ለጀማሪዎች ብቻ (A1) ኮርስየእንግሊዝኛ ቃላት

by DuoCards

*ለተሟላ ጀማሪዎች ወደ ኮርሱ እንኳን በደህና መጡ!* ይህ ኮርስ በእንግሊዝኛ መሰረታዊ ነገሮች ይመራዎታል። ለዕለታዊ ሁኔታዎች ጠቃሚ ሀረጎችን እና ቁልፍ ቃላትን በማስተዋወቅ መሰረታዊ ሰዋሰውን ለመረዳት ይረዳዎታል። እንደ ሰላምታ እና ሌሎችን ማመስገን ባሉ አስፈላጊ አባባሎች እንጀምራለን። እንሂድ!

Hello!

ሰላም!

Hello and welcome to the course.

My name is...

ስሜ ... ይባላል

My name is Paul.

Thank you!

አመሰግናለሁ!

Thank you for your help!

please

እባክህ

Could you please help me with my homework?

How are you?

እንዴት ነህ?

How are you today?

I am fine.

ደህና ነኝ።

How are you? - I am fine!

Excuse me?

ይቅርታ?

Excuse me, are you John?

I don't understand.

አልገባኝም

sorry

ይቅርታ

I'm sorry.

a name

ስም

What is your name?

What's your name?

ስምህ ማን ነው?

good

ጥሩ

The weather is good.

bad

መጥፎ

The weather is bad.

Goodbye!

ደህና ሁኑ!

Goodbye! I hope to see you soon.

*አገርህ የት ነው* ከየት እንደመጡ እንዴት እንደሚናገሩ ማወቅ አስፈላጊ ነው. በሁለት መንገድ መልስ መስጠት ትችላለህ፡- "I am from..." "I come from..." "Where are you from?" "I am from Spain."ወይም "I come from Spain."

Where are you from?

ከየት ነህ?

Where are you from? - I am from Germany.

I am from ...

እኔ ከ ... ነኝ

Where are you from? - I am from France.

I come from...

የመጣሁት ከ... ነው

I come from Canada.

Coffee, please.

ቡና እባክህ።

Can I get a coffee, please?

Yes, please!

አዎ፣ እባክህ!

Would you like some water? - Yes, please!

the friends

ጓደኞቹ

I like my friends.

Yes or no?

አዎ ወይስ አይደለም?

Do you want to go to the park? Yes or no?

to like

መውደድ

I like ice cream.

also

ደግሞም

Juan is also from Chile.

small

ትንሽ

Ukraine is not small.

big

ትልቅ

Canada is big.

a country

ሀገር

I like my country.

I am from a small country.

ከትንሽ ሀገር ነው የመጣሁት።

Peter is from a big country.

*መሆን የሚለው ግሥ* "TO BE"በመጀመሪያዎቹ ሦስት አካላት ውስጥ የግሡን ቅርጾች ተመልከት። እንዴት እንደሚሄድ እነሆ፡- "I am" "you are" "he/she/it is" "I"*ሁልጊዜ በካፒታል የተፃፈ መሆኑን ልብ ይበሉ።*

You are beautiful.

ቆንጆ ነሽ።

Everyone thinks you are beautiful.

He is a man.

እሱ ወንድ ነው።

He is a tall man.

She is a woman.

እሷ ሴት ናት።

She is a beautiful woman.

to live in

መኖር

We live in a big house.

You live in a house.

ቤት ውስጥ ነው የምትኖረው።

I live in a house with my family.

Are you Paul?

እርስዎ ፖል ነዎት?

Excuse me, are you Paul?

I am not Paul. I am John.

እኔ ፖል አይደለሁም። ዮሐንስ ነኝ።

my friend

ጓደኛዬ

You are my best friend.

He is my friend.

እሱ ጓደኛዬ ነው።

He is my best friend.

I am fine, thank you.

ደህና ነኝ፣ አመሰግናለሁ።

I'm good, thanks.

*አንድ ቡና እባክህ!* በጉዞዎ ላይ ምቹ የሆነ ካፌ አጋጥሞዎታል? ቡና እንዴት ማዘዝ እንዳለብን እንማር ወይም ሂሳቡን እንጠይቅ።

coffee with milk

ወተት ያለው ቡና

Can I have a coffee with milk, please?

a café

ቡና ቤት

A woman in the café asked for a coffee.

Can I see the menu, please?

እባክዎን የምግብ ዝርዝሩን ማየት እችላለሁ?

How much is it?

ዋጋው ስንት ነው?

How much is the coffee, please?

One cappuccino, please.

አንድ ካፑቺኖ እባክዎን።

Can I have one cappuccino, please?

tea

ሻይ

I would like a cup of tea, please.

a cup of tea with sugar

አንድ ሲኒ ሻይ በስኳር

Can I have a tea with sugar, please?

a coffee to go

የሚወሰድ ቡና

I'll have a coffee to go, please.

