पूर्णतया शुरुआतीहरूका लागि पाठ्यक्रम (A1)अंग्रेजी शब्दहरू
by DuoCards
*पूर्ण शुरुआतीहरूको लागि पाठ्यक्रममा स्वागत छ!*
यो कोर्सले तपाईंलाई अंग्रेजीको आधारभूत कुराहरू मार्फत मार्गदर्शन गर्नेछ। यसले तपाईंलाई दैनिक परिस्थितिहरूको लागि उपयोगी वाक्यांशहरू र मुख्य शब्दावलीहरू परिचय गराउँदै आधारभूत व्याकरण बुझ्न मद्दत गर्नेछ।
हामी अभिवादन र अरूलाई धन्यवाद दिने जस्ता आवश्यक अभिव्यक्तिहरूबाट सुरु गर्नेछौं। अब जाऔं!
Hello!
नमस्ते!
Hello and welcome to the course.
My name is...
मेरो नाम ... हो।
My name is Paul.
Thank you!
धन्यवाद!
Thank you for your help!
please
कृपया
Could you please help me with my homework?
How are you?
तपाईंलाई कस्तो छ?
How are you today?
I am fine.
म सन्चै छु।
How are you? - I am fine!
Excuse me?
हजुर?
Excuse me, are you John?
I don't understand.
मैले बुझिन।
sorry
माफ गर्नुहोस्
I'm sorry.
a name
एउटा नाम
What is your name?
What's your name?
तपाईंको नाम के हो?
good
राम्रो
The weather is good.
bad
नराम्रो
The weather is bad.
Goodbye!
फेरि भेटौँला!
Goodbye! I hope to see you soon.
*तपाईं कहाँबाट हुनुहुन्छ?*
तपाईं कहाँबाट हुनुहुन्छ भनेर कसरी भन्न सकिन्छ भनेर जान्नु महत्त्वपूर्ण छ। तपाईं दुई तरिकाले जवाफ दिन सक्नुहुन्छ:
"I am from..."
"I come from..."
"Where are you from?"
"I am from Spain."वा "I come from Spain."।
Where are you from?
तपाईं कहाँबाट हुनुहुन्छ?
Where are you from? - I am from Germany.
I am from ...
म ... बाट हुँ
Where are you from? - I am from France.
I come from...
म ... बाट आएको हुँ।
I come from Canada.
Coffee, please.
कृपया, कफी दिनुहोस्।
Can I get a coffee, please?
Yes, please!
हजुर, कृपया!
Would you like some water?
- Yes, please!
the friends
साथीहरू
I like my friends.
Yes or no?
हो कि होइन?
Do you want to go to the park? Yes or no?
to like
मन पराउनु
I like ice cream.
also
पनि
Juan is also from Chile.
small
सानो
Ukraine is not small.
big
ठूलो
Canada is big.
a country
एउटा देश
I like my country.
I am from a small country.
म एउटा सानो देशबाट हुँ।
Peter is from a big country.
*क्रियापद TO BE*
"TO BE"पहिलो तीन व्यक्तिमा क्रियाको रूपहरू हेर्नुहोस्:
यो कसरी जान्छ यहाँ छ:
"I am"
"you are"
"he/she/it is"
ध्यान दिनुहोस् कि "I"*सधैं ठूलो अक्षरमा लेखिएको हुन्छ।* ।
You are beautiful.
तिमी सुन्दरी छौ।
Everyone thinks you are beautiful.
He is a man.
उनी एक पुरुष हुन्।
He is a tall man.
She is a woman.
उनी एक महिला हुन्।
She is a beautiful woman.
to live in
मा बस्नु
We live in a big house.
You live in a house.
तपाईं घरमा बस्नुहुन्छ।
I live in a house with my family.
Are you Paul?
के तपाईं पल हुनुहुन्छ?
Excuse me, are you Paul?
I am not Paul. I am John.
म पल होइन। म जोन हुँ।
my friend
मेरो साथी
You are my best friend.
He is my friend.
ऊ मेरो साथी हो।
He is my best friend.
I am fine, thank you.
म सञ्चै छु, धन्यवाद।
I'm good, thanks.
*एउटा कफी, कृपया!*
के तपाईंले आफ्नो यात्रामा आरामदायी क्याफे भेट्नुभयो? कफी कसरी अर्डर गर्ने वा बिल माग्ने सिकौं।
coffee with milk
दूध हालेको कफी
Can I have a coffee with milk, please?
a café
एउटा क्याफे
A woman in the café asked for a coffee.
Can I see the menu, please?
के म मेनु हेर्न सक्छु, कृपया?
How much is it?
यसको कति पर्छ?
How much is the coffee, please?
One cappuccino, please.
