የአይኤልቲኤስ (IELTS) የዝግጅት ኮርስየእንግሊዝኛ ቃላት
by DuoCards
*ወደ IELTS ማስተር ኮርስ እንኳን በደህና መጡ!*
ለከፍተኛ ውጤቶች *ቁልፍ ቃላትን፣ ሰዋሰው ጊዜን፣ ጠቃሚ ምክሮችን እና ዘዴዎችን* እንሸፍናለን። ትምህርቱ የሚጀምረው *በመናገር እና በመጻፍ* ነው, *በተለመዱ ስህተቶች* ላይ ያተኩራል, በመቀጠልም *ጊዜዎችን* እና *አዲስ ቃላትን ይገመግማል.* ሰዋሰው በቀላሉ ይጀምር እና የበለጠ የላቀ ይሆናል።
*በንግግር ክፍል እንጀምር 💭*
እንደ ውይይት አድርገው ያስቡ - ዘና ያለ እና ተፈጥሯዊ ለመሆን ይሞክሩ.
ብዙውን ጊዜ ፈታኞች እንደሚናገሩት በቃል ከተያዙ መልሶች መቆጠብ ጥሩ ነው።
በየቀኑ ትንሽ ለመናገር ይሞክሩ፣ ምንም እንኳን ከራስዎ ወይም ከ AI ጋር ብቻ ቢሆንም - በእርግጥ ለውጥ ያመጣል!
ይበልጥ አቀላጥፎ ለመናገር ሊጠቀሙባቸው የሚችሏቸው አንዳንድ ምቹ ሀረጎችን ሰብስበናል። እነሱን ከመጠን በላይ ላለመጠቀም ብቻ ይጠንቀቁ - ሚዛን ቁልፍ ነው.
*መልካም እድል!*
Let's roll!
እንጀምር!
When the movie was about to start, the director shouted, "Let's roll!

to kick things off
ለመጀመር ያህል
To kick things off, I would like to introduce our guest speaker.
on the flip side
በሌላ በኩል
I know that the weather is great for a picnic today, but on the flip side, it might be too hot for some people.

it goes without saying
የማያጠራጥር ነው
It goes without saying that you should always wear a seatbelt while driving.
to sum up
ለማጠቃለል
To summarize, the report highlights the key findings of our research and provides recommendations for future action.
to put it differently
በሌላ አነጋገር
To put it differently, exercise is not just about physical health but also about mental well-being.
in a nutshell
ባጭሩ
To put it in a nutshell, we need to work harder to achieve our goals.
to draw a parallel
ተመሳሳይነትን ማሳየት
To draw a parallel, just as exercise strengthens the body, reading regularly strengthens the mind.
to play a crucial role in
ቁልፍ ሚና መጫወት
Dedicated teachers play a crucial role in shaping the future of their students.
to put it simply
በቀላል አገላለጽ
To put it simply, the project was a failure.