Can I have a coffee to go?

ቡና ይዤ መሄድ እችላለሁ?

a cake

ኬክ

Can I have a slice of cake?

Can I also get a slice of cake, please?

እባክህ እኔም አንድ ቁራጭ ኬክ ማግኘት እችላለሁ?

It was delicious!

በጣም ይጣፍጥ ነበር!

The cake was delicious!

Can I have the bill, please?

እባክዎን ሂሳብ ሊሰጡኝ ይችላሉ?

a bank card

የባንክ ካርድ

Can I pay by card, please?

cash

ጥሬ ገንዘብ

They only accept cash.

Can I pay by card?

በካርድ መክፈል እችላለሁ?

Sorry, we only accept cash.

ይቅርታ፣ የምንቀበለው ጥሬ ገንዘብ ብቻ ነው።

*ያልተወሰነ እና የተወሰነ መጣጥፎች* "a dog"- ስለ አንድ የተወሰነ ነገር ሳንናገር ያልተወሰነውን ጽሑፍ እንጠቀማለን. እንዲሁም ስለ አንድ ነገር ለመጀመሪያ ጊዜ ስንናገር ያልተወሰነውን ጽሑፍ እንጠቀማለን. ለምሳሌ: "There is a dog." ያልተወሰነ መጣጥፎች ለነጠላ ቃላት ብቻ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላሉ፣ *ብዙ ቁጥር ያልተወሰነ ጽሑፍ የላቸውም።* "the car"- የተወሰነውን ጽሑፍ የምንጠቀመው ከዚህ ቀደም የጠቀስነውን ነገር ወይም ሰው ስንጠቅስ ወይም ከዐውዱ ውስጥ ስለ ምን ወይም ስለ ማን እንደሆነ ግልጽ ሆኖ ሲገኝ ነው። ለምሳሌ: "The car is big." "The dog that attacked me ran away."

a dog

ውሻ

I want to have a dog.

a man

ወንድ

There is a man.

a woman

ሴት

A woman in the café ordered a cappuccino.

and

እና

A mother and a child.

a man and a dog

አንድ ሰው እና ውሻ

I can see a man and a dog.

a child

ልጅ

The woman has a child.

to play

መጫወት

The children play football outside.

The child plays.

ልጁ ይጫወታል።

The child plays with the car.

a garden

አትክልት ቦታ

We have a big garden.

They play in the garden.

በአትክልቱ ስፍራ ውስጥ እየተጫወቱ ነው።

Every afternoon, the children play in the garden.

*ከ A ይልቅ ኤኤን የምንጠቀመው መቼ ነው?* አንድ ቃል በተነባቢ ከጀመረ, ቅጹን እንጠቀማለን "a". አንድ ቃል በአናባቢ ድምጽ ከጀመረ, ቅጹን እንጠቀማለን "an". "a pen" "an apple"

an apple

ፖም

There is an apple.

to eat

መብላት

The man is eating an apple.

He eats an apple.

እሱ ፖም ይበላል።

He eats an apple every day.

an hour

አንድ ሰዓት

I had to wait for more than an hour.

It's a boy

ወንድ ልጅ ነው።

a teacher

አስተማሪ

I like my teacher.

She is a teacher.

እሷ መምህርት ናት።

*ቀላል ያቅርቡ* አጠቃቀም፡ ልማዶችን፣ ተደጋጋሚ ድርጊቶችን፣ አጠቃላይ እውነቶችን፣ ስሜቶችን እና ምኞቶችን መግለጽ ስንፈልግ። በእንግሊዘኛ ከ 3 ኛ ሰው ነጠላ በስተቀር ሁሉም ሰዎች አንድ አይነት መልክ አላቸው። በአብዛኛዎቹ ሁኔታዎች፣ ቅጥያ *-s* በ 3 ኛ ሰው ነጠላ ተጨምሯል፡- "I live in Prague." "My sister lives in London."

I drink

እጠጣለሁ

I drink coffee every day.

He eats healthy.

ጤናማ አመጋገብ ይመገባል።

He eats healthy to stay fit and strong.

You eat pizza.

ፒዛ ትበላለህ።

I eat cake.

she sleeps

ተኝታለች

She sleeps 8 hours a day.

we go

እንሄዳለን

We go to the cinema once a month.

She goes alone.

ለብቻዋ ትሄዳለች።

She goes alone to the store.

I read

እያነበብኩ ነው

I read a book every night before bed.

He reads a book.

መጽሐፍ እያነበበ ነው።

They read a lot.

ብዙ ያነባሉ።

They read a lot of books.

