Kursus untuk pemula mutlak (A1)Kata-kata bahasa Inggris

*Selamat datang di kursus untuk pemula!* Kursus ini akan memandu Anda melalui dasar-dasar bahasa Inggris. Kursus ini akan membantu Anda memahami tata bahasa dasar sambil memperkenalkan frasa yang berguna dan kosakata kunci untuk situasi sehari-hari. Kita akan mulai dengan ungkapan-ungkapan penting, seperti salam dan berterima kasih kepada orang lain. Ayo mulai!
Hello!
Halo!
Hello and welcome to the course.
My name is...
Nama saya adalah...
My name is Paul.
Thank you!
Terima kasih!
Thank you for your help!
please
tolong
Could you please help me with my homework?
How are you?
Apa kabar?
How are you today?
I am fine.
Kabar saya baik.
How are you? - I am fine!
Excuse me?
Maaf?
Excuse me, are you John?
I don't understand.
Saya tidak mengerti.
sorry
maaf
I'm sorry.
a name
sebuah nama
What is your name?
What's your name?
Siapa namamu?
good
bagus
The weather is good.
bad
buruk
The weather is bad.
Goodbye!
Sampai jumpa!
Goodbye! I hope to see you soon.
*Anda berasal dari mana?* Penting untuk mengetahui cara mengatakan dari mana Anda berasal. Anda dapat menjawab dengan dua cara: "I am from..." "I come from..." "Where are you from?" "I am from Spain." atau "I come from Spain."
Where are you from?
Anda berasal dari mana?
Where are you from? - I am from Germany.
I am from ...
Saya berasal dari ...
Where are you from? - I am from France.
I come from...
Saya berasal dari...
I come from Canada.
Coffee, please.
Kopi, ya.
Can I get a coffee, please?
Yes, please!
Ya, silakan!
Would you like some water? - Yes, please!
the friends
teman-teman
I like my friends.
Yes or no?
Ya atau tidak?
Do you want to go to the park? Yes or no?
to like
menyukai
I like ice cream.
also
juga
Juan is also from Chile.
small
kecil
Ukraine is not small.
big
besar
Canada is big.
a country
sebuah negara
I like my country.
I am from a small country.
Saya berasal dari negara kecil.
Peter is from a big country.
Lihatlah bentuk-bentuk dari kata kerja "TO BE" dalam tiga orang pertama: Berikut adalah caranya: "I am" "you are" "he/she/it is" Perhatikan bahwa "I" *selalu ditulis dengan huruf kapital.*
You are beautiful.
Kamu cantik.
Everyone thinks you are beautiful.
He is a man.
Dia adalah seorang laki-laki.
He is a tall man.
She is a woman.
Dia adalah seorang wanita.
She is a beautiful woman.
to live in
tinggal di
We live in a big house.
You live in a house.
Kamu tinggal di sebuah rumah.
I live in a house with my family.
Are you Paul?
Apakah Anda Paul?
Excuse me, are you Paul?
I am not Paul. I am John.
Saya bukan Paul. Saya Jan.
my friend
teman saya
You are my best friend.
He is my friend.
Dia adalah teman saya.
He is my best friend.
I am fine, thank you.
Saya baik-baik saja, terima kasih.
I'm good, thanks.
*Tolong satu kopi!* Apakah Anda menemukan kafe yang nyaman dalam perjalanan Anda? Mari pelajari cara memesan kopi dan menanyakan tagihannya.
coffee with milk
kopi susu
Can I have a coffee with milk, please?
a café
sebuah kafe
A woman in the café asked for a coffee.
Can I see the menu, please?
Boleh saya lihat menunya?
How much is it?
Berapa harganya?
How much is the coffee, please?
One cappuccino, please.
Satu cappuccino, ya.
Can I have one cappuccino, please?
tea
teh
I would like a cup of tea, please.
a cup of tea with sugar
secangkir teh dengan gula
Can I have a tea with sugar, please?
a coffee to go
kopi untuk dibawa pulang
I'll have a coffee to go, please.
Can I have a coffee to go?
Bisa pesan kopi untuk dibawa pulang?
a cake
sepotong kue
Can I have a slice of cake?
Can I also get a slice of cake, please?
Boleh saya minta sepotong kue juga?
It was delicious!
Rasanya enak sekali!
The cake was delicious!
Can I have the bill, please?
Boleh minta tagihannya?
a bank card
kartu bank
Can I pay by card, please?
cash
tunai
They only accept cash.
