零基础入门课程 (A1)英语单词

by DuoCards

*欢迎参加为完全初学者开设的课程！* 本课程将指导您学习英语基础知识。它将帮助您理解基本语法，同时介绍日常生活中的实用短语和关键词汇。我们将从问候和感谢等基本表达开始。开始吧

Hello!

你好！

Hello and welcome to the course.

My name is...

我叫……

My name is Paul.

Thank you!

谢谢！

Thank you for your help!

please

请

Could you please help me with my homework?

How are you?

你好吗？

How are you today?

I am fine.

我很好。

How are you? - I am fine!

Excuse me?

不好意思，请问？

Excuse me, are you John?

I don't understand.

我不明白。

sorry

对不起

I'm sorry.

a name

一个名字

What is your name?

What's your name?

你叫什么名字？

good

好

The weather is good.

bad

坏

The weather is bad.

Goodbye!

再见！

Goodbye! I hope to see you soon.

*你从哪里来？* 知道如何说自己来自哪里非常重要。您可以用两种方式回答： "I am from..." "I come from..." "Where are you from?" "I am from Spain." 或"I come from Spain."

Where are you from?

你是哪里人？

Where are you from? - I am from Germany.

I am from ...

我来自……

Where are you from? - I am from France.

I come from...

我来自……

I come from Canada.

Coffee, please.

请给我一杯咖啡。

Can I get a coffee, please?

Yes, please!

好的，太感谢了！

Would you like some water? - Yes, please!

the friends

朋友们

I like my friends.

Yes or no?

是还是不是？

Do you want to go to the park? Yes or no?

to like

喜欢

I like ice cream.

also

也

Juan is also from Chile.

small

小

Ukraine is not small.

big

大的

Canada is big.

a country

一个国家

I like my country.

I am from a small country.

我来自一个小国家。

Peter is from a big country.

*动词 TO BE* 请看动词"TO BE" 的前三个人称形式：是这样的 "I am" "you are" "he/she/it is" 注意"I" *总是大写的。*

You are beautiful.

你很漂亮。

Everyone thinks you are beautiful.

He is a man.

他是个男人。

He is a tall man.

She is a woman.

她是一个女人。

She is a beautiful woman.

to live in

居住在

We live in a big house.

You live in a house.

你住在一栋房子里。

I live in a house with my family.

Are you Paul?

你是保罗吗？

Excuse me, are you Paul?

I am not Paul. I am John.

我不是保罗。我是约翰。

my friend

我的朋友

You are my best friend.

He is my friend.

他是我的朋友。

He is my best friend.

I am fine, thank you.

我很好，谢谢。

I'm good, thanks.

*请给我一杯咖啡* 您在旅途中遇到过舒适的咖啡馆吗？让我们一起来学习如何点咖啡或买单吧。

coffee with milk

加奶咖啡

Can I have a coffee with milk, please?

a café

一家咖啡馆

A woman in the café asked for a coffee.

Can I see the menu, please?

请问我可以看一下菜单吗？

How much is it?

这个多少钱？

How much is the coffee, please?

One cappuccino, please.

请给我一杯卡布奇诺。

Can I have one cappuccino, please?

tea

茶

I would like a cup of tea, please.

a cup of tea with sugar

一杯加糖的茶

Can I have a tea with sugar, please?

a coffee to go

外带咖啡

I'll have a coffee to go, please.

Can I have a coffee to go?

我可以带走一杯咖啡吗？

a cake

一个蛋糕

Can I have a slice of cake?

Can I also get a slice of cake, please?

我也能要一块蛋糕吗？谢谢。

It was delicious!

太美味了！

The cake was delicious!

Can I have the bill, please?

请买单。

a bank card

银行卡

Can I pay by card, please?

cash

现金

They only accept cash.

Can I pay by card?

我可以刷卡吗？

Sorry, we only accept cash.

