mening bolalarim rasm chizishyapdi.

She is drawing a picture.

the window

deraza

Open the window, please.

grandma

buvi

My grandma is very nice.

to look out of the window

derazadan qarash

My grandma is looking out of the window

*Ba'zan yakunlar o'zgaradi* Ba'zan fe'lning oxiri hozirgi davomiy zamonda o'zgaradi. Agar fe'l *e* harfi bilan tugasa, *e* harfini tushirib, *-ing* qo'shing: "make"- "making" *Bir bo'g'inli fe'l unli + undosh bilan tugasa* , oxirgi undoshni ikki barobarga qo'shing va *ing* qo'shing: "swim"- "swimming" Agar fe'l *oxirgi bo'g'indagi urg'u bilan unli + undosh bilan* tugasa, undoshni ikki barobarga oshiring va *ing* qo'shing: "begin"- "beginning" Agar urg'u oxirgi bo'g'inda bo'lmasa *, bir nechta bo'g'inli* so'zlarning *undoshini qo'shmang* : "remember"- "remembering"

We are making progress!

Biz ijobiy natijalarga erishyapmiz!

Are we making progress?

to move

ko'chmoq

He is moving to Spain.

We are moving.

Biz ko'chyapmiz.

We are moving next summer.

She is swimming.

U suzmoqda.

She is swimming in the sea.

to begin with

boshlanishiga

We should begin with the hardest task.

I'm beginning with this.

Men buni boshlayapman.

I'm beginning with this task.

to get worse

yomonlashmoq

The weather is starting to get worse.

It's getting worse.

Ahvol borgan sari yomonlashyapti.

Unfortunately, it's getting worse.

*Hozirgi davom - inkor va savol* Inkorni hosil qilish uchun "not"asosiy fe'ldan oldin qo'ying. "He is not sleeping." "You are not eating." *Mavzu oldiga* *am, is* yoki *are ni* qo'yib savol bering. "Is he sleeping?" "Are you eating?"

He is not sleeping.

U uxlamayapti.

He is not sleeping right now.

right now

ayni damda

The children aren't sleeping right now.

to shop

xarid qilmoq

I am not shopping right now.

Is it raining?

Yomg'ir yog'yaptimi?

Is it raining there?

to make a pizza

pissa tayyorlamoq

I'm not making a pizza, I'm making pasta.

Is he making progress?

U rivоjlаnyaptimi?

Is she getting worse?

Uning ahvoli og'irlashyaptimi?

to look

qaramoq

Are you looking?

to work

ishlamoq

They are not working.

Are you beginning right now?

Hozir boshlayapsizmi?

*Hozirgi sodda zamon va hozirgi davomiy zamon* Siz allaqachon bilasizki, biz *takrorlanadigan narsa* yoki *odatlarimiz* va *biz yoqtirgan narsalar* haqida gapirganda, hozirgi oddiy zamondan foydalanamiz. "I go to the gym every week." "I like pizza." Biz *hozir* sodir bo'layotgan narsa haqida gapirganda, *hozirgi doimiy zamondan* foydalanamiz. Hozirgi davomli signalli so‘zlar: "right now", "now", "at the moment", "today" "He is singing right now." "We are at school at the moment."

I like these shoes.

Menga bu poyabzallar yoqadi.

I've been wearing these shoes for months and I still like them.

every day

har kuni

I go to school every day. Do you go to work every day? - Yes l go to work every day.

to study for an exam

imtihonga tayyorlanmoq

I am not studying for the exam now.

a lot

ko'p

Do you study a lot? - Yes I study lot.

to listen

eshitmoq

I like to listen to my favorite songs in the car.

Are you listening to me?

Meni eshityapsizmi?

to fall

yiqilmoq

Do not fall!

the star

yulduz

Look at the star.

A star is falling down!

Yulduz uchmoqda!

Look! A star is falling down!

They are working now.

Ular hozir ishlayapti.

Does it snow often here?

Bu yerda tez-tez qor yog'ib turadimi?

to drive

haydamoq

My mother is driving to work right now.

I'm driving right now.

Men hozir mashina haydayapman.

I don't drive.

Men mashina haydamayman.

I don't drive when I'm sleepy.

*Kardinal raqamlar* Kardinal raqamlar odatda quyidagi hollarda qo'llaniladi: narsalarni sanash: "I have two brothers." yoshingizni bering: "I am ten years old." telefon raqamingizni bering: "My phone number is two-six-three, three-eight-four-seven." yil bering: "It happened in nineteen seventy-five (1975)." 1 - "one" 2 - "two" 3 - "three" 4 - "four" 5 - "five" 6 - "six" 7 - "seven" 8 - "eight" 9 - "nine" 10 - "ten"

I am seven years old.

Men yetti yoshdaman.