कृपया, एउटा क्यापुचिनो दिनुहोस्।
Can I have one cappuccino, please?
tea
चिया
I would like a cup of tea, please.
a cup of tea with sugar
चिनी हालेको एक कप चिया
Can I have a tea with sugar, please?
a coffee to go
लैजाने कफी
I'll have a coffee to go, please.
Can I have a coffee to go?
के म कफी प्याक गरेर लैजान सक्छु?
a cake
एउटा केक
Can I have a slice of cake?
Can I also get a slice of cake, please?
के म पनि एक टुक्रा केक पाउन सक्छु, कृपया?
It was delicious!
यो धेरै मिठो थियो!
The cake was delicious!
Can I have the bill, please?
कृपया, बिल पाउन सक्छु?
a bank card
बैंक कार्ड
Can I pay by card, please?
cash
नगद
They only accept cash.
Can I pay by card?
के म कार्डबाट पैसा तिर्न सक्छु?
Sorry, we only accept cash.
माफ गर्नुहोस्, हामी केवल नगद मात्र स्वीकार गर्छौं।
*अनिश्चित र निश्चित लेख*
"a dog"- हामी अनिश्चित लेख प्रयोग गर्छौं जब हामी कुनै विशेष कुराको बारेमा कुरा गर्दैनौं। हामी अनिश्चित लेख पनि प्रयोग गर्छौं जब हामी पहिलो पटक कुनै कुराको बारेमा कुरा गर्दैछौं।
उदाहरणका लागि: "There is a dog."
अनिश्चित लेखहरू एकवचन शब्दहरूको लागि मात्र प्रयोग गरिन्छ, *बहुवचनहरूमा अनिश्चित लेख हुँदैन।*
"the car"- हामी निश्चित लेख प्रयोग गर्छौं जब हामीले कुनै चीज वा कसैलाई सन्दर्भ गर्छौं जुन हामीले पहिले नै उल्लेख गरिसकेका छौं वा जब हामी के वा कसको बारेमा कुरा गर्दैछौं भन्ने सन्दर्भबाट स्पष्ट हुन्छ।
उदाहरणका लागि:
"The car is big."
"The dog that attacked me ran away."
।
a dog
एउटा कुकुर
I want to have a dog.
a man
एक पुरुष
There is a man.
a woman
एक महिला
A woman in the café ordered a cappuccino.
and
र
A mother and a child.
a man and a dog
एक पुरुष र एउटा कुकुर
I can see a man and a dog.
a child
बच्चा
The woman has a child.
to play
खेल्नु
The children play football outside.
The child plays.
बच्चा खेल्छ।
The child plays with the car.
a garden
एउटा बगैंचा
We have a big garden.
They play in the garden.
तिनीहरू बगैंचामा खेल्छन्।
Every afternoon, the children play in the garden.
*हामीले A को सट्टा AN कहिले प्रयोग गर्छौं?*
यदि कुनै शब्द व्यञ्जनबाट सुरु हुन्छ भने, हामी फारम प्रयोग गर्छौं "a"। यदि कुनै शब्द स्वरबाट सुरु हुन्छ भने, हामी फारम प्रयोग गर्छौं "an"।
"a pen"
"an apple"।
an apple
एउटा स्याउ
There is an apple.
to eat
खानु
The man is eating an apple.
He eats an apple.
उनी स्याउ खान्छन्।
He eats an apple every day.
an hour
एक घण्टा
I had to wait for more than an hour.
It's a boy
यो छोरा हो
a teacher
शिक्षक
I like my teacher.
She is a teacher.
उनी एक शिक्षिका हुन्।
*सामान्य वर्तमान*
प्रयोग: जब हामी बानीहरू, दोहोर्याइएको कार्यहरू, सामान्य सत्यहरू, भावनाहरू र इच्छाहरू व्यक्त गर्न चाहन्छौं।
अंग्रेजीमा, तेस्रो व्यक्ति एकवचन बाहेक सबै व्यक्तिहरूको एउटै रूप हुन्छ।
धेरै जसो अवस्थामा, प्रत्यय *-s* तेस्रो व्यक्ति एकवचनमा थपिएको छ:
"I live in Prague."
"My sister lives in London."।
I drink
म पिउँछु
I drink coffee every day.
He eats healthy.
उनी स्वस्थ खान्छन्।
He eats healthy to stay fit and strong.
You eat pizza.
तपाईं पिज्जा खानुहुन्छ।
I eat cake.
she sleeps
उनी सुत्छिन्
She sleeps 8 hours a day.
we go
हामी जान्छौं
We go to the cinema once a month.
She goes alone.
उनी एक्लै जान्छिन्।
She goes alone to the store.