to delve deeper into this
ወደዚህ ጉዳይ በጥልቀት ለመግባት
To delve deeper into this, one must consider the long-term impacts of climate change on coastal communities.
ተግባር 1 የበለጠ *መግቢያ* ነው። ተግባር 2 ላይ *ሃሳብዎን* እና ምናልባትም *ስሜትዎን* መግለጽ ያስፈልግዎታል.
ምን ዓይነት ሀረጎችን መጠቀም እንደምትችል እንይ፡-
in my opinion
በእኔ እይታ
In my opinion, this movie is really good.
on one hand, on the other hand
በአንድ በኩል፣ በሌላ በኩል
On one hand, online education offers flexibility and accessibility. On the other hand, it can lack the personal interaction that traditional classrooms provide.
I firmly believe that
በጽኑ አምናለሁ
I firmly believe that investing in healthcare infrastructure is vital for the well-being of a nation.
as far as I'm concerned
እኔን እስከሚመለከተኝ ድረስ
As far as I'm concerned, the best way to learn English is to practice speaking it every day.
for instance
ለምሳሌ
I like to do outdoor activities, for instance, hiking and camping.
an emerging trend is
አዲስ እየታየ ያለ አዝማሚያ
An emerging trend is the shift towards remote work, which has been accelerated by recent global events.
it's worth noting that
ልብ ሊባል የሚገባው ጉዳይ
It's worth noting that bilingual individuals often have cognitive advantages over monolinguals.
striking a balance between
በመካከል ሚዛንን መጠበቅ
Striking a balance between work and leisure is essential for maintaining mental health and overall happiness.
አሁን፣ በንግግር ፈተና ክፍል 3፣ *ስለ ረቂቅ ሀሳቦች ማውራት* መቻል አለቦት። ለዚህም ፈታኞችዎን ለማስደመም *ምሳሌያዊ ቋንቋ እና ፈሊጥ* መጠቀም ይችላሉ። ነገር ግን በትክክል የሚያውቋቸውን ብቻ ይጠቀሙ, ከተሳሳቱ የበለጠ የተቀነሱ ነጥቦችን ያስከትላል.
down in the dumps
በጣም አዝኖ
I've been feeling down in the dumps since I lost my job.
over the moon
በደስታ መፍነቅ
I was over the moon when I found out I got the job.
lose track of time
ጊዜ መርሳት
I was so absorbed in my book that I lost track of time and missed my appointment.
look on the bright side
በመልካም ጎኑ እየው
I know you didn't get the job you wanted, but look on the bright side - you have a lot of experience now and can apply for other positions.
not my cup of tea
የእኔ ምርጫ አይደለም
I don't really like horror movies, they're not my cup of tea.
*ምርጥ ስራ!* በጣም የተለመዱ የንግግር ሀረጎችን ተምረሃል።
በዛ ላይ ለመገንባት፣ በሁሉም የንግግር ተግባራት ውስጥ የእርስዎን *ወጥነት እና የመግባቢያ ችሎታ* ለማሳደግ ብቻ ሁለት ተጨማሪ እሰጥዎታለሁ።
*ሁለተኛ ተፈጥሮዎ እስኪሆን ድረስ ሆን ብለው መለማመዳቸውን ያረጋግጡ* ።

I couldn't agree more
ከዚህ በላይ ልስማማ አልችልም
I couldn't agree more. We need to work together to find a solution.
to wrap things up
ለማጠቃለል
I'd like to thank everyone for coming today. To wrap things up, I just want to remind you of our next meeting date.
building on that
በዚያ ላይ በመመስረት
Building on that, we can see how technological advancements not only improve our daily lives but also open up new opportunities for innovation and growth in various industries.
to be well-off
ሀብታም መሆን
My neighbor is well-off. He drives a luxury car and has a big house.
to be fed up
መሰልቸት
I'm fed up with this job. I need to find something new.
a hot potato
አወዛጋቢ ጉዳይ
The issue of gun control is a hot potato in the United States.
in my personal experience
እንደ እኔ የግል ተሞክሮ
In my personal experience, studying abroad has greatly enhanced my understanding of different cultures and improved my language skills.
in light of these considerations
እነዚህን ነጥቦች ከግምት ውስጥ በማስገባት
In light of these considerations, it is clear that stricter environmental regulations are necessary to combat climate change effectively.

to twist someone's arm
አንድን ሰው ማስገደድ
She didn't want to go to the party, but her friends twisted her arm.
without a shadow of doubt
ያለ ምንም ጥርጥር
Without a shadow of a doubt, investing in education is one of the best ways to ensure a prosperous future for our society.
አንድ ተጨማሪ ነገር, በንግግር ጊዜ *አጥርን* መጠቀም በጣም አስፈላጊ ነው.
በንግግርዎ ውስጥ *እርግጠኛ አለመሆንን* ለመግለጽ የአጥር መግለጫዎችን መጠቀም ይችላሉ።
"It could be..."
"This might be..."
ሚስጥራዊነት ያላቸው ርዕሶችን በተመለከተ ከጠንካራ የይገባኛል ጥያቄዎች እና መግለጫዎች ይጠንቀቁ። ንግግርዎን ለስላሳ እና የበለጠ ስሜታዊ ለማድረግ አጥርን ይጠቀሙ።
It might well be that...
ሊሆን ይችላል...
It might well be that the rise in remote work will lead to significant changes in how cities are designed in the future..
I am not sure but...
እርግጠኛ አይደለሁም ግን...
I am not sure but it seems that learning multiple languages can enhance cognitive abilities and cultural understanding.
As it seems that...
እንደሚመስለው...
As it seems that climate change is accelerating, urgent action from all nations is required to mitigate its effects.
It might look...
ሊመስል ይችላል...
It might look like a simple solution, but implementing renewable energy on a large scale involves complex planning and significant investment.
አሁን *በጣም የተለመዱ ስህተቶችን በጽሑፍ* መፍታት አለብን.
በጽሁፉ ውስጥ እርስዎ መግለጽ ያለብዎትን *የአሞሌ ግራፎች* (ግራፎች፣ ስዕላዊ መግለጫዎች እና ገበታዎች) ሊያጋጥሙዎት ይችላሉ። ብዙ ሰዎች እንዴት እና ሳያስፈልግ ነጥቦችን እንደሚያጡ አያውቁም። *ያ እርስዎ አይሆኑም!*
የአጻጻፍ ተግባሮችዎን ለማለፍ የሚረዱዎት አንዳንድ የቃላት ዝርዝር እዚህ አሉ።
pie chart
የፓይ ቻርት
A pie chart can be used to show the percentage of students in a class who prefer different types of music.
line graph
የመስመር ግራፍ
The line graph depicts the changes in unemployment rates over the last decade.
bar graph
የአምድ ግራፍ
The bar graph shows the population of five countries in 2020.
bar chart
የአምድ ግራፍ
A bar chart comparing the sales of different products in a store.
to compare
ማወዳደር
The data compare the performance of students in mathematics and science.
to imply
በተዘዋዋሪ መግለጽ
The results of the study imply that exercise can reduce stress.
to indicate
ማመልከት
The data indicated a decrease in sales.
similar
ተመሳሳይ
The two graphs are very similar.
to illustrate
ለማብራራት
The graph illustrates the relationship between education level and income.
to depict
መግለጽ
The chart depicts the annual rainfall in different regions.