Can I pay by card?
Bisa bayar pakai kartu?
Sorry, we only accept cash.
Maaf, kami hanya menerima pembayaran tunai.
*Artikel yang tidak pasti dan pasti* "a dog"- Kami menggunakan artikel tidak terbatas saat kami tidak membicarakan hal tertentu. Kami juga menggunakan artikel tidak terbatas ketika kami berbicara tentang sesuatu untuk pertama kalinya. Misalnya: "There is a dog." Artikel tak tentu hanya digunakan untuk kata tunggal, *jamak tidak memiliki artikel tak tentu.* "the car"- Kami menggunakan artikel yang pasti ketika kami merujuk pada sesuatu atau seseorang yang telah kami sebutkan sebelumnya atau ketika jelas dari konteksnya apa atau siapa yang sedang kita bicarakan. Misalnya: "The car is big." "The dog that attacked me ran away."
a dog
seekor anjing
I want to have a dog.
a man
seorang pria
There is a man.
a woman
seorang wanita
A woman in the café ordered a cappuccino.
and
dan
A mother and a child.
a man and a dog
seorang pria dan seekor anjing
I can see a man and a dog.
a child
seorang anak
The woman has a child.
to play
bermain
The children play football outside.
The child plays.
Anak itu sedang bermain.
The child plays with the car.
a garden
sebuah taman
We have a big garden.
They play in the garden.
Mereka bermain di taman.
Every afternoon, the children play in the garden.
*Kapan kita menggunakan AN alih-alih A?* Jika sebuah kata dimulai dengan konsonan, kami menggunakan formulir "a". Jika sebuah kata diawali dengan bunyi vokal, kita menggunakan bentuk "an". "a pen" "an apple"
an apple
sebuah apel
There is an apple.
to eat
makan
The man is eating an apple.
He eats an apple.
Dia makan apel.
He eats an apple every day.
an hour
satu jam
I had to wait for more than an hour.
It's a boy
Bayinya laki-laki
a teacher
seorang guru
I like my teacher.
She is a teacher.
Dia adalah seorang guru.
*Bentuk sekarang* Kegunaan: Saat kita ingin mengungkapkan kebiasaan, tindakan berulang, kebenaran umum, emosi, dan keinginan. Dalam bahasa Inggris, semua orang memiliki bentuk yang sama, kecuali orang ketiga tunggal. Dalam kebanyakan kasus, akhiran *-s* ditambahkan pada orang ketiga tunggal: "I live in Prague." "My sister lives in London."
I drink
Saya minum
I drink coffee every day.
He eats healthy.
Dia makan makanan sehat.
He eats healthy to stay fit and strong.
You eat pizza.
Kamu makan pizza.
I eat cake.
she sleeps
dia sedang tidur
She sleeps 8 hours a day.
we go
kita pergi
We go to the cinema once a month.
She goes alone.
Dia pergi sendirian.
She goes alone to the store.
I read
Saya sedang membaca
I read a book every night before bed.
He reads a book.
Dia sedang membaca buku.
They read a lot.
Mereka banyak membaca.
They read a lot of books.
*Akhir cerita terkadang berubah* Jika kata kerjanya diakhiri dengan *-y* yang mengikuti konsonan, untuk orang ketiga tunggal kita hilangkan *-y* dan tambahkan *-ies* : "I study English." "He studies English." Kita menambahkan akhiran *-es* pada orang ketiga tunggal jika kata kerjanya berakhiran *-sh* , *-ch* , *-x* , *-o* , *-ss* , *-zz* : "I wash my hands." "He washes his hands."
She studies a lot.
Dia banyak belajar.
She studies a lot to get good grades.
He studies English.
Dia belajar bahasa Inggris.
to watch
menonton
We watch the movie in the class.
a movie
sebuah film
The action scenes were not bad in the movie.
He watches movies.
Dia menonton film.
She watches the dog.
Dia menjaga anjing itu.
She watches the dog every Friday.
to wash
mencuci
I always wash my hands.
She washes the car.
Dia sedang mencuci mobil.
She washes the car every Saturday.
He washes his hands.
Dia mencuci tangannya.
The boy washes the apple.
Anak laki-laki itu mencuci apelnya.
*Meminta petunjuk arah* Jika Anda tersesat saat bepergian atau tidak yakin akan sesuatu, jangan ragu untuk bertanya kepada penduduk setempat. Ini adalah cara yang bagus untuk melatih bahasa. Berikut adalah beberapa frasa untuk membantu Anda menanganinya dengan mudah.