How old are you?

Yoshingiz nechada?

five apples

beshta olma

There are five apples in the kitchen.

siblings

aka-uka va opa-singillar

Do you have any siblings?

How many siblings do you have?

Nechta aka-ukangiz yoki opa-singlingiz bor?

I don't have any siblings.

Mening hech qanday aka-ukam yoki opa-singlim yo‘q.

sister

opa-singil

I have one sister.

in two weeks

ikki haftadan keyin

They are going to visit us in two weeks.

He is leaving in two weeks.

U ikki haftadan keyin ketadi.

the piece

bo'lak

a piece of cheese

Can you give me one piece?

Menga bitta bo'lak bera olasizmi?

Can you give me one piece of cake?

*Sifatlarning qiyosiy va ustun shakllari* Taqqoslash uchun sifatlarning qiyosiy va ustun shakllaridan foydalanish kerak. Masalan: "tall"- "taller"- "the tallest" "small"- "smaller"- "the smallest" *Qiyoslash* ba'zi sifatlarni solishtirganda va biror narsa yaxshiroq/yomonroq sifatga ega ekanligini aytmoqchi bo'lganimizda ishlatiladi, biz eng yaxshisi ekanligini bildirmoqchi bo'lganimizda *ustunlikdan* foydalanamiz. *Ustlovchi shakl hosil qilganda aniq artiklni qo‘shishni unutmang.* "than"Ikki narsa yoki odamni solishtirganda *qiyosiy sifatdosh* bilan foydalaning.

smaller

kichikroq

The dog is smaller than the cat.

taller

balandroq

I'm taller than you.

taller than me

mendan balandroq

My brother is taller than me.

My father is taller than you.

Mening otam sizga qaraganda balandroq.

puppy

kuchukcha

The smallest puppy is so cute.

to look younger

yoshroq ko'rinish

You look younger than your age.

You look younger.

Siz yoshroq ko'rinasiz.

the youngest person

eng yosh inson

The youngest person in the room.

hard

qattiq

She works hard.

We work harder.

Biz qattiqroq ishlaymiz.

We work harder than before.

the hardest thing

eng qiyin narsa

What's the hardest thing in life?

*Qisqa sifatlarni solishtirish* (bir bo'g'inli sifatlar va -y bilan tugagan ikki bo'g'inli sifatlar) Qiyosiy: *-er* oxirini qo'shing: "smaller" Yuqori sifat: sifatdan *oldin* *-est* oxiri va artiklni qo'shing: "the smallest" Sifat undosh, unli, undosh bilan tugasa *, oxirgi harfni ikki baravar oshiring* : "big"- "bigger"- "the biggest" Sifat undosh + Y bilan tugaganda *Y ni I ga o'zgartiring* "funny"- "funnier"- "the funniest"

My car is faster than yours.

Mening mashinam siznikiga qaraganda tezroq.

funny

kulgili

I like funny people.

the joke

hazil

She could laugh and joke with her colleagues.

This is the funniest joke in the world.

Bu dunyodagi eng kulgili latifa.

big

katta

Big eyes are beautiful.

Our house is bigger than yours.

Bizning uyimiz siznikidan kattaroq.

hot

issiq

It was hot inside the hall.

This is the hottest chilli pepper.

Bu eng achchiq qalampir.

nice

chiroyli

We had a nice time.

the place

joy

The garden is a peaceful place.

We are moving to a nicer place.

Biz chiroyliroq joyga ko'chyapmiz.

wet

nam

He slipped on the wet rock.

the world

dunyo

He tries to save the world.

What is the wettest place in the world?

Dunyodagi eng seryog‘in joy qayer?

*Uzoq sifatlarni solishtirish* (2 bo'g'inli sifatlar - hammasi -y bilan tugaydigan va 3 yoki undan ortiq bo'g'inli sifatlardan tashqari) Qiyosiy shakl yaratish uchun asosiy shakldan oldin MORE qo'shing "more beautiful" Ustki yasash uchun asosiy shakl oldiga aniq artikl va ENG so‘zini qo‘shing"the most beautiful" "It's more useful than you think." "That's the most complicated exam!"

She is the most beautiful woman.

U eng go'zal ayoldir.

more beautiful

chiroyliroq

You are more beautiful than before.

expensive

qimmat

That's the most expensive house.

This T-shirt is more expensive than the other one.

Bu futbolka narigisinidan qimmatroq.

This book is more interesting than that one.

useful

foydali

Aspirin is useful for headaches.

It's more useful than you think.

Bu siz o'ylaganingizdan ham foydaliroq.

Reading books is more useful than you think.

stressful

stressli

This job is very stressful.

It is the most stressful exam.