from the graph it is clear
ከግራፉ በግልጽ እንደሚታየው
From the graph, it is clear that the majority of respondents prefer digital over print media.
አንድ ጠቃሚ ምክር፡ ይህን መጻፍ ከፈለጉ *፡ %* በቃላት።
ትክክለኛው መንገድ *በመቶኛ* ነው
per cent
በመቶ
10 per cent increase
በጽሁፍዎ ውስጥ በተቻለ መጠን *አንድ ላይ* ለመሆን ይሞክሩ. ለእያንዳንዱ አዲስ ሀሳብ አዲስ አንቀጽ ይጀምሩ።
ሁልጊዜ የእርስዎን ሆሄያት እና ሰዋሰው ያረጋግጡ። እባክዎን *ጥያቄውን ሙሉ በሙሉ ይመልሱ* ። ለመጻፍ ስለምትፈልጉት ነገር አይጻፉ ወይም ጥያቄውን በከፊል ብቻ ይመልሱ።
ከእርስዎ ስለሚፈለግ ነገር ይጻፉ።
ብዙ ሰዎች በትክክል እንዴት እንደሚጠቀሙበት ስለማያውቁ *በሥርዓተ-ነጥብ ላይ ጥቂት ምክሮችን* እሰጥዎታለሁ።
የእንግሊዘኛ *ሥርዓተ-ነጥብ* የተለየ ነው እና አንዳንድ ጊዜ *ህይወትን ሊያድን ይችላል!*
"Time to eat children. vs Time to eat, children."
እዚህ ምን ማለቴ እንደሆነ ታያለህ?
ቀጥተኛ ንግግር ከማድረግ በፊት ኮማዎችን እንጠቀማለን።
"She said, 'hurry up'!"
ሆኖም ግን፣ እውነቱን ለመናገር፣ ወዘተ ካሉ ሀረጎች በኋላ ሁልጊዜ ነጠላ ሰረዞችን መጠቀም አለብን።
however
ይሁን እንጂ
She is very talented. However, she lacks confidence.
nevertheless
ቢሆንም
I know it's raining. Nevertheless, I'm going for a walk.
to be honest
እውነቱን ለመናገር
To be honest, I didn't like the movie.
firstly
በመጀመሪያ
Firstly, I would like to thank everyone for coming today.
first of all
በመጀመሪያ ደረጃ
First of all, let's discuss the main issues we need to address.
moreover
በተጨማሪም
The hotel has a great location. Moreover, the staff is very friendly.
furthermore
በተጨማሪም
I don't think we should go out tonight. Furthermore, it's supposed to rain.
conversely
በተቃራኒው
Some people believe that money brings happiness. Conversely, others believe that money can't buy happiness.
*ስለ ተጨማሪ ነገሮች እያወራን ኮማ መጠቀም እንችላለን ግን የለብንም* ።
"I like Eva, Marina, and Nicol."vs "I love cats, dogs and horses."
ሆኖም፣ አንዳንድ ጊዜ ኮማውን ካልጨመሩት *ትንሽ ግራ ሊያጋባ ይችላል* ፡-
"I love my parents, Bill Gates and Pamela Anderson."
እንደ አለመታደል ሆኖ፣ ቢል ጌትስ እና ፓሜላ አንደርሰን ወላጆቼ አይደሉም። ስለዚህ, በመካከላቸውም ኮማ መጠቀም የተሻለ ነው.
to adhere
መጣበቅ
The tape adheres well to the wall.
antiquity
ጥንታዊነት
In antiquity, people relied on natural remedies and herbs for healing before the advent of modern medicine.
conscious
በንቃት
She was conscious throughout the surgery.
faulty
ብልሽት ያለበት
The engineer inspected the machine and found several issues: a faulty valve, a broken circuit, and a worn-out gear.
የመጨረሻው ጥያቄ *፡ በቅጽሎች መካከል ኮማ መቼ መጠቀም እንደሚቻል?*
መጠቀም ከቻልን *እና* በእሱ ምትክ ኮማዎችን በቅጽሎች መካከል እንጠቀማለን፡-
"He is a nice and friendly man"-> "He is nice, friendly man."
ግን፣ *መጠቀም ካልቻልን እና በመካከላቸው፣ ከዚያ ምንም ኮማ የለም* ፡-
"I adore delicious French croissants."