I read
म पढ्छु
I read a book every night before bed.
He reads a book.
उनी किताब पढ्छन्।
They read a lot.
तिनीहरू धेरै पढ्छन्।
They read a lot of books.
*अन्त कहिलेकाहीं परिवर्तन हुन्छ*
यदि क्रिया *-y* सँग समाप्त हुन्छ जसले व्यञ्जनलाई पछ्याउँछ, 3rd व्यक्ति एकवचनका लागि हामीले *-y* हटाउँछौं र *-ies* थप्छौं:
"I study English."
"He studies English."
यदि क्रिया *-sh* , *-ch* , *-x* , *-o* , *-ss* , *-zz* मा समाप्त हुन्छ भने हामी 3rd person singular मा *-es* प्रत्यय थप्छौं।
"I wash my hands."
"He washes his hands."।
She studies a lot.
उनी धेरै पढ्छिन्।
She studies a lot to get good grades.
He studies English.
उनी अंग्रेजी पढ्छन्।
to watch
पछ्याउनु
We watch the movie in the class.
a movie
एउटा चलचित्र
The action scenes were not bad in the movie.
He watches movies.
उनी चलचित्रहरू हेर्छन्।
She watches the dog.
तिनी कुकुरको हेरचाह गर्छिन्।
She watches the dog every Friday.
to wash
धुनु
I always wash my hands.
She washes the car.
उनी गाडी धुन्छिन्।
She washes the car every Saturday.
He washes his hands.
उ आफ्नो हात धुन्छ।
The boy washes the apple.
केटो स्याउ पखाल्दैछ।
*निर्देशनहरू सोध्दै*
यदि तपाईं यात्रा गर्दा हराउनुभयो वा कुनै कुराको बारेमा अनिश्चित हुनुहुन्छ भने, स्थानीयहरूलाई सोध्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोस्। यो भाषा अभ्यास गर्ने एक राम्रो तरिका हो। यसलाई सजिलैसँग ह्यान्डल गर्न मद्दत गर्न यहाँ केही वाक्यांशहरू छन्।
Where is the bus station?
बस पार्क कहाँ छ?
Do you know where the nearest bus station is?
bus station
बस पार्क
The bus station is located near the park.
an airport
विमानस्थल
How much is a ticket to the airport?
Which bus goes to the airport?
कुन बस विमानस्थल जान्छ?
Excuse me, which bus goes to the airport?
a train
एउटा रेल
The train arrives at 3 PM.
How do I get to the train station?
म रेल स्टेशनमा कसरी जान सक्छु?
I’m lost. How do I get to the train station?
I got lost.
म हराएँ।
I got lost. Can you help me?
Can you help me?
के तपाईं मलाई मद्दत गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ?
a shuttle bus
शटल बस
Is there a shuttle bus to the airport?
Where is the public bathroom?
सार्वजनिक शौचालय कहाँ छ?
right
दायाँ
Please turn right at the next corner.
left
बायाँ
Turn left at the corner.
straight
सिधा
Go straight, then turn left.
Go straight and then turn left.
सिधा जानुहोस् र त्यसपछि बायाँ मोडिनुहोस्।
a street
एउटा सडक
She walked down the street.
the end of the street
बाटोको अन्त्य
We need to walk to the end of the street to find the bus stop.
Turn right at the end of the street.
बाटोको अन्त्यमा दायाँ मोडिनुहोस्।
Where can I find a taxi?
मैले ट्याक्सी कहाँ पाउन सक्छु?
Excuse me, where can I find a taxi?
to show
देखाउनु
I will show you my favorite café.
Can you show me on the map?
के तपाईं मलाई नक्सामा देखाउन सक्नुहुन्छ?
Can you show me on the map where the nearest restaurant is?
How long does it take to get there?
त्यहाँ पुग्न कति समय लाग्छ?
Can you tell me how long it takes to get to the airport?
*वर्तमान सरल कालमा समय अभिव्यक्ति*
तपाइँ कहिले वा कति पटक केहि गर्नुहुन्छ निर्दिष्ट गर्न यी अभिव्यक्तिहरू प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
"often"
"usually"
"sometimes"
"always"
"never"
"every day/week/year/"।
usually
सामान्यतया
He usually arrives home at about one o'clock.
every day
हरेक दिन
I study every day.
I go to school every day.
म हरेक दिन विद्यालय जान्छु।
I go to school every day by bus.
on Saturday
शनिबार
What do you usually do on Saturday?
always
सधैं
The sun always rises in the east.
a year
एक वर्ष
He is four years old.
to travel abroad
विदेश भ्रमण गर्नु
We travel abroad every year.
often
प्रायजसो
We often go to the cinema.
a month
एक महिना
July is my favourite month.