抱歉，我们只收现金。

*不定冠词和定冠词* "a dog" - 谈论不具体事物时，我们使用不定冠词。第一次谈论某件事情时，我们也使用不定冠词。例如"There is a dog." 不定冠词只用于单数词，*复数词没有不定冠词*。 "the car" - 讨论之前已经提到过的事物或人物，或者从上下文中可以清楚地看出我们在谈论什么或谁时，我们使用定冠词。例如 "The car is big." "The dog that attacked me ran away."

a dog

一只狗

I want to have a dog.

a man

一个男人

There is a man.

a woman

一名女子

A woman in the café ordered a cappuccino.

and

和

A mother and a child.

a man and a dog

一个男人和一只狗

I can see a man and a dog.

a child

一个孩子

The woman has a child.

to play

玩耍

The children play football outside.

The child plays.

孩子在玩耍。

The child plays with the car.

a garden

花园

We have a big garden.

They play in the garden.

他们在花园里玩耍。

Every afternoon, the children play in the garden.

*何时用 AN 代替 A？* 如果单词以辅音开头，我们使用"a" 这一形式。如果单词以元音开头，我们使用"an" 这一形式。 "a pen" "an apple"

an apple

一个苹果

There is an apple.

to eat

吃

The man is eating an apple.

He eats an apple.

他在吃苹果。

He eats an apple every day.

an hour

一小时

I had to wait for more than an hour.

It's a boy

他是一个男孩

a teacher

一名教师

I like my teacher.

She is a teacher.

她是一位老师。

*一般现在时* 用法：表示习惯性、重复的动作、真理性、情感和愿望。在英语中，除了第三人称单数一外，所有的人称都有相同的形式。在大多数情况下，第三人称单数要加上后缀*-s*： "I live in Prague." "My sister lives in London."

I drink

我在喝

I drink coffee every day.

He eats healthy.

他饮食健康。

He eats healthy to stay fit and strong.

You eat pizza.

你在吃比萨。

I eat cake.

she sleeps

她在睡觉

She sleeps 8 hours a day.

we go

我们走吧

We go to the cinema once a month.

She goes alone.

她独自一人去。

She goes alone to the store.

I read

我在读

I read a book every night before bed.

He reads a book.

他在看书。

They read a lot.

他们读很多书。

They read a lot of books.

*结局有时会改变* 如果动词以*-y*结尾，而-*y*又在辅音之后，对于第三人称单数，我们去掉*-y*，加上*-ies*： "I study English." "He studies English." 如果动词以*-sh*、*-ch*、-*x*、-*o*、-*ss*、-*zz* 结尾，我们在第三人称单数中加后缀-*es*： "I wash my hands." "He washes his hands."

She studies a lot.

她学习很刻苦。

She studies a lot to get good grades.

He studies English.

他在学习英语。

to watch

观看

We watch the movie in the class.

a movie

一部电影

The action scenes were not bad in the movie.

He watches movies.

他在看电影。

She watches the dog.

她在看管那只狗。

She watches the dog every Friday.

to wash

洗

I always wash my hands.

She washes the car.

她在洗车。

She washes the car every Saturday.

He washes his hands.

他在洗手。

The boy washes the apple.

那个男孩在洗苹果。

*问路* 如果您在旅行中迷路或对某些事情不确定，请不要犹豫，向当地人询问。这是练习语言的好方法。这里有一些短语可以帮助您轻松应对。

Where is the bus station?

公交车站在哪里？

Do you know where the nearest bus station is?

bus station

公交总站

The bus station is located near the park.

an airport

机场

How much is a ticket to the airport?

Which bus goes to the airport?

哪班公交车去机场？

Excuse me, which bus goes to the airport?

a train

一列火车

The train arrives at 3 PM.

How do I get to the train station?

请问火车站怎么走？

I’m lost. How do I get to the train station?

I got lost.

我迷路了。

I got lost. Can you help me?

Can you help me?

你能帮我吗？

a shuttle bus

接驳车

Is there a shuttle bus to the airport?

Where is the public bathroom?

公共厕所在哪里？

right

右边

Please turn right at the next corner.

left

左边

Turn left at the corner.

straight

直接

Go straight, then turn left.

Go straight and then turn left.

直走，然后向左转。

a street

街道

She walked down the street.

the end of the street

街道的尽头

We need to walk to the end of the street to find the bus stop.

Turn right at the end of the street.

在街道尽头右转。

Where can I find a taxi?

我在哪里可以打到出租车？

Excuse me, where can I find a taxi?

to show

展示

I will show you my favorite café.