እዚህ ጣፋጭ እና የፈረንሳይ ክሩሶችን መናገር ትርጉም አይሰጥም.
scrumptious
ጣፋጭ
She cooked a scrumptious meal for us.
to purchase something
አንድ ነገር መግዛት
I need to purchase some new clothes for the party.
previous
ቀዳሚ
The previous owner of the house left some furniture behind.
to attend
ለመገኘት
I will attend the school meeting tomorrow.
*በአጠቃላይ፣ ከፊት ግን/እና ኮማዎችን አይጠቀሙ።*
"I want to swim in the ocean but I am terrified of sharks."
ግን *ለአፍታ ማቆም ከፈለጉ* ኮማ ልንጠቀም እንችላለን። በዚህ ሁኔታ, በአዕምሮዎ ላይ በመመስረት ኮማ የት እንደሚቀመጥ ማወቅ ያስፈልግዎታል.
"My best friend loves snakes, but not all of my friends like them."
እንዲሁም *የአረፍተ ነገርን ርዕሰ ጉዳይ ስንቀይር* ነጠላ ሰረዝን እንጠቀማለን፡-
"My teacher is very strict sometimes, but that's what I like about her."
እንዲሁም, *በበታች አንቀጽ ከጀመሩ* , ኮማ መጠቀምም ያስፈልግዎታል, ነገር ግን ስለዚያ ሁኔታ በሁኔታዎች አስቀድመን ተናግረናል.
"If you have time, call me."
to elucidate
ማብራራት
Could you please elucidate your point? I'm not sure I understand.
to lament
ማልቀስ
He sat alone in his room, lamenting his decision to drop out of college.
inexhorable
የማይለወጥ
The inexorable rise of global temperatures highlights the urgent need for action on climate change.
ephemeral
ጊዜያዊ
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
*እንኳን ደስ ያለህ! እርስዎ በተግባራዊው ክፍል ውስጥ አድርገውታል. አሁን ሰዋሰው ጊዜው ነው!*
*አሁን በቀላል* እንጀምራለን ፣ እሱ በጣም መሠረታዊው ሰዋሰው ነው ፣ ግን የላቁ የእንግሊዘኛ ተማሪዎች እንኳን አሁንም *በ 3 ኛ ሰው ነጠላ ወይም በጥያቄዎች ውስጥ ይሳሳታሉ* ፣ እባክዎን ቢያንስ ትንሽ ለመከለስ ይሞክሩ።
ለሚከተሉት ቀላል ስጦታዎችን እንጠቀማለን-
*በአሁኑ ጊዜ እውነት* የሆኑ ነገሮች፡- "I like ice cream"
*በመደበኛነት* የሚከሰት ነገር; "I play tennis every Sunday"
*ሁሌም እውነት* የሆነ ነገር "Water boils at 100 degrees"::
to suffer
መሰቃየት
He suffers from anxiety and depression.
The consistent increase in urban population density significantly enhances the demand for public transportation infrastructure.
የከተማ ነዋሪዎች ቁጥር ቀጣይነት ያለው መጨመር ለሕዝብ ትራንስፖርት መሠረተ ልማት ያለውን ፍላጎት በከፍተኛ ሁኔታ ይጨምራል።
to not mind doing something
አንድን ነገር ለማድረግ ፈቃደኛ መሆን
I don't mind walking in the dark. I am not scared.
to research
መረዳት
I need to do some research for my history paper.
to be keen on
ፍላጎት መኖር
She is keen on learning new languages.
unless
ካልሆነ በስተቀር
I won't go to the party unless my friend comes with me.
*ከ 3 ኛ ሰው ነጠላ ተጠንቀቁ!* ፈታኞች ካመለጡ ነጥቦችን ይቀንሳሉ።
እሱ፣ እሷ፣ እሱ - ይወዳል፣ ይፈልጋል፣ ያደርጋል...
እንስሳትን ስንጠቅስ እንጠቀማለን.
ከእንስሳት ጋር ጾታን መጠቀም የምንችለው ከእነሱ ጋር ጥሩ ግንኙነት ሲኖረን ብቻ ነው። "My dog is called Miky, I love him!"
ከብዙ ሰዎች ጋር ተጠንቀቅ "My mother and I are ...":