He never says hi.
उसले कहिल्यै नमस्कार गर्दैन।
I always say hi to him, but he never says hi back.
to smoke
चुरोट पिउनु
My grandparents smoke every day.
She never smokes.
उनी कहिल्यै धुम्रपान गर्दिनन्।
My sister is very health-conscious. She never smokes.
I practice English every day.
म हरेक दिन अंग्रेजी अभ्यास गर्छु।
I practice English every day by reading books, watching movies, and speaking with native speakers.
*हुनु पर्ने क्रिया*
यो क्रिया अनियमित भएकोले, वर्तमानमा यसलाई लेख्ने दुई तरिकाहरू छन्: "have"वा "has", र एक वा अर्को प्रयोग गर्ने निर्णय वाक्यको विषयमा निर्भर गर्दछ।
"I have""you have""he/she/it has""we have""you have""they have"।
We have two dogs.
हामीसँग दुईवटा कुकुरहरू छन्।
We have two dogs, a golden retriever and a poodle.
I have a child.
मेरो एउटा बच्चा छ।
You have a child.
You have a car.
तपाईंसँग कार छ।
You have a big car.
He has it.
योसँग छ।
She has a book.
The teacher has a book.
शिक्षकसँग एउटा किताब छ।
I have a book.
an aunt
सानिमा वा ठूलीआमा
My aunt has a small garden.
My aunt has three children.
मेरो सानीआमाका तीनजना छोराछोरी छन्।
My aunt has three children and they all have different personalities.
an uncle
काका
My uncle has a small house.
My uncle has a small restaurant.
मेरो काकाको एउटा सानो रेस्टुरेन्ट छ।
beautiful eyes
सुन्दर आँखाहरू
You have beautiful blue eyes.
She has beautiful eyes.
उनका आँखाहरू सुन्दर छन्।
He has beautiful eyes.
*तीन मुख्य सहायक क्रियाहरू*
"Do", "be"र "have"अंग्रेजीमा तीन मुख्य *सहायक क्रियाहरू* हुन्। तपाइँ पहिले नै क्रिया "to have"र को एकवचन थाहा छ "to be"।
*बहुवचन विषय सर्वनामका* लागि तपाईले क्रियाको एउटा रूप मात्र सम्झनु पर्छ "to be"जुन हो "are"। त्यो सजिलो छ, हैन?
"I am"
"you are"
"he is""she is"// "it is"
"we are"
"you are"
"they are"।
You are my best friend.
तिमी मेरो सबैभन्दा मिल्ने साथी हौ।
I don't know what I would do without you. You are my best friend.
I am happy.
म खुसी छु।
I am happy for you.
a colour
रङ
What is your favorite colour?
Red is a beautiful colour.
रातो एक सुन्दर रङ्ग हो।
a student
एक विद्यार्थी
He is a very good student.
very good
धेरै राम्रो
He is a very good boy.
My sister is a very good student.
मेरो दिदी धेरै राम्रो विद्यार्थी हुनुहुन्छ।
He is a good boy.
त्यो एउटा असल केटो हो।
They are my friends.
तिनीहरू मेरा साथीहरू हुन्।
They are my friends from school.
We are here.
हामी यहाँ छौं।
We are here to see my uncle.
We are from Austria.
हामी अस्ट्रियाबाट हौँ।
We are from Austria. Where are you from?
*TO DO क्रिया*
क्रियाले "to do"सहायक क्रियाका साथै मुख्य क्रियाको रूपमा काम गर्न सक्छ! यहाँ हामीले क्रियालाई कसरी संयोजन गर्छौं "to do":
"I do"
"you do"
"he/she/it does"
"we do"
"you do"
"they do"।
I do it.
म यो गर्छु।
It's good to exercise—I do it every day to stay healthy.
You do it.
तपाईं यो गर्नुहुन्छ।
You do it very well.
she does
उनी गर्छिन्
She does her homework every day.
a homework
गृहकार्य
I do my homework everyday.
We do the homework.
हामी गृहकार्य गर्छौं।
We do the homework after school.
a lot
धेरै
I cook a lot.
yoga
योग
She does yoga to relax.
They do a lot of yoga.
तिनीहरू धेरै योग गर्छन्।
*नयाँ मान्छेहरूसँग भेटघाट*
यस खण्डमा, हामी आफ्नो परिचय कसरी दिने र अरूको बारेमा थप जान्नको लागि प्रश्नहरू सोध्ने तरिकाहरू अन्वेषण गर्नेछौं।
What is your name?
तपाईंको नाम के हो?
Hi! What is your name?
My name is Peter.
मेरो नाम पिटर हो।
Nice to meet you!
तपाईंलाई भेटेर खुसी लाग्यो!