Where is the bus station?
Di mana letak terminal bus?
Do you know where the nearest bus station is?
bus station
terminal bus
The bus station is located near the park.
an airport
sebuah bandara
How much is a ticket to the airport?
Which bus goes to the airport?
Bus mana yang pergi ke bandara?
Excuse me, which bus goes to the airport?
a train
kereta api
The train arrives at 3 PM.
How do I get to the train station?
Bagaimana cara saya pergi ke stasiun kereta api?
I’m lost. How do I get to the train station?
I got lost.
Saya tersesat.
I got lost. Can you help me?
Can you help me?
Bisa bantu saya?
a shuttle bus
bus jemputan
Is there a shuttle bus to the airport?
Where is the public bathroom?
Di mana toilet umum?
right
kanan
Please turn right at the next corner.
left
kiri
Turn left at the corner.
straight
langsung
Go straight, then turn left.
Go straight and then turn left.
Jalan lurus lalu belok kiri.
a street
sebuah jalan
She walked down the street.
the end of the street
ujung jalan
We need to walk to the end of the street to find the bus stop.
Turn right at the end of the street.
Belok kanan di ujung jalan.
Where can I find a taxi?
Di mana saya bisa menemukan taksi?
Excuse me, where can I find a taxi?
to show
menunjukkan
I will show you my favorite café.
Can you show me on the map?
Bisa tunjukkan kepada saya di peta?
Can you show me on the map where the nearest restaurant is?
How long does it take to get there?
Berapa lama waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk sampai ke sana?
Can you tell me how long it takes to get to the airport?
*Ekspresi waktu dalam present simple tense* Gunakan ekspresi ini untuk menentukan kapan atau seberapa sering Anda melakukan sesuatu. "often" "usually" "sometimes" "always" "never" "every day/week/year/"
usually
biasanya
He usually arrives home at about one o'clock.
every day
setiap hari
I study every day.
I go to school every day.
Saya pergi ke sekolah setiap hari.
I go to school every day by bus.
on Saturday
pada hari Sabtu
What do you usually do on Saturday?
always
selalu
The sun always rises in the east.
a year
setahun
He is four years old.
to travel abroad
bepergian ke luar negeri
We travel abroad every year.
often
sering
We often go to the cinema.
a month
sebulan
July is my favourite month.
He never says hi.
Dia tidak pernah menyapa.
I always say hi to him, but he never says hi back.
to smoke
merokok
My grandparents smoke every day.
She never smokes.
Dia tidak pernah merokok.
My sister is very health-conscious. She never smokes.
I practice English every day.
Saya berlatih bahasa Inggris setiap hari.
I practice English every day by reading books, watching movies, and speaking with native speakers.
*Kata kerja UNTUK MEMILIKI* Karena kata kerja ini tidak beraturan, ada dua cara untuk menulisnya di masa sekarang: "have"atau "has", dan memutuskan untuk menggunakan satu atau yang lain tergantung pada subjek kalimat. "I have""you have""he/she/it has""we have""you have""they have"
We have two dogs.
Kami punya dua ekor anjing.
We have two dogs, a golden retriever and a poodle.
I have a child.
Saya punya anak.
You have a child.
You have a car.
Kamu punya mobil.
You have a big car.
He has it.
Dia memilikinya.
She has a book.
The teacher has a book.
Guru itu memiliki sebuah buku.
I have a book.
an aunt
seorang bibi
My aunt has a small garden.
My aunt has three children.
Bibi saya punya tiga anak.
My aunt has three children and they all have different personalities.
an uncle
seorang paman
My uncle has a small house.
My uncle has a small restaurant.
Paman saya punya restoran kecil.
beautiful eyes
mata yang indah
You have beautiful blue eyes.
She has beautiful eyes.
Dia memiliki mata yang indah.
He has beautiful eyes.
*Tiga kata kerja bantu utama* "Do", "be" dan "have"merupakan tiga *kata kerja bantu* utama dalam bahasa Inggris. Anda sudah mengetahui kata kerja "to have"dan bentuk tunggal dari "to be". Untuk *kata ganti subjek jamak* kamu hanya perlu mengingat satu bentuk kata kerjanya "to be" yaitu "are". Itu mudah, bukan? "I am" "you are" "he is"/ "she is"/ "it is" "we are" "you are" "they are"
You are my best friend.
