Genetics in 60 seconds: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
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Fluorescent in situ hybridization also known as FISH is a molecular technique that is used
to detect and localize specific nucleotide sequences, typically on chromosomes.
The first step is denaturation, when DNA is heated to high temperatures, which causes
the two strands to separate.
Fluorescent probes complementary to the nucleotide sequence we are interested in then bind (hybridize)
to the two DNA strands.
The probes then emit fluorescent light, which can be observed using fluorescence microscopy.
If the nucleotide sequence is not present, the fluorescent probes cannot hybridize and
as a result, there is no fluorescent light emitted.