*መጨረሻው አንዳንድ ጊዜ ይለወጣል* ግሡ የሚያበቃው በ *-y* ሲሆን ይህም ተነባቢ ከሆነ፣ ለ 3ኛ ሰው ነጠላ *-y* እናስወግዳለን እና *-ies* : "I study English." "He studies English." ግስ በ *-sh* , *-ch* , *-x* , *-o* , *-ss* , *-zz* የሚያልቅ ከሆነ በ 3 ኛ ሰው ነጠላ ቅጥያ *-es* እንጨምራለን ። "I wash my hands." "He washes his hands."

She studies a lot.

እሷ በጣም ታጠናለች።

She studies a lot to get good grades.

He studies English.

እሱ እንግሊዝኛ ያጠናል::

to watch

መመልከት

We watch the movie in the class.

a movie

ፊልም

The action scenes were not bad in the movie.

He watches movies.

እሱ ፊልሞችን ያያል።

She watches the dog.

ውሻውን ትጠብቃለች።

She watches the dog every Friday.

to wash

ማጠብ

I always wash my hands.

She washes the car.

መኪናውን ታጥባለች።

She washes the car every Saturday.

He washes his hands.

እጁን ይታጠባል።

The boy washes the apple.

ልጁ ፖሙን ያጥባል።

*አቅጣጫዎችን በመጠየቅ* በጉዞ ላይ እያሉ ከጠፉ ወይም ስለ አንድ ነገር እርግጠኛ ካልሆኑ፣ የአካባቢውን ሰዎች ከመጠየቅ ወደኋላ አይበሉ። ቋንቋውን ለመለማመድ ጥሩ መንገድ ነው። በቀላሉ እንዲይዙት የሚያግዙዎት ጥቂት ሀረጎች እዚህ አሉ።

Where is the bus station?

የአውቶቡስ መናኸሪያው የት ነው?

Do you know where the nearest bus station is?

bus station

የአውቶቡስ መናኸሪያ

The bus station is located near the park.

an airport

አውሮፕላን ማረፊያ

How much is a ticket to the airport?

Which bus goes to the airport?

ወደ አውሮፕላን ማረፊያ የሚሄደው የትኛው አውቶቡስ ነው?

Excuse me, which bus goes to the airport?

a train

ባቡር

The train arrives at 3 PM.

How do I get to the train station?

ወደ ባቡር ጣቢያው እንዴት መሄድ እችላለሁ?

I’m lost. How do I get to the train station?

I got lost.

ጠፋሁ።

I got lost. Can you help me?

Can you help me?

ልትረዳኝ ትችላለህ?

a shuttle bus

የመመላለሻ አውቶቡስ

Is there a shuttle bus to the airport?

Where is the public bathroom?

የሕዝብ መጸዳጃ ቤት የት ነው?

right

ቀኝ

Please turn right at the next corner.

left

በግራ

Turn left at the corner.

straight

ቀጥታ

Go straight, then turn left.

Go straight and then turn left.

ቀጥ ብለው ይሂዱና ከዚያ ወደ ግራ ይታጠፉ።

a street

መንገድ

She walked down the street.

the end of the street

የመንገዱ መጨረሻ

We need to walk to the end of the street to find the bus stop.

Turn right at the end of the street.

በመንገዱ መጨረሻ ላይ ወደ ቀኝ ታጠፍ።

Where can I find a taxi?

ታክሲ የት ነው የማገኘው?

Excuse me, where can I find a taxi?

to show

ማሳየት

I will show you my favorite café.

Can you show me on the map?

ካርታው ላይ ልታሳየኝ ትችላለህ?

Can you show me on the map where the nearest restaurant is?

How long does it take to get there?

እዚያ ለመድረስ ምን ያህል ጊዜ ይፈጃል?

Can you tell me how long it takes to get to the airport?

*የጊዜ መግለጫዎች አሁን ባለው ቀላል ጊዜ* አንድ ነገር ሲያደርጉ ወይም በምን ያህል ጊዜ እንደሚሰሩ ለመለየት እነዚህን መግለጫዎች ይጠቀሙ። "often" "usually" "sometimes" "always" "never" "every day/week/year/"

usually

ብዙውን ጊዜ

He usually arrives home at about one o'clock.

every day

በየቀኑ

I study every day.

I go to school every day.

በየቀኑ ወደ ትምህርት ቤት እሄዳለሁ።

I go to school every day by bus.

on Saturday

ቅዳሜ ቀን

What do you usually do on Saturday?

always

ሁልጊዜ

The sun always rises in the east.

a year

አንድ ዓመት

He is four years old.

to travel abroad

ወደ ውጭ አገር መጓዝ

We travel abroad every year.

often

ብዙ ጊዜ

We often go to the cinema.

a month

አንድ ወር

July is my favourite month.