Can you show me on the map?

你能在地图上指给我看吗？

Can you show me on the map where the nearest restaurant is?

How long does it take to get there?

到那里需要多长时间？

Can you tell me how long it takes to get to the airport?

*一般现在时的时间表达* 使用这些词语来说明您做某件事情的时间或频率。 "often" "usually" "sometimes" "always" "never" "every day/week/year/"

usually

通常

He usually arrives home at about one o'clock.

every day

每天

I study every day.

I go to school every day.

我每天都去上学。

I go to school every day by bus.

on Saturday

在周六

What do you usually do on Saturday?

always

总是

The sun always rises in the east.

a year

一年

He is four years old.

to travel abroad

出国旅游

We travel abroad every year.

often

经常

We often go to the cinema.

a month

一个月

July is my favourite month.

He never says hi.

他从不打招呼。

I always say hi to him, but he never says hi back.

to smoke

吸烟

My grandparents smoke every day.

She never smokes.

她从不抽烟。

My sister is very health-conscious. She never smokes.

I practice English every day.

我每天都练习英语。

I practice English every day by reading books, watching movies, and speaking with native speakers.

*动词TO HAVE * 由于这个动词是不规则的，所以在一般现在时有两种写法："have" 或"has" ，而决定使用那一种取决于句子的主语。 "I have" "you have" "he/she/it has" "we have" "you have" "they have"

We have two dogs.

我们有两只狗。

We have two dogs, a golden retriever and a poodle.

I have a child.

我有一个孩子。

You have a child.

You have a car.

你有一辆车。

You have a big car.

He has it.

他有。

She has a book.

The teacher has a book.

老师有一本书。

I have a book.

an aunt

阿姨

My aunt has a small garden.

My aunt has three children.

我姑姑有三个孩子。

My aunt has three children and they all have different personalities.

an uncle

叔叔

My uncle has a small house.

My uncle has a small restaurant.

我叔叔开了一家小餐馆。

beautiful eyes

美丽的眼睛

You have beautiful blue eyes.

She has beautiful eyes.

她的眼睛很漂亮。

He has beautiful eyes.

*三个主要助动词* "Do","be" 和"have" 是英语中三个主要的*助动词*。你已经知道动词"to have" 和"to be" 的单数。对于*复数人称代词*，你只需要记住动词"to be" 的一种形式，即"are" 。很简单，对不对？ "I am" "you are" "he is" /"she is"/"it is" "we are" "you are" "they are"

You are my best friend.

你是我最好的朋友。

I don't know what I would do without you. You are my best friend.

I am happy.

我很开心。

I am happy for you.

a colour

一种颜色

What is your favorite colour?

Red is a beautiful colour.

红色是一种美丽的颜色。

a student

一名学生

He is a very good student.

very good

非常好

He is a very good boy.

My sister is a very good student.

我姐姐是个非常优秀的学生。

He is a good boy.

他是个好孩子。

They are my friends.

他们是我的朋友。

They are my friends from school.

We are here.

我们到了。

We are here to see my uncle.

We are from Austria.

我们来自奥地利。

We are from Austria. Where are you from?

*动词 TO DO* 动词"to do" 既可以作助动词，也可以作动词！下面是动词"to do" 的用法： "I do" "you do" "he/she/it does" "we do" "you do" "they do"

I do it.

我在做。

It's good to exercise—I do it every day to stay healthy.

You do it.

你来做。

You do it very well.

she does

她在做

She does her homework every day.

a homework

一份家庭作业

I do my homework everyday.

We do the homework.

我们在做作业。

We do the homework after school.

a lot

很多

I cook a lot.

yoga

瑜伽

She does yoga to relax.

They do a lot of yoga.

他们经常练瑜伽。

*结识新朋友* 在本节中，我们将探讨如何自我介绍和提问，以更多地了解他人。

What is your name?

你叫什么名字？

Hi! What is your name?

My name is Peter.

我叫彼得。

Nice to meet you!

很高兴认识你！

My name is Mary. And yours?

我叫玛丽。你呢？

How old are you?

你多大了？

I am 29 years old.

我今年29岁。

I am 29 years old. And you?