The advanced coating effectively shields the spacecraft from harmful cosmic radiation.
ይህ የላቀ ሽፋን መንኮራኩሩን ከጎጂ የጠፈር ጨረር ውጤታማ በሆነ መንገድ ይከላከላል።
to rotate
ማሽከርከር
The Earth rotates on its axis.

John and I are orphans.
ጆን እና እኔ ወላጅ አልባ ነን።
to reflect
ማንጸባረቅ
His behaviour reflects his true self.
to alleviate
ማቃለል
The new policy alleviates the financial burden on low-income families.
*ጥያቄዎች፡-*
በጥያቄዎች ውስጥ *do/does* እንጠቀማለን፡- "Do you play the piano? Does she like him?"
እንዲሁም *በጥያቄ ቃላት* እንጠቀማለን- "Where do Anjela and Rita work? What time does he finish?"
*ግን! ከማይጠቀሙት ጋር የሚደረጉ ጥያቄዎች* "Who lives in London? Who plays football?"፡
species
ዝርያ
Why do scientists classify different species of plants and animals?

What type of insecticide is most effective against aphids?
ለአፊድ (ቅማል) በጣም ውጤታማ የሆነው የፀረ-ተባይ ዓይነት የትኛው ነው?
vast
እጅግ ሰፊ
What makes the Sahara Desert such a vast and inhospitable region?
swarm
መንጋ
What role does communication play in the behavior of a swarm?
proliferation
መስፋፋት
How does the proliferation of technology impact our daily lives?
to refute
ማስተባበል
How do you refute the claim that renewable energy sources are too costly to implement?
*አሉታዊ*
በንግግር ውስጥ ኮንትራክሽን መጠቀም እንችላለን; ነገር ግን፣ *በመደበኛ ኢሜይሎች ወይም ድርሰቶች፣ ረጅሙን ቅጽ መጠቀም አለብን።*
አታድርጉ (ረጅም ቅጽ) = አታድርጉ (አጭር ቅጽ): "I don't like fast food."
አያደርግም = አያደርግም "She doesn't want to come.":
to rival
መወዳደር
The new technology does not rival the efficiency of traditional methods.
to amplify
ማጉላት
The small speaker doesn't amplify the sound enough for the large room.
male
ወንድ
He does not exhibit the typical characteristics associated with male behavior in the species.
ostentatious
ይዩልኝ የሚል
He doesn't appreciate people who are ostentatious in their behavior.
*ከአሁኑ ቀጣይነት እንቀጥል!*
ሁል ጊዜ የአሁን የግሥ ጊዜ *እና በግሥ መጨረሻ ላይ ያለው -ing* እንፈልጋለን።
ለመነጋገር እንጠቀማለን፡-
*በንግግር ጊዜ የተከናወኑ ተግባራት።*

to generate
ለማመንጨት
The wind turbines are currently generating renewable energy for the entire region.
to become
መሆን
The company is becoming a leader in renewable energy.
to outlast
መቆየት
He is outlasting all his competitors in the marathon.
ubiquitous
በሁሉም ቦታ የሚገኝ
Smartphones are becoming ubiquitous, changing the way we communicate.
ግን ለወደፊት *እቅዶች እና ዝግጅቶች የአሁኑን ቀጣይነት እንጠቀማለን።*
አንድ ነገር *ወደፊት '100% የታቀደ' መሆኑን ስናውቅ።*
እገሌ 90%፣ እገሌ 99%...አሳዛኝ ነገር ካልተፈጠረ በስተቀር 100% ለማለት እደፍራለሁ።
to hunt
ማደን
They are going hunting next weekend.