He never says hi.

እሱ በፍጹም ሰላምታ አይሰጥም።

I always say hi to him, but he never says hi back.

to smoke

ማጨስ

My grandparents smoke every day.

She never smokes.

እሷ በፍጹም አታጨስም።

My sister is very health-conscious. She never smokes.

I practice English every day.

በየቀኑ እንግሊዝኛ እለማመዳለሁ።

I practice English every day by reading books, watching movies, and speaking with native speakers.

*መኖር ያለበት ግሥ* ይህ ግስ መደበኛ ያልሆነ ስለሆነ በአሁኑ ጊዜ ሁለት የመጻፍ መንገዶች አሉ "have"፡ ወይም "has", እና አንዱን ወይም ሌላውን ለመጠቀም መወሰን በአረፍተ ነገሩ ርዕሰ ጉዳይ ላይ የተመሰረተ ነው. "I have""you have""he/she/it has""we have""you have""they have"

We have two dogs.

ሁለት ውሾች አሉን።

We have two dogs, a golden retriever and a poodle.

I have a child.

ልጅ አለኝ።

You have a child.

You have a car.

መኪና አለህ።

You have a big car.

He has it.

አለው።

She has a book.

The teacher has a book.

መምህሩ መጽሐፍ አለው።

I have a book.

an aunt

አክስት

My aunt has a small garden.

My aunt has three children.

አክስቴ ሶስት ልጆች አሏት።

My aunt has three children and they all have different personalities.

an uncle

አጎት

My uncle has a small house.

My uncle has a small restaurant.

አጎቴ ትንሽ ምግብ ቤት አለው።

beautiful eyes

ቆንጆ አይኖች

You have beautiful blue eyes.

She has beautiful eyes.

ቆንጆ አይኖች አሏት።

He has beautiful eyes.

*ሶስት ዋና ረዳት ግሶች* "Do""be"እና "have"በእንግሊዝኛ ሦስት ዋና *ረዳት ግሦች* ናቸው። የ ግስ "to have"እና ነጠላውን አስቀድመው ያውቃሉ "to be"። *የብዙ ቁጥር ተውላጠ ስም* ለማስታወስ የሚያስፈልግህ የግሡን አንድ ዓይነት ብቻ "to be"ነው "are"። ቀላል ነው አይደል? "I am" "you are" "he is""she is"// "it is" "we are" "you are" "they are"

You are my best friend.

አንተ የቅርብ ጓደኛዬ ነህ።

I don't know what I would do without you. You are my best friend.

I am happy.

ደስተኛ ነኝ።

I am happy for you.

a colour

ቀለም

What is your favorite colour?

Red is a beautiful colour.

ቀይ የሚያምር ቀለም ነው።

a student

ተማሪ

He is a very good student.

very good

በጣም ጥሩ

He is a very good boy.

My sister is a very good student.

እህቴ በጣም ጎበዝ ተማሪ ናት።

He is a good boy.

ጥሩ ልጅ ነው።

They are my friends.

እነሱ ጓደኞቼ ናቸው።

They are my friends from school.

We are here.

እዚህ ነን።

We are here to see my uncle.

We are from Austria.

እኛ ከአውስትሪያ ነን።

We are from Austria. Where are you from?

*ማድረግ የሚለው ግሥ* ግሱ "to do"እንደ ረዳት ግስ እንዲሁም እንደ ዋና ግሥ ሊሠራ ይችላል! ግስን እንዴት እንደምናገናኘው እነሆ "to do"፡- "I do" "you do" "he/she/it does" "we do" "you do" "they do"

I do it.

እኔ አደርገዋለሁ።

It's good to exercise—I do it every day to stay healthy.

You do it.

አንተ ታደርገዋለህ።

You do it very well.

she does

ታደርጋለች

She does her homework every day.

a homework

የቤት ሥራ

I do my homework everyday.

We do the homework.

የቤት ስራ እየሰራን ነው።

We do the homework after school.

a lot

ብዙ

I cook a lot.

yoga

ዮጋ

She does yoga to relax.

They do a lot of yoga.

ዮጋ በጣም ያዘወትራሉ።

*አዳዲስ ሰዎችን መገናኘት* በዚህ ክፍል እራሳችንን እንዴት ማስተዋወቅ እንደምንችል እና ስለሌሎች የበለጠ ለማወቅ ጥያቄዎችን እንጠይቃለን።

What is your name?

ስምህ ማን ነው?

Hi! What is your name?

My name is Peter.

ስሜ ጴጥሮስ ይባላል።

Nice to meet you!

ስለተዋወቅን ደስ ብሎኛል!

My name is Mary. And yours?

ስሜ ሜሪ ይባላል። ያንተስ?