Kamu adalah sahabat terbaikku.
I don't know what I would do without you. You are my best friend.
I am happy.
Saya bahagia.
I am happy for you.
a colour
warna
What is your favorite colour?
Red is a beautiful colour.
Merah adalah warna yang indah.
a student
seorang siswa
He is a very good student.
very good
sangat baik
He is a very good boy.
My sister is a very good student.
Adik perempuan saya adalah seorang siswi yang sangat baik.
He is a good boy.
Dia adalah anak laki-laki yang baik.
They are my friends.
Mereka adalah teman-teman saya.
They are my friends from school.
We are here.
Kami sudah sampai.
We are here to see my uncle.
We are from Austria.
Kami berasal dari Austria.
We are from Austria. Where are you from?
*Kata kerja TO DO* Kata kerja tersebut "to do" dapat berfungsi sebagai kata kerja bantu sekaligus kata kerja utama! Inilah cara kami mengkonjugasikan kata kerjanya "to do": "I do" "you do" "he/she/it does" "we do" "you do" "they do"
I do it.
Saya melakukannya.
It's good to exercise—I do it every day to stay healthy.
You do it.
Kamu yang melakukannya.
You do it very well.
she does
dia melakukan
She does her homework every day.
a homework
sebuah pekerjaan rumah
I do my homework everyday.
We do the homework.
Kami sedang mengerjakan PR.
We do the homework after school.
a lot
banyak
I cook a lot.
yoga
yoga
She does yoga to relax.
They do a lot of yoga.
Mereka banyak melakukan yoga.
*Bertemu dengan orang baru* Di bagian ini, kita akan mempelajari cara memperkenalkan diri dan mengajukan pertanyaan untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang orang lain.
What is your name?
Siapa namamu?
Hi! What is your name?
My name is Peter.
Nama saya Peter.
Nice to meet you!
Senang bertemu denganmu!
My name is Mary. And yours?
Nama saya Mary. Dan kamu?
How old are you?
Berapa umur Anda?
I am 29 years old.
Umur saya 29 tahun.
I am 29 years old. And you?
Where do you come from?
Anda berasal dari mana?
I come from Egypt. Where do you come from?
Where do you live?
Di mana Anda tinggal?
When I met my new friend, I asked, "Where do you live?"
What are your hobbies?
Apa hobi Anda?
I like reading.
Saya suka membaca.
like reading in the evenings.
I love sports.
Saya suka olahraga.
I love sports, especially basketball.
I like traveling.
Saya suka bepergian.
I like traveling to new places every summer.
What is your job?
Apa pekerjaan Anda?
I’m a dentist. What do you do for a living?
What do you do for living?
Apa pekerjaan Anda?
I'm curious, what do you do for a living?
I am an engineer.
Saya adalah seorang insinyur.
I am a mechanical engineer.
I work as a teacher.
Saya bekerja sebagai guru.
I work as a teacher in a primary school.
*Pertanyaan* Kita bisa menggunakannya "do"untuk membuat *formulir pertanyaan* . Jika subjeknya adalah *dia, dia* , atau *itu* , kita tambahkan *DOES* di awal untuk membuat kalimat afirmatif menjadi pertanyaan. Perhatikan bahwa *huruf S di akhir kata kerja dalam kalimat afirmatif (karena menggunakan orang ketiga) menghilang dalam pertanyaan.* Berikut beberapa contohnya: "Do you work here?" "Do you like chocolate?" "Does she speak Spanish?" "Does it work?" Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini bisa dijawab dengan *ya atau tidak* . Pada pertanyaan yang menggunakan *do/does,* jawaban singkat terhadap pertanyaan langsung dapat diberikan sebagai berikut: "Do you speak English?"- "Yes, I do."
Does it work?
Apakah ini berhasil?
Does it work for you?
to rain
hujan
It rains often here.
Does it rain?
Apakah sedang hujan?
Does it rain often here?
an ice cream
es krim
Chocolate ice cream is the best!
Do you like ice cream?
Apakah kamu suka es krim?
Do you speak English?
Apakah Anda bisa bahasa Inggris?
Do you speak English? - Yes, I do.
Does she have a cat?
Apakah dia punya kucing?
Does she have a cat? - Yes, she does.
siblings
saudara kandung
I have two siblings.
Do you have siblings?
Apakah kamu punya saudara kandung?