My name is Mary. And yours?
मेरो नाम मेरी हो। अनि तपाईंको?
How old are you?
तपाईं कति वर्षको हुनुभयो?
I am 29 years old.
म २९ वर्षको भएँ।
I am 29 years old. And you?
Where do you come from?
तपाईं कहाँबाट आउनुभएको हो?
I come from Egypt. Where do you come from?
Where do you live?
तपाईं कहाँ बस्नुहुन्छ?
When I met my new friend, I asked, "Where do you live?"
What are your hobbies?
तपाईंका रुचिहरू के के हुन्?
I like reading.
मलाई पढ्न मन पर्छ।
like reading in the evenings.
I love sports.
मलाई खेलकुद मन पर्छ।
I love sports, especially basketball.
I like traveling.
मलाई भ्रमण गर्न मन पर्छ।
I like traveling to new places every summer.
What is your job?
तपाईंको काम के हो?
I’m a dentist. What do you do for a living?
What do you do for living?
तपाईं के काम गर्नुहुन्छ?
I'm curious, what do you do for a living?
I am an engineer.
म एक इन्जिनियर हुँ।
I am a mechanical engineer.
I work as a teacher.
म शिक्षकको रूपमा काम गर्छु।
I work as a teacher in a primary school.
*प्रश्नहरू*
हामी "do"*प्रश्न फारम* बनाउन प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौं। जब विषय *he, she* वा *it हो* , हामी सकारात्मक वाक्यलाई प्रश्न बनाउन सुरुमा *DOES* थप्छौं। ध्यान दिनुहोस् कि *सकारात्मक वाक्यमा क्रियाको अन्त्यमा अक्षर S (किनकि यो तेस्रो व्यक्तिमा छ) प्रश्नमा गायब हुन्छ।*
यहाँ केही उदाहरणहरू छन्:
"Do you work here?"
"Do you like chocolate?"
"Does she speak Spanish?"
"Does it work?"
यी प्रश्नहरूको जवाफ *हो वा होइनमा* दिन सकिन्छ।
*do/dos* प्रयोग गर्ने प्रश्नहरूमा निम्नानुसार प्रत्यक्ष प्रश्नहरूको छोटो जवाफ दिन सम्भव छ:
"Do you speak English?"- "Yes, I do."।
Does it work?
के यसले काम गर्छ?
Does it work for you?
to rain
पानी पर्नु
It rains often here.
Does it rain?
के पानी परिरहेको छ?
Does it rain often here?
an ice cream
एउटा आइसक्रिम
Chocolate ice cream is the best!
Do you like ice cream?
के तपाईंलाई आइसक्रिम मनपर्छ?
Do you speak English?
के तपाईं अंग्रेजी बोल्नुहुन्छ?
Do you speak English? - Yes, I do.
Does she have a cat?
के उसँग बिरालो छ?
Does she have a cat? - Yes, she does.
siblings
दिदीबहिनी तथा दाजुभाइ
I have two siblings.
Do you have siblings?
के तपाईंका दाजुभाइ वा दिदीबहिनीहरू छन्?
Do you have siblings? - No, I don't.
Do you play soccer?
के तपाईं फुटबल खेल्नुहुन्छ?
Do you play soccer? - Yes, I do.
*TO BE सँग प्रश्नहरू*
प्रायः प्रश्नहरू वाक्यमा *शब्द क्रम परिवर्तन* गरेर बनाइन्छ।
आधारभूत वाक्य: विषय + am/is/are "She is from Spain."
प्रश्न: am/is/are + विषय "Is she from Spain?"
।
Are you all right?
के तपाईँ ठिक हुनुहुन्छ?
Are you all right? - Yes, I am.
Is it your dog?
के यो तपाईंको कुकुर हो?
Am I right?
के म सही छु?
I think the meeting is at 3 PM. Am I right?
Is he from England?
के उनी इङ्गल्याण्डबाट हुन्?
Is he from England or France?
Is she a teacher?
के उनी शिक्षिका हुन्?
Are they siblings?
के उनीहरू दाजुभाइ दिदीबहिनी हुन्?
Are they siblings or not?
at home
घरमा
We stay at home.
Are they at home?
के तिनीहरू घरमा छन्?
true
सत्य
a true story
Is it true?
के यो साँचो हो?
Is it true? - Yes, it is.
*WH प्रश्नहरू*
यी प्रश्नहरूको जवाफ हो वा होइन भन्न सकिँदैन। प्रश्न निर्माणका नियमहरू माथिका जस्तै हुन्, बाहेक थप प्रश्न शब्द सुरुमा देखा पर्दछ ( "what", "why", "where", "when", "whom", "whose", "how")
"Where is he?"- "He is here."