Bu eng stressli imtihon.

money

pul

I counted the money before putting it in my wallet.

important

muhim

Your support is very important to me.

delicate

nozik

His health is very delicate. (Jeho zdraví je velmi citlivé.)

Health is more important than money.

Salomatlik boylikdan muhimroqdir.

interesting

qiziqarli

It was an interesting debate.

movie

film

a movie star

This movie is more interesting.

Bu film qiziqroq.

This movie is more interesting than the book.

clever

aqlli

She is a clever and studious young woman.

My brother is the most clever person.

Mening akam eng aqlli odam.

My brother is the most clever person I know.

*Noqonuniy sifatlar* Biz tartibsiz sifatlarning shakllarini yodlashimiz kerak. "good"- "better"- "the best" "bad"- "worse"- "the worst" "far"- "farther/further"- "the farthest/furthest" "little"- "less"- "the least" "much"- "more"- "the most" "It will get better soon." "She is the best teacher in the world!"

I feel much better now.

Hozir o‘zimni ancha yaxshi his qilyapman.

Thanks for asking, I feel much better now.

the silence

sukunat

The silence lasted for about a minute.

the anger

g'azab

Anger showed in his face.

His silence was worse than his anger.

Uning jim turishi jahlidan ham battar edi.

nervous

hayajonlangan

He is very nervous about the performance.

I feel less nervous.

O'zimni kamroq hayajonlangan his qilyapman.

I feel less nervous after meditation.

singer

qo'shiqchi

Who is your favourite singer?

My sister is the best singer.

Mening opam eng yaxshi qo'shiqchi.

far

uzoq

It was not too far away.

to expect

kutmoq

We expect the best.

She walked farther than she expected.

U o'zi kutganidan ham uzoqroqqa bordi.

I thought the store was just around the corner, but I ended up walking farther than I expected.

*O‘tgan sodda zamondagi iboralar* O'tgan sodda zamon o'tmishda bajarilgan harakatlar haqida gapirish uchun ishlatiladi. O'tgan sodda zamonni yaratish uchun siz odatda "-ed"oddiy fe'llarning asosiy shakliga qo'shasiz. Masalan: "She walked to the store" "He watched TV last night." "to talk"- "talked" "to walk"- "walked" "to watch"- "watched" "to cook"- "cooked" "to visit"- "visited"

We talked.

Biz gaplashdik.

We talked about it last night.

I walked there

U yerga piyoda bordim

I walked there for hours

together

birgalikda

Children play together.

They walked together.

Ular birga yurishdi.

They walked together to school.

We watched TV together.

Biz birgalikda televizor ko'rdik.

We watched TV together yesterday.

to cook dinner

kechki ovqat tayyorlamoq

My mum cooked dinner for me.

She cooked dinner.

U kechki ovqatni pishirdi.

She cooked dinner for the children.

to visit

tashrif buyurmoq

You can visit us later.

He visited us for dinner.

U biznikiga kechki ovqatga keldi.

I visited my grandparents for the weekend.

*Irregular o'tgan sodda zamon shakllari* Ingliz tilida siz eslab qolishingiz kerak bo'lgan juda ko'p tartibsiz o'tgan zamon shakllari mavjud. Keling, ikkita muhim fe'l va ularning o'tgan sodda zamon shakllarini ko'rib chiqaylik! "to do"- "did"- "I did my homework." "to make"- "made"- "I made pizza."

We did it!

Biz buni uddaladik!

the dinner

kechki ovqat

What's for dinner?

She made dinner.

U kechki ovqat tayyorladi.

She made him a simple dinner.

Children did the homework.

Bolalar uy vazifalarini bajarishdi.

to make an effort

harakat qilmoq

We have to make an effort.

to finish

tugatmoq

We are finishing soon.

I made an effort to finish my work.

Ishimni tugatish uchun harakat qildim.

the jam

murabbo

My mom made a delicious jam.

from

-dan

She made jam from the apples.

U olmalardan murabbo tayyorladi.

*TO BE ning o‘tgan oddiy* Birlik predmetlar uchun *be* ning sodda o‘tgan zamoni "was". Ko'plik sub'ektlari (va birlik siz) uchun oddiy o'tgan zamon "were". "I was at school yesterday." "You were at home." Inkor gaplarda *not* qo‘shimchasini qo‘shing va *was/were so‘zidan keyin* qo‘ying. Esda tutingki, ko'pincha qisqartirilgan shakl inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi: "wasn't"= "was not"/ "weren't"= "were not". "I wasn't at school yesterday." "You weren't at home."

I was there.

Men u yerda edim.

I was there yesterday.

at home

uyda

You weren't at home when I came.

We were happy.

Biz baxtli edik.

We were happy while we were together.

They were together.

Ular birga edilar.

They were together all night.

tired

charchagan

I was very tired this morning.

He was tired.

U charchagan edi.