Where do you come from?

你来自哪里？

I come from Egypt. Where do you come from?

Where do you live?

你住在哪里？

When I met my new friend, I asked, "Where do you live?"

What are your hobbies?

你的爱好是什么？

I like reading.

我喜欢读书。

like reading in the evenings.

I love sports.

我热爱运动。

I love sports, especially basketball.

I like traveling.

我喜欢旅行。

I like traveling to new places every summer.

What is your job?

你的工作是什么？

I’m a dentist. What do you do for a living?

What do you do for living?

你是做什么工作的？

I'm curious, what do you do for a living?

I am an engineer.

我是一名工程师。

I am a mechanical engineer.

I work as a teacher.

我是一名老师。

I work as a teacher in a primary school.

*问题* 我们可以使用"do" 来构成*疑问句*。当主语是*he、she*或*it* 时，我们在句首加上*DOES*，使肯定句成为疑问句。注意，肯定句*中动词末尾的字母 S（因为是第三人称）在疑问句中消失了。* 下面是一些例子： "Do you work here?" "Do you like chocolate?" "Does she speak Spanish?" "Does it work?" 这些问题可以用 "*是 "或 "否*"来回答。在使用 "是"*/*"否 "的问题中，可以对直接问题作如下简短回答： "Do you speak English?" -"Yes, I do."

Does it work?

这个有用吗？

Does it work for you?

to rain

下雨

It rains often here.

Does it rain?

在下雨吗？

Does it rain often here?

an ice cream

一个冰淇淋

Chocolate ice cream is the best!

Do you like ice cream?

你喜欢吃冰淇淋吗？

Do you speak English?

你会说英语吗？

Do you speak English? - Yes, I do.

Does she have a cat?

她有猫吗？

Does she have a cat? - Yes, she does.

siblings

兄弟姐妹

I have two siblings.

Do you have siblings?

你有兄弟姐妹吗？

Do you have siblings? - No, I don't.

Do you play soccer?

你踢足球吗？

Do you play soccer? - Yes, I do.

*TO BE 的问题* 大多数问题都是通过*改变*句子中的*词序*形成的。基本句式：主语 + am/is/are"She is from Spain." 问题：am/is/are + 主语"Is she from Spain?"

Are you all right?

你还好吗？

Are you all right? - Yes, I am.

Is it your dog?

这是你的狗吗？

Am I right?

我说得对吗？

I think the meeting is at 3 PM. Am I right?

Is he from England?

他是英国人吗？

Is he from England or France?

Is she a teacher?

她是老师吗？

Are they siblings?

他们是亲兄弟姐妹吗？

Are they siblings or not?

at home

在家

We stay at home.

Are they at home?

他们在家里吗？

true

真实的

a true story

Is it true?

这是真的吗？

Is it true? - Yes, it is.

*WH 问题* 这类问题不能使用 "是 "或 "否"回答。问题的构成规则与上述规则相同，只是在开头会多出一个问题单词 ("what","why","where","when","whom","whose","how") "Where is he?" -"He is here." "What do they like?" -"They like pizza"

Where are you?

你在哪里？

Where are you right now?

Who is it?

是谁？

When the phone rang, I asked, "Who is it?

It's my mother.

这是我的母亲。

Who is it? - It's my mother.

to work

工作

Where does your sister work?

Why are you here?

你为什么在这里？

Why are you here now?

What time is it?

现在几点了？

What time is it, please? Are we late?

When does the movie start?

电影什么时候开始？

When does the movie start? - It starts in two hours.

How far is the cinema?

电影院有多远？

How far is the cinema from here?

*HOW 问题* "How" 可与其他单词搭配使用，构成不同类型的问题，例如 "how far","how long","how many" 。除此以外，how 还可以*与形容词连*搭配，构成疑问句，例如：： "How difficult is it?" "How old is he?"

How much?

多少钱？

How much does the car cost?

the ticket

门票

The ticket is too expensive.

How much is the ticket?

票价是多少？

How much is it?

old

老的

The old man is very kind.

young

年轻

He is very young.

How old is your sister?

你姐姐（或妹妹）多大了？

How old is she? - She is very young.

How far is the park?

公园有多远？

How far is the park from here?