How old are you?

ዕድሜህ ስንት ነው?

I am 29 years old.

እድሜዬ 29 ዓመት ነው።

I am 29 years old. And you?

Where do you come from?

ከየት ነው የመጡት?

I come from Egypt. Where do you come from?

Where do you live?

የት ነው የሚኖሩት?

When I met my new friend, I asked, "Where do you live?"

What are your hobbies?

ትርፍ ጊዜህን በምን ማሳለፍ ትወዳለህ?

I like reading.

ማንበብ እወዳለሁ።

like reading in the evenings.

I love sports.

ስፖርት እወዳለሁ።

I love sports, especially basketball.

I like traveling.

መጓዝ እወዳለሁ።

I like traveling to new places every summer.

What is your job?

ስራህ ምንድን ነው?

I’m a dentist. What do you do for a living?

What do you do for living?

ምን እየሰሩ ይኖራሉ?

I'm curious, what do you do for a living?

I am an engineer.

እኔ መሐንዲስ ነኝ።

I am a mechanical engineer.

I work as a teacher.

እኔ መምህር ሆኜ እሰራለሁ።

I work as a teacher in a primary school.

*ጥያቄዎች* "do"*የጥያቄ ቅጾችን* ለመሥራት ልንጠቀምበት እንችላለን. ርዕሰ ጉዳዩ *እሱ፣ እሷ* ወይም *እሷ* ሲሆኑ፣ አወንታዊውን ዓረፍተ ነገር ጥያቄ ለማድረግ መጀመሪያ ላይ *DOES* እንጨምረዋለን። *በጥያቄው ውስጥ (በሦስተኛ ሰው ስለሆነ) በግሡ መጨረሻ ላይ ያለው ፊደል S እንደጠፋ ልብ ይበሉ።* አንዳንድ ምሳሌዎች እነሆ፡- "Do you work here?" "Do you like chocolate?" "Does she speak Spanish?" "Does it work?" እነዚህ ጥያቄዎች *አዎ ወይም አይደለም* ብለው ሊመለሱ ይችላሉ። በሚጠቀሙት ጥያቄዎች ውስጥ ለሚቀጥሉት ጥያቄዎች አጭር መልስ መስጠት *ይቻላል-* "Do you speak English?"- "Yes, I do."

Does it work?

ይሰራል?

Does it work for you?

to rain

መዝነብ

It rains often here.

Does it rain?

ዝናብ እየዘነበ ነው?

Does it rain often here?

an ice cream

አይስ ክሬም

Chocolate ice cream is the best!

Do you like ice cream?

አይስ ክሬም ትወዳለህ?

Do you speak English?

እንግሊዝኛ ትናገራለህ?

Do you speak English? - Yes, I do.

Does she have a cat?

ድመት አላት?

Does she have a cat? - Yes, she does.

siblings

ወንድማማቾችና እህትማማቾች

I have two siblings.

Do you have siblings?

ወንድሞች ወይም እህቶች አሉህ?

Do you have siblings? - No, I don't.

Do you play soccer?

ኳስ ትጫወታለህ?

Do you play soccer? - Yes, I do.

*ከ TO BE ጋር ያሉ ጥያቄዎች* አብዛኛዎቹ ጥያቄዎች የሚፈጠሩት በአረፍተ ነገሩ ውስጥ *ያለውን የቃላት ቅደም ተከተል በመቀየር* ነው። መሰረታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገር፡ ርዕሰ ጉዳይ + am/ is/ are "She is from Spain." ጥያቄ፡ am/ is/are + ርዕሰ ጉዳይ "Is she from Spain?"

Are you all right?

ደህና ነህ?

Are you all right? - Yes, I am.

Is it your dog?

ይህ የእርስዎ ውሻ ነው?

Am I right?

ልክ ነኝ?

I think the meeting is at 3 PM. Am I right?

Is he from England?

እሱ ከእንግሊዝ ነው?

Is he from England or France?

Is she a teacher?

እሷ መምህርት ናት?

Are they siblings?

እነሱ ወንድማማች ወይም እህትማማች ናቸው?

Are they siblings or not?

at home

በቤት ውስጥ

We stay at home.

Are they at home?

እነሱ ቤት ናቸው?

true

እውነተኛ

a true story

Is it true?

እውነት ነው?

Is it true? - Yes, it is.

*WH ጥያቄዎች* እነዚህ ጥያቄዎች አዎ ወይም አይደለም ሊመለሱ አይችሉም። የጥያቄ ምስረታ ሕጎች ከላይ ካሉት ጋር ተመሳሳይ ናቸው፣ ተጨማሪ የጥያቄ ቃል መጀመሪያ ላይ ከሚታየው በስተቀር ( "what", "why", "where""when", "whom", "whose", "how") "Where is he?"- "He is here." "What do they like?"- "They like pizza"

Where are you?