Next week we are preparing survival kits for the camping trip.
ለካምፒንግ ጉዞው የሚሆኑ የህልውና መጠበቂያ ቁሳቁሶችን በሚቀጥለው ሳምንት እናዘጋጃለን።
to harm
መጉዳት
She is advocating for policies that prevent chemicals from harming the environment.
among
በመካከል
Tensions are rising among the team members as the deadline approaches.
*በተከታታይ ግሦች አንጠቀምም።*
የአስተሳሰብ እና የስሜቶች ቋሚ ግሦች፡- "believe, dislike, know, like, love, hate, prefer, realise, recognize, remember, suppose, think (believe), understand, want, and wish"
ቋሚ የስሜት ግሦች፡- "appear, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste"
እና ሌሎች ቋሚ ግሦች "agree, be, belong, disagree, need, owe, own, possess?"፡

to prefer
መምረጥ
She prefers tea to coffee.

to suppose
መገመት
I suppose we should leave now to avoid the traffic.
to owe
ዕዳ መኖር
I owe you an explanation for my behavior.
to belong
የአንድ አካል መሆን
These books belong to the library.
እንዲሁም *ከተወሰነ ጊዜ በፊት እና በኋላ ስለሚሆነው ነገር ለመነጋገር የአሁኑን ቀጣይነት እንጠቀማለን።*
"At eight o'clock we are usually having breakfast."
*ጊዜያዊ ነው ብለን በምናስበው ነገር።*
"Michael is at university. He's studying history."
*አዲስ በሆነ ነገር እና ካለፈው ሁኔታ ጋር የሚቃረን።*
"These days most people are using email instead of writing letters."
*በሚቀየር ፣በማደግ ወይም በማደግ ላይ ባለ ነገር።*
"The children are growing up quickly."

Michael is at university. He's studying history.
ማይክል ዩኒቨርሲቲ ነው። የታሪክ ትምህርት እየተማረ ነው።
to roar
ማገሳት
The crowd is roaring with excitement as the concert begins.
gullible
የዋህ
Even before the seminar, people are becoming more gullible, falling for obvious scams.
to persuade
ማሳመን
I am working hard to persuade the committee before the deadline next Friday.
የአሁን ቀጣይነት እንዲሁ *በተደጋጋሚ ከሚከሰት ነገር ጋር ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል (በአብዛኛው ከአሉታዊ ትርጉም ጋር - እኛ በተለምዶ 'ሁልጊዜ' እንጠቀማለን)፡-*
"It's always raining in London."
He is always nitpicking at her and they are always arguing.
ሁልጊዜ ይነቀንቃታል፤ ሁልጊዜም ይጣላሉ።
to inundate
ማጥለቅለቅ
She is always inundating us with unnecessary emails.
conundrum
እንቆቅልሽ
He always finds himself facing the same conundrum of choosing between his career and personal life.
to adapt
መልመድ
We are always adapting our strategies to keep up with the rapidly changing market trends..
እኛ በምንሆንበት ጊዜ *ስላለፈው ነገር ለመናገር* የአሁኑን ቀጣይነት ያለው መጠቀም እንችላለን፡-
*ታሪክ መናገር ወይም መጽሐፍ፣ ፊልም ወይም ጨዋታ ማጠቃለል።*
The other day I'm just walking down the street when suddenly this man comes up to me and asks me to lend him some money.
በቅርቡ አንድ ቀን መንገድ ላይ እየተጓዝኩ ሳለ፣ ድንገት አንድ ሰው ወደ እኔ መጥቶ ገንዘብ እንዳበድረው ጠየቀኝ።