"What do they like?"- "They like pizza"।
Where are you?
तपाईं कहाँ हुनुहुन्छ?
Where are you right now?
Who is it?
त्यो को हो?
When the phone rang, I asked, "Who is it?
It's my mother.
उहाँ मेरी आमा हुनुहुन्छ।
Who is it? - It's my mother.
to work
काम गर्नु
Where does your sister work?
Why are you here?
तपाईं यहाँ किन हुनुहुन्छ?
Why are you here now?
What time is it?
अहिले कति बज्यो?
What time is it, please? Are we late?
When does the movie start?
चलचित्र कति बजे सुरु हुन्छ?
When does the movie start? - It starts in two hours.
How far is the cinema?
हल कति टाढा छ?
How far is the cinema from here?
*कसरी प्रश्नहरू*
"How"विभिन्न प्रकारका प्रश्नहरू बनाउन अन्य शब्दहरूसँग प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ, उदाहरणका लागि:
"how far", "how long", "how many"।
ती बाहेक, उदाहरणका लागि प्रश्नहरू बनाउन *विशेषणहरू* कसरी प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ:
"How difficult is it?"
"How old is he?"।
How much?
कति?
How much does the car cost?
the ticket
टिकट
The ticket is too expensive.
How much is the ticket?
टिकटको कति पैसा पर्छ?
How much is it?
old
पुरानो
The old man is very kind.
young
जवान
He is very young.
How old is your sister?
तपाईंको दिदी वा बहिनी कति वर्षको हुनुभयो?
How old is she? - She is very young.
How far is the park?
पार्क कति टाढा छ?
How far is the park from here?
How many apples do you want?
तपाईंलाई कतिवटा स्याउ चाहिन्छ?
How long is the movie?
यो फिल्म कति लामो छ?
How often?
कति पटक?
How often do you cook?
How often do you travel?
तपाईं कत्तिको यात्रा गर्नुहुन्छ?
How often do you travel during the summer?
*नकारात्मक*
हामी "not"क्रिया पछि राखेर नकारात्मक बनाउँछौं। यदि वाक्यमा दुई क्रियाहरू छन् भने, हामी सधैं "not"पहिलो पछि राख्छौं। यी उदाहरण वाक्यहरूमा जस्तै:
"We do not work here."
"She does not speak English."
"They are not here."
"I am not your friend."
*संकेत: don't don't को छोटो रूप हो* , जस्तै *are not* भनेको *are not* र *isn't* *is not* को छोटो रूप हो।
I do not drive.
म गाडी चलाउँदिन।
I do not drive the bus.
He doesn't work.
उनी काम गर्दैनन्।
angry
रिसाएको
He is angry.
We aren't angry.
हामी रिसाएका छैनौं।
not bad
नराम्रो छैन
The movie is not bad.
The food is not bad.
खाना नराम्रो छैन।
The food is not bad at the restaurant.
I don't like pizza.
मलाई पिज्जा मन पर्दैन।
We don't like ice cream.
हामीलाई आइसक्रिम मन पर्दैन।
at school
विद्यालयमा
She isn't at school.
She isn't at school.
उनी विद्यालयमा छैनन्।
Where is she? She isn't at school.
They aren't at home.
तिनीहरू घरमा छैनन्।
I don't play the piano.
म पियानो बजाउँदिन।
to speak
बोल्नु
Do you speak English?
We do not speak English.
हामी अंग्रेजी बोल्दैनौं।
We don't speak English.
*व्यक्तिको वर्णन गर्नुहोस्*
"to have""to be"तपाईंलाई पहिले नै थाहा भएका क्रियापदहरू प्रयोग गरेर व्यक्तिलाई कसरी वर्णन गर्ने, साथै केही व्यावहारिक विशेषणहरू पनि सिकौं।
He has long hair.
उसको लामो कपाल छ।
He has long beautiful hair.
She is very tall.
उनी धेरै अग्ली छिन्।
His sister is very tall.
He's younger than she is.
उनीभन्दा ऊ कान्छो छ।
Her brother is younger than she is.
She is older than he is.
उनी उनीभन्दा जेठी छिन्।
She has short hair.
उनको कपाल छोटो छ।
Many people think she looks great with her short hair.
Is your brother short or tall?
तपाईंको भाइ पुड्को छ कि अग्लो?
He has brown eyes.
उसका आँखा खैरा छन्।
She has blue eyes.
उनका आँखा नीला छन्।
She is tall and has blue eyes.
They are young.
तिनीहरू जवान छन्।
They are young and full of energy.
He is old.
उहाँ वृद्ध हुनुहुन्छ।
My grandfather is old.
I have curly hair.