የት ነህ?

Where are you right now?

Who is it?

ማነው?

When the phone rang, I asked, "Who is it?

It's my mother.

እሷ እናቴ ናት።

Who is it? - It's my mother.

to work

መስራት

Where does your sister work?

Why are you here?

ለምንድነው እዚህ የመጣኸው?

Why are you here now?

What time is it?

ስንት ሰዓት ነው?

What time is it, please? Are we late?

When does the movie start?

ፊልሙ መቼ ነው የሚጀምረው?

When does the movie start? - It starts in two hours.

How far is the cinema?

ሲኒማ ቤቱ ምን ያህል ይርቃል?

How far is the cinema from here?

*እንዴት ጥያቄዎች* "How"የተለያዩ አይነት ጥያቄዎችን ለመስራት ከሌሎች ቃላት ጋር መጠቀም ይቻላል፣ ለምሳሌ፡- "how far""how long",,,,, "how many". ከእነዚያ በተጨማሪ፣ ለምሳሌ ጥያቄዎችን ለማቅረብ *ከቅጽሎች ጋር* እንዴት መጠቀም እንደሚቻል፡- "How difficult is it?" "How old is he?"

How much?

ስንት ነው?

How much does the car cost?

the ticket

ቲኬቱ

The ticket is too expensive.

How much is the ticket?

ቲኬቱ ስንት ነው?

How much is it?

old

አሮጌ

The old man is very kind.

young

ወጣት

He is very young.

How old is your sister?

እህትሽ ስንት ዓመቷ ነው?

How old is she? - She is very young.

How far is the park?

ፓርኩ ምን ያህል ይርቃል?

How far is the park from here?

How many apples do you want?

ስንት ፖም ትፈልጋለህ?

How long is the movie?

ፊልሙ ምን ያህል ይረዝማል?

How often?

በየስንት ጊዜው?

How often do you cook?

How often do you travel?

በየስንት ጊዜው ትጓዛለህ?

How often do you travel during the summer?

*አሉታዊ* "not"ከግሱ በኋላ በማስቀመጥ አሉታዊ ነገሮችን እናደርጋለን. በአረፍተ ነገሩ ውስጥ ሁለት ግሦች ካሉ ሁልጊዜ "not"ከመጀመሪያው በኋላ እናስቀምጣለን. ልክ በነዚህ ምሳሌ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች ውስጥ፡- "We do not work here." "She does not speak English." "They are not here." "I am not your friend." *ፍንጭ፡- ዶን ማለት አታድርጉ የሚል አጭር ቅርጽ ነው* ፣ ልክ *ያልሆነ* ማለት ደግሞ *ያልሆነው* እና *ያልሆነው* *አጭር ነው* ።

I do not drive.

መኪና አልነዳም።

I do not drive the bus.

He doesn't work.

እሱ አይሰራም።

angry

ተቆጥቷል

He is angry.

We aren't angry.

አልተቆጣንም።

not bad

መጥፎ አይደለም

The movie is not bad.

The food is not bad.

ምግቡ መጥፎ አይደለም።

The food is not bad at the restaurant.

I don't like pizza.

ፒዛ አልወድም።

We don't like ice cream.

አይስ ክሬም አንወድም።

at school

በትምህርት ቤት

She isn't at school.

እሷ ትምህርት ቤት አይደለችም።

Where is she? She isn't at school.

They aren't at home.

እቤት የሉም።

I don't play the piano.

ፒያኖ አልጫወትም።

to speak

መናገር

Do you speak English?

We do not speak English.

እኛ እንግሊዝኛ አንናገርም።

We don't speak English.

*ሰውን ግለጽ* አንድን ሰው ግሦቹን እንዴት እንደሚገለጽ "to have"እና "to be"እርስዎ አስቀድመው የሚያውቁትን ከአንዳንድ ተግባራዊ መግለጫዎች ጋር እንማር።

He has long hair.

ረጅም ፀጉር አለው።

He has long beautiful hair.

She is very tall.

እሷ በጣም ረጅም ናት።

His sister is very tall.

He's younger than she is.

ከእሷ ያንሳል።

Her brother is younger than she is.

She is older than he is.

ከእሱ ትበልጣለች።

She has short hair.

አጭር ፀጉር አላት።

Many people think she looks great with her short hair.

Is your brother short or tall?

ወንድምህ አጭር ነው ወይስ ረጅም?

He has brown eyes.

ቡናማ አይኖች አሉት።

She has blue eyes.

ሰማያዊ አይኖች አሏት።

She is tall and has blue eyes.

They are young.

ወጣቶች ናቸው።

They are young and full of energy.