He was tired yesterday.

She was at school.

U maktabda edi.

She was at school yesterday.

to be sure

ishonchi komil bo'lmoq

I'm not sure about it.

I wasn't sure about it.

Bunga unchalik ishonchim komil emas edi.

yesterday

kecha

The children were at school yesterday.

*Refleksiv olmoshlar* Fe'lning predmeti va ob'ekti bir xil bo'lsa, ko'pincha refleksiv olmoshlardan foydalanamiz. Shuningdek, biz (yoki boshqa birov) biror narsa qilganimizni ta'kidlamoqchi bo'lganimizda. Birlik: "myself"(men) "yourself"(siz) "himself"(u) "herself"(she) "itself"(bu) Ko‘plik: "ourselves"(biz) "yourselves"(siz) "themselves"(ular) "I did it myself." "We did it ourselves." "I cut myself."

I made the pizza myself.

Pitsani o'zim tayyorladim.

He was impressed that I made the pizza myself instead of ordering takeout.

to hear

eshitmoq

He did not want to hear it.

Do you hear yourself?

O'zingizni eshityapsizmi?

themselves

o'zlari

They did the homework themselves.

to ourselves

o'zimiz uchun

We have the house to ourselves.

to talk

gapirmoq

The two are talking.

He talks to himself.

U o'zi bilan o'zi gaplashadi.

I washed the car myself.

Mashinani o'zim yuvdim.

to wish

tilamoq

We wish for peace.

Wish yourself good luck.

O'zingizga omad tilang

*Vaqt haqida gapirish* Biz vaqt predloglaridan foydalanamiz: "at", "in", va "on". Biz "at"ma'lum vaqtni berish uchun foydalanamiz: "at 3 o'clock", "at noon", "at the moment" Biz "in"oylar, yillar, asrlar va uzoq muddatlarda foydalanamiz: "in winter", "in April", "in 1990" Biz "on"kunlar va sanalar uchun foydalanamiz: "on Monday", "on the 6th of March"

on Sunday

yakshanba kuni

Do you want to go out on Sunday?

at the moment

hozirgi vaqtda

I'm not in the office at the moment.

necessary

zarur

It's not necessary for you to be here.

At the moment it's not necessary.

Hozircha bunga ehtiyoj yo'q.

at 3 o'clock

soat 3 da

The class starts at 3 o'clock.

in summer

yozda

The sun shines in summer.

It rains a lot in autumn.

Kuzda yomg'ir ko'p yog'adi.

I was born in ...

Men ... yilda tug'ilganman

I was born in 1999.

*Kelajak - BORISH* Qaror qilingan reja yoki niyatni yoki kelajak uchun mantiqiy bashoratni ifodalaydi. Signal so'zlari: "in one year" "next week" "next year" "next month" "tomorrow" "soon", va boshqalar. "I am going to meet my friend next week." "They are going to talk about his future tomorrow."

I am going to leave tomorrow.

Ertaga ketyapman.

to miss (sth)

oʻtkazib yubormoq

Do not miss this! They are going to miss the bus.

They are going to miss the bus.

Ular avtobusni oʻtkazib yuborishmoqch

to talk about

haqida gapirmoq

We are going to talk about it.

soon

tez orada

I will be home soon.

I'm going to go soon.

Tez orada ketaman.

to meet

uchratmoq

I'm going to meet my friends.

next week

kelasi hafta

We are going to leave next week.

I am going to see a doctor tomorrow.

Ertaga shifokor ko'rigiga boraman.

*Kelajak - savollar va inkor* Inkor qilish uchun "not"oldinga qo'shing "going to": "We are not going to sleep tonight." Savol yaratish uchun mavzuni fe'l bilan almashtiring "to be": "Are you going to be there?"

Are you going to be there?

O'sha yerda bo'lasizmi?

the tea

choy

Do you drink tea?

the coffee

qahva

I want a cup of coffee.

Are you going to drink coffee or tea?

Kofe ichasizmi yoki choymi?

to believe

ishonmoq

I believe in destiny.

You are not going to believe this.

Bunga ishonmaysiz.

to buy

sotib olmoq

Buy me a bread, please.

the motorcycle

mototsikl

He drives a motorcycle.

yoki

Do you prefer coffee or tea?

Are you going to buy a car or a motorcycle?

Siz mashina yoki mototsikl sotib olmoqchimisiz?

*Qo‘shimchalar* Qo'shimchalar - fe'lni, sifatni, boshqa qo'shimchani yoki hatto butun bir gapni o'zgartiruvchi (ta'riflovchi) so'z, masalan: "very", "really", "too", va hokazo* . "too" Misollar: "He is very tall." "I really like him." "The dress is too expensive." "Fortunately, I brought an umbrella."

very

juda

You look very tired.