मेरो कपाल घुम्रिएको छ।
I have short curly hair.
She has straight hair.
उनको कपाल सिधा छ।
She has straight hair, and she loves to wear it down.
*बहुवचन*
बहुवचन प्रायः संज्ञामा अन्त्य *-S* जोडेर बनाइएको छ।
उदाहरणका लागि:
"a girl"- "girls"
"a song"- "songs"
यदि शब्द -s, -sh, -ch, -x, वा -z मा समाप्त हुन्छ, हामी *-ES* थप्छौं।
"a bus"- "buses"
यदि शब्द एक व्यञ्जन पछि *Y* मा समाप्त हुन्छ भने, हामी *Y* लाई *I* मा परिवर्तन गर्छौं र *-ES* थप्छौं
"a strawberry"- "strawberries"
त्यहाँ केही अनियमित बहुवचनहरू पनि छन्, उदाहरणका लागि:
"a child"- "children"
"a woman"- "women"
"a man"- "men"।
brothers
दाजुभाइहरू
I have two brothers.
children
बच्चाहरू
There are a lot of children in the park.
Do you have children?
के तपाईंका छोराछोरी छन्?
still
अझै पनि
She still works there.
because
किनभने
She is happy because she got a new puppy.
a strawberry
एउटा स्ट्रबेरी
How much are the strawberries?
I like strawberries.
मलाई स्ट्रबेरी मन पर्छ।
I like strawberries because they are sweet.
men
पुरुषहरू
These two men have curly hair.
horses
घोड़ाहरू
Our neighbours have three horses.
these men
यी पुरुषहरू
Do you know these men?
These two men are best friends.
यी दुई पुरुषहरू मिल्ने साथी हुन्।
These women are beautiful.
यी महिलाहरू सुन्दरी छन्।
"There is"/ "There are"
यी वाक्यांशहरूले व्यक्त गर्दछ कि केहि कतै छ:
एक सकारात्मक वाक्य:
"There is a dog."
"There are two boys."
प्रश्न: "Is there a house?"उत्तर: "Yes, there is./No there is not."
प्रश्न: "Are there trees in the garden?"उत्तर: "Yes, there are./ No, there are not."
नकारात्मक:
"There is not a problem."
"There are no trees in the garden."।
a bird
चरा
There is a black bird.
a roof
छानो
This house has no roof.
There's a bird on the roof.
छानोमा एउटा चरा छ।
a supermarket
एउटा सुपरमार्केट
I need to go to the supermarket to buy some eggs.
Is there a supermarket around here?
के यहाँ वरपर कुनै सुपरमार्केट छ?
an egg
एउटा अण्डा
I like eggs.
a fridge
एउटा फ्रिज
The food is in the fridge.
There are six eggs in the fridge.
फ्रिजमा छ वटा अण्डा छन्।
There's a dog on the street.
बाटोमा एउटा कुकुर छ।
a monkey
बाँदर
There are many monkeys in the jungle.
Are there monkeys in the jungle?
के जंगलमा बाँदरहरू छन्?
a room
एउटा कोठा
My room is big.
free
नि:शुल्क
Refreshments will be available for free.
available
उपलब्ध
The book is available at the library.
"SOME"/ "ANY"
हामी "some"गन्ने योग्य बहुवचन संज्ञाहरूको लागि सकारात्मक वाक्यहरूमा प्रयोग गर्छौं (जब हामीलाई सही रकम थाहा हुँदैन) र अगणनीय संज्ञाहरूको लागि।
"I have some flowers"
"There is some milk in the fridge"
हामी "any"नकारात्मक वाक्य र प्रश्नहरूमा प्रयोग गर्छौं।
"I do not have any flowers."
"Is there any milk?"।
I have some news.
मसँग केही समाचार छ।
Any ideas?
केही उपाय छ?
I'm not sure what to do next. Any ideas?
I have some ideas.
मसँग केही विचारहरू छन्।
He does not have any friends.
उसको कोही साथी छैनन्।
He hasn't got any friends.
to stay
बस्नु
Do you stay at home?
Some students stay at home.
केही विद्यार्थीहरू घरमै बस्छन्।
to want
चाहनु
I want an apple.
I want some apple juice.
मलाई स्याउको रस चाहिन्छ।
There are some apples in the kitchen.
भान्सामा केही स्याउहरू छन्।
Is there any milk left?
के केही दूध बाँकी छ?
Is there any milk left in the fridge?
free time
फुर्सदको समय
What do you do in your free time?
I do not have any free time.