He is old.

እሱ አርጅቷል።

My grandfather is old.

I have curly hair.

ጠጉሬ ሉጫ ነው።

I have short curly hair.

She has straight hair.

ለስላሳ ፀጉር አላት።

She has straight hair, and she loves to wear it down.

*ብዙ ቁጥር* ብዙ ቁጥር የሚፈጠረው በቀላሉ መጨረሻ *-Sን* ወደ ስም በመጨመር ነው። ለምሳሌ: "a girl"- "girls" "a song"- "songs" ቃሉ በ-s፣-sh፣-ch፣-x፣ ወይም-z የሚያልቅ ከሆነ *-ES* "a bus"- "buses" ተነባቢን ተከትሎ ቃሉ በ *Y* የሚያልቅ ከሆነ *Yን* ወደ *I* እንለውጣለን እና *-ES* እንጨምራለን "a strawberry"- "strawberries" አንዳንድ መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ብዙ ቁጥር ያላቸው ለምሳሌ፡- "a child"- "children" "a woman"- "women" "a man"- "men"

brothers

ወንድማማቾች

I have two brothers.

children

ልጆች

There are a lot of children in the park.

Do you have children?

ልጆች አሉዎት?

still

አሁንም

She still works there.

because

ምክንያቱም

She is happy because she got a new puppy.

a strawberry

እንጆሪ

How much are the strawberries?

I like strawberries.

እንጆሪ እወዳለሁ።

I like strawberries because they are sweet.

men

ወንዶች

These two men have curly hair.

horses

ፈረሶች

Our neighbours have three horses.

these men

እነዚህ ሰዎች

Do you know these men?

These two men are best friends.

እነዚህ ሁለቱ ሰዎች የቅርብ ጓደኛሞች ናቸው።

These women are beautiful.

እነዚህ ሴቶች ቆንጆዎች ናቸው።

"There is"/ "There are" እነዚህ ሐረጎች የሆነ ነገር የሆነ ቦታ እንዳለ ይገልጻሉ፡ አዎንታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገር; "There is a dog." "There are two boys." ጥያቄ "Is there a house?"፡ መልስ፡- "Yes, there is./No there is not." ጥያቄ "Are there trees in the garden?"፡ መልስ፡- "Yes, there are./ No, there are not." አሉታዊ፡ "There is not a problem." "There are no trees in the garden."

a bird

ወፍ

There is a black bird.

a roof

ጣሪያ

This house has no roof.

There's a bird on the roof.

ጣራው ላይ ወፍ አለ።

a supermarket

ሱፐርማርኬት

I need to go to the supermarket to buy some eggs.

Is there a supermarket around here?

በቅርብ ሱፐርማርኬት አለ?

an egg

እንቁላል

I like eggs.

a fridge

ፍሪጅ

The food is in the fridge.

There are six eggs in the fridge.

በማቀዝቀዣው ውስጥ ስድስት እንቁላሎች አሉ።

There's a dog on the street.

መንገድ ላይ ውሻ አለ።

a monkey

ዝንጀሮ

There are many monkeys in the jungle.

Are there monkeys in the jungle?

በጫካው ውስጥ ዝንጀሮዎች አሉ?

a room

ክፍል

My room is big.

free

በነጻ

Refreshments will be available for free.

available

የሚገኝ

The book is available at the library.

"SOME"/ "ANY" "some"በአዎንታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች ውስጥ የምንጠቀመው ሊቆጠሩ ለሚችሉ ብዙ ስሞች (ትክክለኛውን መጠን ሳናውቅ) እና ላልተቆጠሩ ስሞች ነው። "I have some flowers" "There is some milk in the fridge" "any"በአሉታዊ ዓረፍተ ነገሮች እና ጥያቄዎች ውስጥ እንጠቀማለን. "I do not have any flowers." "Is there any milk?"

I have some news.

አንዳንድ ዜናዎች አሉኝ።

Any ideas?

ምንም ሃሳብ አለህ?

I'm not sure what to do next. Any ideas?

I have some ideas.

አንዳንድ ሃሳቦች አሉኝ።

He does not have any friends.

ምንም ጓደኛ የለውም።

He hasn't got any friends.

to stay

መቆየት

Do you stay at home?

Some students stay at home.

አንዳንድ ተማሪዎች ቤት ይቆያሉ።

to want

መፈለግ

I want an apple.

I want some apple juice.

የአፕል ጭማቂ እፈልጋለሁ።

There are some apples in the kitchen.

ወጥ ቤት ውስጥ ጥቂት ፖሞች አሉ።

Is there any milk left?

የቀረ ወተት አለ?

Is there any milk left in the fridge?

free time

ትርፍ ጊዜ

What do you do in your free time?

I do not have any free time.