Do you have siblings? - No, I don't.
Do you play soccer?
Apakah kamu bermain sepak bola?
Do you play soccer? - Yes, I do.
*Pertanyaan dengan TO BE* Sebagian besar pertanyaan dibentuk dengan *mengubah urutan kata* dalam kalimat. Kalimat dasar: subjek + am/is/are "She is from Spain." Pertanyaan: am/is/are + subjek "Is she from Spain?"
Are you all right?
Kamu baik-baik saja?
Are you all right? - Yes, I am.
Is it your dog?
Apakah ini anjing Anda?
Am I right?
Benar, kan?
I think the meeting is at 3 PM. Am I right?
Is he from England?
Apakah dia berasal dari Inggris?
Is he from England or France?
Is she a teacher?
Apakah dia seorang guru?
Are they siblings?
Apakah mereka saudara kandung?
Are they siblings or not?
at home
di rumah
We stay at home.
Are they at home?
Apakah mereka ada di rumah?
true
benar
a true story
Is it true?
Apakah itu benar?
Is it true? - Yes, it is.
*Pertanyaan WH* Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini tidak dapat dijawab ya atau tidak. Aturan pembentukan pertanyaan sama seperti di atas, kecuali kata tanya tambahan muncul di awal ( "what", "why", "where", "when", "whom", "whose", "how") "Where is he?"- "He is here." "What do they like?"- "They like pizza"
Where are you?
Kamu di mana?
Where are you right now?
Who is it?
Siapa itu?
When the phone rang, I asked, "Who is it?
It's my mother.
Ini adalah ibu saya.
Who is it? - It's my mother.
to work
bekerja
Where does your sister work?
Why are you here?
Mengapa Anda ada di sini?
Why are you here now?
What time is it?
Jam berapa sekarang?
What time is it, please? Are we late?
When does the movie start?
Jam berapa filmnya mulai?
When does the movie start? - It starts in two hours.
How far is the cinema?
Seberapa jauh bioskopnya?
How far is the cinema from here?
*pertanyaan BAGAIMANA* "How"dapat digunakan dengan kata lain untuk membuat berbagai jenis pertanyaan, misalnya: "how far", "how long", "how many". Selain itu, how dapat digunakan *dengan kata sifat* untuk membuat pertanyaan misalnya: "How difficult is it?" "How old is he?"
How much?
Berapa harganya?
How much does the car cost?
the ticket
tiket
The ticket is too expensive.
How much is the ticket?
Berapa harga tiketnya?
How much is it?
old
tua
The old man is very kind.
young
muda
He is very young.
How old is your sister?
Berapa umur saudara perempuanmu?
How old is she? - She is very young.
How far is the park?
Seberapa jauh jarak ke taman?
How far is the park from here?
How many apples do you want?
Berapa banyak apel yang Anda inginkan?
How long is the movie?
Berapa lama durasi filmnya?
How often?
Seberapa sering?
How often do you cook?
How often do you travel?
Seberapa sering Anda bepergian?
How often do you travel during the summer?
*Negatif* Kita membuat negatifnya dengan meletakkan "not"setelah kata kerja. Jika ada dua kata kerja dalam sebuah kalimat, kita selalu menempatkannya "not"setelah kata kerja pertama. Seperti pada contoh kalimat berikut ini: "We do not work here." "She does not speak English." "They are not here." "I am not your friend." *Petunjuk: don't adalah bentuk kependekan dari do not* , seperti halnya *aren't* adalah bentuk kependekan dari *are not* dan *isn't* of *is not* .
I do not drive.
Saya tidak menyetir.
I do not drive the bus.
He doesn't work.
Dia tidak bekerja.
angry
marah
He is angry.
We aren't angry.
Kami tidak marah.
not bad
lumayan
The movie is not bad.
The food is not bad.
Makanannya lumayan.
The food is not bad at the restaurant.
I don't like pizza.
Saya tidak suka pizza.
We don't like ice cream.
Kami tidak suka es krim.
at school
di sekolah
She isn't at school.
She isn't at school.
Dia tidak ada di sekolah.
Where is she? She isn't at school.
They aren't at home.
Mereka tidak ada di rumah.
I don't play the piano.
Saya tidak bermain piano.
to speak
berbicara
Do you speak English?
We do not speak English.
Kami tidak berbicara bahasa Inggris.
We don't speak English.