How many apples do you want?

你想要几个苹果？

How long is the movie?

这部电影多长时间？

How often?

多久一次？

How often do you cook?

How often do you travel?

你多久旅行一次？

How often do you travel during the summer?

*否定* 我们在动词后面加上"not" 就可以构成否定句。如果句子中有两个动词，我们总是把"not" 放在第一个动词的后面。就像这些例句一样： "We do not work here." "She does not speak English." "They are not here." "I am not your friend." *提示：don't 是 do not 的简写*，就像*aren'*t 是*are not*的简写和*isn'*t 是*is not* 的简写。

I do not drive.

我不开车。

I do not drive the bus.

He doesn't work.

他不工作。

angry

愤怒的

He is angry.

We aren't angry.

我们没生气。

not bad

还不错

The movie is not bad.

The food is not bad.

食物味道还不错。

The food is not bad at the restaurant.

I don't like pizza.

我不喜欢吃披萨。

We don't like ice cream.

我们不喜欢吃冰淇淋。

at school

在学校

She isn't at school.

她不在学校。

Where is she? She isn't at school.

They aren't at home.

他们不在家。

I don't play the piano.

我不弹钢琴。

to speak

说话

Do you speak English?

We do not speak English.

我们不会说英语。

We don't speak English.

*描述一个人* 让我们学习如何使用您已经掌握的动词"to have" 和"to be" 以及一些实用的形容词来描述一个人。

He has long hair.

他留着长发。

He has long beautiful hair.

She is very tall.

她很高。

His sister is very tall.

He's younger than she is.

他比她年轻。

Her brother is younger than she is.

She is older than he is.

她比他大。

She has short hair.

她留着短发。

Many people think she looks great with her short hair.

Is your brother short or tall?

你哥哥的身材是矮还是高？

He has brown eyes.

他有一双棕色的眼睛。

She has blue eyes.

她有一双蓝色的眼睛。

She is tall and has blue eyes.

They are young.

他们很年轻。

They are young and full of energy.

He is old.

他老了。

My grandfather is old.

I have curly hair.

我有一头卷发。

I have short curly hair.

She has straight hair.

她留着直发。

She has straight hair, and she loves to wear it down.

*复数* 复数的构成大多只需在名词后加上词尾*-S*。例如 "a girl" -"girls" "a song" -"songs" 如果单词以 -s、-sh、-ch、-x 或 -z 结尾，我们就加上*-ES* "a bus" -"buses" 如果单词以辅音后的*Y*结尾，我们将*Y*改为*I*并加上*-ES* "a strawberry" -"strawberries" 还有一些不规则的复数，例如 "a child" -"children" "a woman" -"women" "a man" -"men"

brothers

兄弟

I have two brothers.

children

孩子们

There are a lot of children in the park.

Do you have children?

你有孩子吗？

still

仍然

She still works there.

because

因为

She is happy because she got a new puppy.

a strawberry

一颗草莓

How much are the strawberries?

I like strawberries.

我喜欢草莓。

I like strawberries because they are sweet.

men

男人

These two men have curly hair.

horses

马

Our neighbours have three horses.

these men

这些人

Do you know these men?

These two men are best friends.

这两个男人是最好的朋友。

These women are beautiful.

这些女人很漂亮。

"There is" / "There are" 这些短语表示某物在某处：肯定句： "There is a dog." "There are two boys." 问题: "Is there a house?" 回答: "Yes, there is./No there is not." 问题: "Are there trees in the garden?" 回答："Yes, there are./ No, there are not." 否： "There is not a problem." "There are no trees in the garden."

a bird

一只鸟

There is a black bird.

a roof

屋顶

This house has no roof.

There's a bird on the roof.

屋顶上有一只鸟。

a supermarket

一家超市

I need to go to the supermarket to buy some eggs.

Is there a supermarket around here?

这附近有超市吗？

an egg

一个鸡蛋

I like eggs.

a fridge

一台冰箱

The food is in the fridge.

There are six eggs in the fridge.

冰箱里有六个鸡蛋。

There's a dog on the street.

街道上有一只狗。

a monkey

一只猴子

There are many monkeys in the jungle.

Are there monkeys in the jungle?