ምንም ትርፍ ጊዜ የለኝም።

*ገላጭ ተውላጠ ስሞች* "THIS/THESE"- የተጠቆመው ነገር ሲጠጋ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል. "this book"- ነጠላ "these books"- ብዙ ቁጥር "THAT/THOSE"- እየጠቆምንበት ያለው ነገር ርቆ በሚገኝበት ጊዜ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል. "that book"- ነጠላ "those books"- ብዙ ቁጥር

this bag

ይህ ቦርሳ

What's in this bag?

That man is my friend.

ያ ሰው ጓደኛዬ ነው።

a puppy

የውሻ ግልገል

I want a puppy.

to look

ማየት

Look at me.

Look at these puppies!

እነዚህን ቡችላዎች እዩዋቸው!

Look at these kittens! They're playing with a ball of yarn.

people

ሰዎች

Those people are funny.

over there

በዚያ በኩል

I left my keys over there on the table.

Is the supermarket over there?

ሱፐርማርኬቱ እዚያ ጋር ነው?

those people

እነዚያ ሰዎች

Those people over there are our friends.

those books

እነዚያ መጻሕፍት

Are those books new?

to put

ማስቀመጥ

Put it on the table.

these strawberries

እነዚህ እንጆሪዎች

Put these strawberries in the bag.

*የአየር ሁኔታ ንግግር* የአየር ሁኔታ በየቀኑ ማለት ይቻላል ስለሚለዋወጥ ብዙ ጊዜ የሚብራራ ርዕስ ነው። ውጭ እየሆነ ስላለው ነገር ለመነጋገር አንዳንድ ጠቃሚ ሀረጎችን እንይ!😉

What’s the weather like today?

ዛሬ የአየር ሁኔታው ምን ይመስላል?

I forgot my umbrella! What’s the weather like today?

It's raining.

ዝናብ እየዘነበ ነው።

It's raining, so we should take an umbrella.

an umbrella

ጃንጥላ

I need an umbrella because it's raining.

The weather is nice.

አየሩ ጥሩ ነው።

Today, the weather is nice, so let's go to the park.

It's sunny.

ፀሐያማ ነው።

I love it when it's sunny outside.

It’s hot outside.

ውጭ ሙቀት ነው።

Don’t forget to bring water; it’s hot outside.

The weather is bad today.

ዛሬ የአየር ሁኔታው መጥፎ ነው።

It’s cold.

ብርድ ነው።

It’s cold outside, so don’t forget your jacket.

It’s snowing.

በረዶ እየጣለ ነው።

Look outside! It’s snowing!

It’s cloudy.

ደመናማ ነው።

When it’s cloudy, I like to stay inside and read a book.

It's windy.

ነፋሻማ ነው።

It's windy today, so I will wear a jacket.

It looks like it's going to rain.

ዝናብ የሚጥል ይመስላል።

*ባለቤት የሆኑ ተውላጠ ስሞች* *ጥገኛ* - እነሱ በተገናኙት ቃል ፊት ይቆማሉ እና እራሳቸውን ችለው በጭራሽ አይከሰቱም ። "my""your""his""her""its""our""your",,,,,,,,,,,,,, "their" "This is my car." *ገለልተኛ* - በአረፍተ ነገር ወይም በስም ጀርባ ብቻውን መቆም ይችላል። "mine""yours""his""hers""its""ours""yours",,,,,,,,,,,,,, "theirs" "This car is mine."

her voice

የሷ ድምፅ

Her voice sounds amazing.

our son

ልጃችን

Our son likes to play football.

their daughter

ልጃቸው

Their daughter plays the guitar.

Our son and their daughter are friends.

ልጃችን እና የነሱ ልጅ ጓደኛሞች ናቸው።

What's your address?

አድራሻዎ የት ነው?

his fault

የእሱ ጥፋት

This is his fault.

It's not my fault.

የእኔ ጥፋት አይደለም።

That house is ours.

ቤቱ የኛ ነው።

That house is ours. We bought it last year.

This drink is mine.

ይህ መጠጥ የእኔ ነው።

Is this car yours?

ይህ መኪና የእርስዎ ነው?

The child is theirs.

ልጁ የእነሱ ነው።

*ንብረትን መግለጽ;* እኛ *የምንጨምረው* ነገሮች በሰዎች ሲያዙ ነው፣ ነገር ግን ከእንስሳት፣ ከድርጅቶች አልፎ ተርፎም አንዳንድ ጊዜ መግለጫዎችን መጠቀም ይቻላል። "This is my sister's dog." "What are the government’s plans?" "Today’s news." በብዙ ቁጥር የምንጨምረው አፖስትሮፍ ( *'* ) ያለ *s* ፡- "Our sisters' dresses are long."