Well, he's carrying a big stick and he looks a bit dangerous, so I'm wondering what to do …
እንግዲህ፥ ትልቅ ዱላ ይዟል ደግሞም ትንሽ አደገኛ ይመስላል፤ ስለዚህ ምን እንደማደርግ እያሰብኩ ነው…
Harry Potter is a pupil at Hogwarts school. One day when he is playing Quidditch he sees a strange object in the sky. He wonders what is happening …
ሃሪ ፖተር የሆግዋርትስ ትምህርት ቤት ተማሪ ነው። አንድ ቀን ኩዊዲች እየተጫወተ ሳለ በሰማይ ላይ አንድ እንግዳ ነገር ያያል። ምን እየተፈጠረ እንዳለ ለማወቅም ይጓጓል...
*ለአሁኑ ፍጹም የሚሆንበት ጊዜ አሁን ነው!*
*በርዕሰ ጉዳይ እንረዳዋለን/ያለው/ያለው/ያለፈው አካል።*
"I have intoruduced myself."
እኛ *ከዚህ በፊት ስለተፈጸሙት ነገር ግን አሁን ያለውን ተፅእኖ* ለመንገር እንጠቀምበታለን እና ምናልባትም ለወደፊቱ ሊቀጥል ይችላል.
I have never caught a glimpse of that.
እኔ ያንን አይቼው አላውቅም።

They have been pronounced husband and wife.
ባልና ሚስት መሆናቸው ታውጇል።
I have had my share of ups and downs.
ብዙ ውጣ ውረዶችን አሳልፌያለሁ።
I've just published this research I've carried out.
ያካሄድኩትን ይህን ጥናት አሁን አሳትሜዋለሁ።

I haven't given up on him yet.
እስካሁን በእሱ ላይ ተስፋ አልቆረጥኩም።
*በመሄድ እና በመሄድ መካከል ያለውን ልዩነት እንመልከት፡-*
ሄዷል = ሰውዬው አሁንም የለም
been to = ሰውየው ከዚያ ቦታ ልምድ አለው ነገር ግን ቀድሞውኑ ተመልሶ ነበር"

She has gone to Belgium. She should return in December.
ወደ ቤልጂየም ሄዳለች። በታህሳስ ወር ትመለሳለች ተብሎ ይጠበቃል።
He has been to many exquisite places.
እሱ ብዙ አስደናቂ ቦታዎችን ጎብኝቷል።
voracious
ሆድ አምላኩ
She has been to several book fairs, driven by her voracious appetite for reading.
to suggest
ለመጠቆም
I suggest we go to the new Italian restaurant downtown; I've been to it once, and the food was amazing.
አሁን የሁሉም ሰው ተወዳጅ *ስጦታ ያለማቋረጥ።*
*ርዕሰ ጉዳይን* በመጠቀም እንፈጥራለን
ይህንን በመደበኛነት የምንጠቀመው *በአሁኑ ጊዜ የሆነ ነገር አሁንም እንደቀጠለ ለማጉላት ነው።*
ተለዋዋጭ ግሦችን ከዚህ ሰዋሰው ጊዜ ጋር ብቻ እንጠቀማለን።

She has been living in whimsical Africa since 1995.
ከ1995 ጀምሮ በድንቅና አስገራሚዋ አፍሪካ ውስጥ እየኖረች ትገኛለች።
I have been painting on this canvas all morning.
ጠዋቱን ሙሉ በዚህ ሸራ ላይ ስስል ቆይቻለሁ።
She is all sweaty. She has been climbing that oak tree.
ሙሉ በሙሉ በላብ ተጠምቃለች። ያንን የኦክ ዛፍ ስትወጣ ነበር።

They have been cutting down these damaged pine trees.
እነዚህን የተጎዱ የጥድ ዛፎች ሲቆርጡ ቆይተዋል።
በነገራችን ላይ *ለወደፊትም ፍጹም የሆነውን አሁን መጠቀም እንችላለን።*
በመደበኛነት የአሁኑን ቀላል በምንጠቀምበት ቦታ፣ የእርስዎን ታላቅ የእንግሊዝኛ ችሎታ ማሳየት እና በምትኩ አሁን ፍጹም መጠቀም ይችላሉ።
"We will begin when everyone arrives."
vs
"We will gegin when everyone has arrived."
I'll keep on looking until I have found my book.
መጽሐፌን እስካገኝ ድረስ ፍለጋዬን እቀጥላለሁ።

I will not stop until I have become the best leader.
ምርጥ መሪ እስክሆን ድረስ አላቆምም።
ineffable
በቃል የማይገለጽ
By the time they finish the project, the team will have created an ineffable masterpiece.
resilient
ተለዋዋጭ
By next year, she will have become even more resilient in handling challenges.