丛林里有猴子吗？

a room

一个房间

My room is big.

free

免费

Refreshments will be available for free.

available

可用

The book is available at the library.

"SOME" / "ANY" "SOME" 我们在肯定句中对可数复数名词（不知道确切数量）和不可数名词使用。 "I have some flowers" "There is some milk in the fridge "ANY" 我们在否定句和疑问句中使用。 "I do not have any flowers." "Is there any milk?"

I have some news.

我有一些消息。

Any ideas?

有什么主意吗？

I'm not sure what to do next. Any ideas?

I have some ideas.

我有一些想法。

He does not have any friends.

他一个朋友也没有。

He hasn't got any friends.

to stay

留下

Do you stay at home?

Some students stay at home.

有些学生留在家里。

to want

想要

I want an apple.

I want some apple juice.

我想喝点苹果汁。

There are some apples in the kitchen.

厨房里有一些苹果。

Is there any milk left?

还有牛奶吗？

Is there any milk left in the fridge?

free time

业余时间

What do you do in your free time?

I do not have any free time.

我一点空闲时间都没有。

*指示代词* "THIS/THESE" - 用于指示靠近说话者的事物或人。 "this book" - 单数 "these books" - 复数 "THAT/THOSE" - 用于指示靠远说话者的事物或人。 "that book" - 单数 "those books" - 复数

this bag

这个包

What's in this bag?

That man is my friend.

那个男人是我的朋友。

a puppy

小狗

I want a puppy.

to look

看一看

Look at me.

Look at these puppies!

快看这些小狗！

Look at these kittens! They're playing with a ball of yarn.

people

人们

Those people are funny.

over there

在那儿

I left my keys over there on the table.

Is the supermarket over there?

超市在那边吗？

those people

那些人

Those people over there are our friends.

those books

那些书

Are those books new?

to put

放置

Put it on the table.

these strawberries

这些草莓

Put these strawberries in the bag.

*天气预报* 天气是一个经常讨论的话题，因为它几乎每天都在变化。让我们来看看一些有用的短语，以便您能谈论外面发生的事情！ 😉

What’s the weather like today?

今天天气怎么样？

I forgot my umbrella! What’s the weather like today?

It's raining.

下雨了。

It's raining, so we should take an umbrella.

an umbrella

一把雨伞

I need an umbrella because it's raining.

The weather is nice.

天气很好。

Today, the weather is nice, so let's go to the park.

It's sunny.

天气晴朗。

I love it when it's sunny outside.

It’s hot outside.

外面很热。

Don’t forget to bring water; it’s hot outside.

The weather is bad today.

今天天气不好。

It’s cold.

天冷了。

It’s cold outside, so don’t forget your jacket.

It’s snowing.

下雪了。

Look outside! It’s snowing!

It’s cloudy.

天阴了。

When it’s cloudy, I like to stay inside and read a book.

It's windy.

刮风了。

It's windy today, so I will wear a jacket.

It looks like it's going to rain.

看起来要下雨了。

*物主代词* *形容词性物主代词*--站在与之相连的词之前，不能单独出现。 "my","your","his","her","its","our","your" 、"their" "This is my car." *名词性物主代词*--可以单独出现在句子中或名词后面 "mine","yours","his","hers","its","ours","yours" 、"theirs" "This car is mine."

her voice

她的声音

Her voice sounds amazing.

our son

我们的儿子

Our son likes to play football.

their daughter

他们的女儿

Their daughter plays the guitar.

Our son and their daughter are friends.

我们的儿子和他们的女儿是朋友。

What's your address?

您的地址是什么？

his fault

是他的错

This is his fault.

It's not my fault.

这不是我的错。

That house is ours.

那栋房子是我们的。

That house is ours. We bought it last year.

This drink is mine.

这杯饮料是我的。

Is this car yours?

这辆车是你的吗？

The child is theirs.

孩子是他们的。

*表示拥有：* 当事物为人所有时，我们会加上*"s"*，但它也可以用于动物、组织，甚至一些时间表达。 "This is my sister's dog." "What are the government’s plans?" "Today’s news." 在复数中，我们只加撇号（*'* ），不加*s*： "Our sisters' dresses are long."