*Menggambarkan seseorang* Mari pelajari cara mendeskripsikan seseorang dengan menggunakan kata kerja "to have" dan "to be" yang telah Anda ketahui, beserta beberapa kata sifat praktis.
He has long hair.
Rambutnya panjang.
He has long beautiful hair.
She is very tall.
Dia sangat tinggi.
His sister is very tall.
He's younger than she is.
Dia lebih muda daripada dia.
Her brother is younger than she is.
She is older than he is.
Dia lebih tua daripada dia.
She has short hair.
Rambutnya pendek.
Many people think she looks great with her short hair.
Is your brother short or tall?
Apakah saudara laki-lakimu pendek atau tinggi?
He has brown eyes.
Dia memiliki mata cokelat.
She has blue eyes.
Dia memiliki mata biru.
She is tall and has blue eyes.
They are young.
Mereka masih muda.
They are young and full of energy.
He is old.
Dia sudah tua.
My grandfather is old.
I have curly hair.
Rambutku keriting.
I have short curly hair.
She has straight hair.
Rambutnya lurus.
She has straight hair, and she loves to wear it down.
*Jamak* Jamak sebagian besar dibentuk hanya dengan menambahkan akhiran *-S* ke kata benda. Misalnya: "a girl"- "girls" "a song"- "songs" Jika kata berakhiran ‑s, ‑sh, ‑ch, ‑x, or ‑z, kita tambahkan *-ES* "a bus"- "buses" Jika kata berakhiran *Y* setelah konsonan, kita ubah *Y* menjadi *I* dan tambahkan *-ES* "a strawberry"- "strawberries" Ada juga beberapa bentuk jamak tidak beraturan, misalnya: "a child"- "children" "a woman"- "women" "a man"- "men"
brothers
saudara laki-laki
I have two brothers.
children
anak-anak
There are a lot of children in the park.
Do you have children?
Apakah Anda punya anak?
still
masih
She still works there.
because
karena
She is happy because she got a new puppy.
a strawberry
buah stroberi
How much are the strawberries?
I like strawberries.
Saya suka stroberi.
I like strawberries because they are sweet.
men
laki-laki
These two men have curly hair.
horses
kuda-kuda
Our neighbours have three horses.
these men
pria-pria ini
Do you know these men?
These two men are best friends.
Kedua pria ini adalah sahabat karib.
These women are beautiful.
Wanita-wanita ini cantik.
"There is"/ "There are" Frasa ini menyatakan bahwa ada sesuatu di suatu tempat: Kalimat positif: "There is a dog." "There are two boys." Pertanyaan: "Is there a house?"Jawaban: "Yes, there is./No there is not." Pertanyaan: "Are there trees in the garden?"Jawaban: "Yes, there are./ No, there are not." Negatif: "There is not a problem." "There are no trees in the garden."
a bird
seekor burung
There is a black bird.
a roof
atap
This house has no roof.
There's a bird on the roof.
Ada seekor burung di atas atap.
a supermarket
sebuah supermarket
I need to go to the supermarket to buy some eggs.
Is there a supermarket around here?
Apakah ada supermarket di sekitar sini?
an egg
sebutir telur
I like eggs.
a fridge
sebuah kulkas
The food is in the fridge.
There are six eggs in the fridge.
Ada enam butir telur di dalam kulkas.
There's a dog on the street.
Ada seekor anjing di jalan.
a monkey
seekor monyet
There are many monkeys in the jungle.
Are there monkeys in the jungle?
Apakah ada monyet di hutan?
a room
sebuah kamar
My room is big.
free
gratis
Refreshments will be available for free.
available
tersedia
The book is available at the library.
"SOME"/ "ANY" Kami "some"menggunakan kalimat positif untuk kata benda jamak yang dapat dihitung (ketika kami tidak tahu jumlah pastinya) dan untuk kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung. "I have some flowers" "There is some milk in the fridge" Kami menggunakan "any"kalimat negatif dan pertanyaan. "I do not have any flowers." "Is there any milk?"
I have some news.
Aku punya kabar.
Any ideas?
Ada ide?
I'm not sure what to do next. Any ideas?
I have some ideas.
Saya punya beberapa ide.
He does not have any friends.
Dia tidak punya teman.
He hasn't got any friends.
to stay
tinggal
Do you stay at home?
Some students stay at home.
Beberapa siswa tinggal di rumah.
to want
ingin
I want an apple.
I want some apple juice.
Saya mau jus apel.
There are some apples in the kitchen.
