Verb particlesKorean words
-이에요; 예요
am; is; are (the noun)
-아요; 어요
present tense
-았어요; 었어요; 했어요
past tense
-(으)ᄅ 거에요
future tense (probable/more casual)
-이었어요; 였어요
was; were (the noun)
-겠어요
future tense (more certain/formal)
-고 있을 거예요
future progressive
-고 있어요
present progressive
-고 있었어요
past progressive
-었었어요
past perfect
-었을 거예요
future perfect
못 -어요; -(지) 못해요
can't (because of extenuating circumstances)
못 -었어요; -(지) 못했어요
couldn't (because of extenuating circumstances)
못 -(을)ㄹ 거예요; -(지) 못을 거예요
won't be able to (because of extenuating circumstances)
-지 않아요
don't
-지 않았어요
didn't
-지 않을 거예요
won't
-ㄹ 수 있어요
can verb (is possible to verb)
-ㄹ 수 없어요
can't verb (is impossible to verb)
-(으)세요
Imperritive request (politely, with "please")
-십시오
Imperritive request (very formal)
adj-어지요
Subject becomes adjective
-(으)ㄹ까요?
should/shall (always a question)
-(을)ㄹ게요
going to do the verb (assuming it's ok with listener)
합시다
Let's do it (formal)
하자!
Let's do it (casual)
-게 됐어요
happened to verb
-어야
need to verb (casual)
-어야 해요
need to verb (polite)
-어야 돼요
must do verb
-어도 돼요
giving or asking for permission to verb
-(으)면 돼요
You just have to verb
-어도 되요.
There is no problem doing verb; it's ok to verb (because of the situation)
-(으)려고 해요
Intend to verb; plan on verbing
-어 봐요
try to verb
-(으)기로 했어요
decided to verb
-는것 ...
gerund - present tense (most common way)
-은것 ...
gerund - past tense (most common way)
-을것 ...
gerund - future tense (most common way)
-라고 해요
retelling an imperrative message; tell someone to give a command
-라고 말했어요
subject told direct object to verb
-어 주어요
to verb for someone
-고 십어요
Want to verb
죠?; 지요?
Isn't it? (for confirmation)
잖아요
As you know...
-기 (전에)
Gerund, usually when doing the verb before
-(으)ㅁ
Gerund, usually with abstract ideas
-지만
I do v, but...
-어서
And, so (expressing what happened in the next sequence of events)
-기 때문에
-because, so... (the second event happens because of the first)
-니까
-because, so do... (rude, usually giving excuse), (expressing why your giving the imperative)
-러
in order to do .., For doing … (Used with verbs come/go)
-려고
To do… in order to do... (Can be used with any verb)
-ㄹ 때
when verb happens...
-었으면 좋겠어요
Hope; wish; desire
-면서
While doing... (two actions occurring simultaneously)