मसँग अलिकति पनि फुर्सद छैन।
*प्रदर्शनात्मक सर्वनाम*
"THIS/THESE"- जब वस्तुलाई संकेत गरिँदै छ नजिक छ।
"this book"- एकवचन
"these books"- बहुवचन
"THAT/THOSE"- हामीले देखाएको वस्तु धेरै टाढा हुँदा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
"that book"- एकवचन
"those books"- बहुवचन
this bag
यो झोला
What's in this bag?
That man is my friend.
त्यो मान्छे मेरो साथी हो।
a puppy
कुकुरको छाउरो
I want a puppy.
to look
हेर्नु
Look at me.
Look at these puppies!
यी कुकुरका छाउराहरूलाई हेर्नुहोस्!
Look at these kittens! They're playing with a ball of yarn.
people
मानिसहरू
Those people are funny.
over there
त्यहाँ
I left my keys over there on the table.
Is the supermarket over there?
के सुपरमार्केट त्यहाँ छ?
those people
ती मानिसहरू
Those people over there are our friends.
those books
ती किताबहरू
Are those books new?
to put
राख्नु
Put it on the table.
these strawberries
यी स्ट्रबेरीहरू
Put these strawberries in the bag.
*मौसम वार्ता*
मौसम प्रायः छलफल हुने विषय हो, किनकि यो लगभग हरेक दिन परिवर्तन हुन्छ। बाहिर के भइरहेको छ भन्ने बारेमा कुरा गर्नको लागि केही उपयोगी वाक्यांशहरू हेरौं!😉
What’s the weather like today?
आजको मौसम कस्तो छ?
I forgot my umbrella! What’s the weather like today?
It's raining.
पानी परिरहेको छ।
It's raining, so we should take an umbrella.
an umbrella
एउटा छाता
I need an umbrella because it's raining.
The weather is nice.
मौसम राम्रो छ।
Today, the weather is nice, so let's go to the park.
It's sunny.
घाम लागेको छ।
I love it when it's sunny outside.
It’s hot outside.
बाहिर गर्मी छ।
Don’t forget to bring water; it’s hot outside.
The weather is bad today.
आज मौसम खराब छ।
It’s cold.
जाडो छ।
It’s cold outside, so don’t forget your jacket.
It’s snowing.
हिउँ परिरहेको छ।
Look outside! It’s snowing!
It’s cloudy.
बादल लागेको छ।
When it’s cloudy, I like to stay inside and read a book.
It's windy.
हावा चलिरहेको छ।
It's windy today, so I will wear a jacket.
It looks like it's going to rain.
पानी पर्ला जस्तो छ।
*सम्भावित सर्वनामहरू*
*निर्भर* - तिनीहरू जोडिएको शब्दको अगाडि खडा हुन्छन् र तिनीहरू स्वतन्त्र रूपमा कहिल्यै उत्पन्न हुँदैनन्।
"my", "your", "his", , "her", "its", "our", "your", "their"
"This is my car."
*स्वतन्त्र* - वाक्यमा वा संज्ञाको पछाडि एक्लै खडा हुन सक्छ
"mine", "yours", "his", , "hers", "its", "ours", "yours", "theirs"
"This car is mine."।
her voice
उनको आवाज
Her voice sounds amazing.
our son
हाम्रो छोरा
Our son likes to play football.
their daughter
उनीहरूको छोरी
Their daughter plays the guitar.
Our son and their daughter are friends.
हाम्रो छोरा र उनीहरूको छोरी साथी हुन्।
What's your address?
तपाईंको ठेगाना के हो?
his fault
उसको गल्ती
This is his fault.
It's not my fault.
यो मेरो गल्ती होइन।
That house is ours.
त्यो घर हाम्रो हो।
That house is ours. We bought it last year.
This drink is mine.
यो पेय मेरो हो।
Is this car yours?
के यो गाडी तपाईँको हो?
The child is theirs.
बच्चा उनीहरूको हो।
*कब्जा व्यक्त गर्दै:*
चीजहरू मानिसहरूको स्वामित्वमा हुँदा हामी *'s* थप्छौं, तर यो जनावरहरू, संस्थाहरू, र केही समय अभिव्यक्तिहरूमा पनि प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।
"This is my sister's dog."
"What are the government’s plans?"
"Today’s news."
बहुवचनमा हामी *s* बिना apostrophe ( *'* ) थप्छौं :
"Our sisters' dresses are long."।
today's news
आजको समाचार
We watched today's news.
my sister's dog
मेरो दिदीको कुकुर
My sister's dog is very friendly.
I play with my sister's dog.
म मेरी दिदीको कुकुरसँग खेल्छु।
with
सित
They play with my son.
your father's car
तपाईंको बुबाको कार
Your father's car is fast.
his friend's book
उसको साथीको किताब
He reads his friend's book.
in my parents' house
मेरो आमाबुवाको घरमा
I live in my parents' house.