Ada beberapa apel di dapur.
Is there any milk left?
Apa masih ada sisa susu?
Is there any milk left in the fridge?
free time
waktu luang
What do you do in your free time?
I do not have any free time.
Saya tidak punya waktu luang sama sekali.
*Kata ganti penunjuk* "THIS/THESE"- Digunakan saat objek yang ditunjuk dekat. "this book"- tunggal "these books"- jamak "THAT/THOSE"- Digunakan ketika objek yang kita tunjuk lebih jauh. "that book"- tunggal "those books"- jamak
this bag
tas ini
What's in this bag?
That man is my friend.
Pria itu adalah teman saya.
a puppy
anak anjing
I want a puppy.
to look
melihat
Look at me.
Look at these puppies!
Lihatlah anak-anak anjing ini!
Look at these kittens! They're playing with a ball of yarn.
people
orang-orang
Those people are funny.
over there
di sana
I left my keys over there on the table.
Is the supermarket over there?
Apakah supermarketnya ada di sebelah sana?
those people
orang-orang itu
Those people over there are our friends.
those books
buku-buku itu
Are those books new?
to put
meletakkan
Put it on the table.
these strawberries
stroberi-stroberi ini
Put these strawberries in the bag.
*Pembicaraan cuaca* Cuaca adalah topik yang sering dibicarakan, karena cuaca berubah hampir setiap hari. Mari kita lihat beberapa frasa yang berguna agar Anda bisa membicarakan tentang apa yang terjadi di luar sana!
What’s the weather like today?
Bagaimana cuaca hari ini?
I forgot my umbrella! What’s the weather like today?
It's raining.
Sedang hujan.
It's raining, so we should take an umbrella.
an umbrella
sebuah payung
I need an umbrella because it's raining.
The weather is nice.
Cuacanya bagus.
Today, the weather is nice, so let's go to the park.
It's sunny.
Cuaca sedang cerah.
I love it when it's sunny outside.
It’s hot outside.
Di luar panas.
Don’t forget to bring water; it’s hot outside.
The weather is bad today.
Cuaca hari ini buruk.
It’s cold.
Udaranya dingin.
It’s cold outside, so don’t forget your jacket.
It’s snowing.
Sedang turun salju.
Look outside! It’s snowing!
It’s cloudy.
Sedang mendung.
When it’s cloudy, I like to stay inside and read a book.
It's windy.
Berangin.
It's windy today, so I will wear a jacket.
It looks like it's going to rain.
Sepertinya akan turun hujan.
*Kata ganti posesif* *Bergantung* - mereka berdiri di depan kata yang menghubungkan mereka dan mereka tidak pernah muncul secara mandiri. "my", "your", "his", "her", "its", "our", "your", "their" "This is my car." *Independen* - bisa berdiri sendiri dalam kalimat atau di belakang kata benda "mine", "yours", "his", "hers", "its", "ours", "yours", "theirs" "This car is mine."
her voice
suaranya
Her voice sounds amazing.
our son
putra kami
Our son likes to play football.
their daughter
putri mereka
Their daughter plays the guitar.
Our son and their daughter are friends.
Putra kami dan putri mereka berteman.
What's your address?
Apa alamat Anda?
his fault
kesalahannya
This is his fault.
It's not my fault.
Ini bukan salahku.
That house is ours.
Rumah itu milik kami.
That house is ours. We bought it last year.
This drink is mine.
Minuman ini milikku.
Is this car yours?
Apakah ini mobil Anda?
The child is theirs.
Anak itu milik mereka.
*Mengekspresikan kepemilikan:* Kita menambahkan *'s* ketika benda tersebut dimiliki oleh manusia, namun dapat juga digunakan pada hewan, organisasi, dan bahkan beberapa ekspresi waktu. "This is my sister's dog." "What are the government’s plans?" "Today’s news." Dalam bentuk jamak kita hanya menambahkan apostrof ( *'* ) tanpa *s* : "Our sisters' dresses are long."
today's news
berita hari ini
We watched today's news.
my sister's dog
anjing saudara perempuan saya
My sister's dog is very friendly.
I play with my sister's dog.
Aku sedang bermain dengan anjing saudara perempuanku.
with
dengan
They play with my son.
your father's car
mobil ayahmu
Your father's car is fast.
his friend's book
buku temannya
He reads his friend's book.
in my parents' house
di rumah orang tua saya
I live in my parents' house.
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