anticipate
መጠበቅ
By the time the project is completed, we will have anticipated all potential challenges and addressed them accordingly.
የአሁን ጊዜዎችን መርምረናል፣ አሁን *ያለፈው ቀላል ጊዜ ነው።* ለመነጋገር እንጠቀማለን፡-
- *ከዚህ በፊት የሆነ* ነገር "I crashed my car into a bridge last week."
- *ከዚህ በፊት ብዙ ጊዜ የተከሰተ* ነገር - "I made jokes about him each time I saw him."
- *ከዚህ በፊት ለተወሰነ ጊዜ እውነት የሆነ* ነገር - "I lacked motivation for my exam, that's why it took me 3 attempts."
- ከዚህ *በፊት* አገላለጽ እንጠቀማለን - "I met my wife 30 years ago."
ባለፈው ቀላል ውስጥ ብዙውን ጊዜ *ወደ ግሦች እንጨምራለን* . ግን ለመቆጣጠር ተጨማሪ ጊዜ የሚያስፈልጋቸው *መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች* አሉ።
በሦስቱም መልክ የሚለያዩትን እንጀምር፡-
to bear (bore, borne)
መታገስ
to blow (blew, blown)
መንፋት
The strong wind blew the papers off the table.
to be (was/were, been)
መሆን
She was the top performer in last night's talent show.
to shake (shook, shaken)
ማንቀጥቀጥ
She shook the rug to remove the dust.
to shrink (shrank, shrunk)
መኮማተር
The sweater shrank in the wash, so now it's too small for me to wear.
to tear (tore, torn)
መቅደድ
I accidentally tore my shirt on a nail.
አሁን እነዚያን *መደበኛ ያልሆኑ ግሦች ባለፈው ጊዜ እና ያለፈው ክፍል ተመሳሳይ ቅጾች ያላቸውን* አንዳንድ ምሳሌዎችን እንስጥ፡
to creep (crept, crept)
በስውር መሄድ
I crept up the stairs so as not to wake the baby.
to cling (clung, clung)
ሙጥኝ ማለት
The child clung to his mother's hand as they walked through the crowded mall.
to mean (meant, meant)
ማሰብ
I meant to call you yesterday, but I got busy with work.
to seek (sought, sought)
መፈለግ
She sought help from her friends.
to spin (span/spun, spun)
መሽከርከር
The dancer spun gracefully across the stage during her performance.
to sting (stung, stung)
መውጋት
The bee stung him on the arm while he was gardening.
to breed (bred, bred)
ለመራባት
The farmers bred the cattle for increased milk production.
to light (lit, lit)
ማብራት
She lit the candles before the guests arrived.
to sweep (swept, swept)
መጥረግ
She swept the leaves from the driveway.
to shoot (shot, shot)
መተኮስ
The basketball player shot the ball into the hoop.
ከዚያም እኛ ደግሞ ሁሉም አለን *3 ቅጾች ያልተለወጡ:.*
to upset (upset, upset)
ማበሳጨት
The news upset him deeply, leaving him in a somber mood all day.
to bid (bid, bid)
መሰናበት
She bid farewell to her friends as she left for her new job abroad.
እና ብዙ ሰዎች ያለፈውን ጊዜ ግራ ያጋባሉ እና በግሶች ውስጥ ይሳተፋሉ *ለመዋሸት (ውሸት ለመናገር) ፣ ለመዋሸት (ላይ ላይ ተኝተው) እና ለመተኛት (ለመተኛት)።*
to lie (lied, lied)
መዋሸት
He lied about his whereabouts to avoid getting into trouble.

to lie on a surface (lay, lain)
በአንድ ነገር ላይ መጋደም
The cat lay on the sunny windowsill all afternoon.
to lay (laid, laid)
ማስቀመጥ
She laid the baby down in the crib.
ብዙ ሰዎች ዛሬን ወይም ወደፊትን ስናስብ ያለፈውን ቀላል ነገር በመላምት (አንድ ነገር ስታስቡ) መጠቀም እንደምንችል ይረሳሉ።
"Imagine you won the lottery. What would you do?"

Imagine you encountered an ancient artifact. How perplexed would you be by its origins?
አንድ ጥንታዊ ቅርስ አጋጠመህ እንበል። ስለ አመጣጡ ምን ያህል ግራ ትጋባ ነበር?
አሁን ብዙ ጊዜ ጥቅም ላይ የማይውል ውጥረትን እናጸዳለን. ግን ብዙ ጊዜ በፈተና ውስጥ ነው እና በእውነተኛ ህይወት ውስጥም መግባት ይችላሉ!
*ያለፈው ፍፁም ቀላል (ያለፈ + ያለፈ ተካፋይ)* እንጠቀማለን *እስከ አንድ ጊዜ ያለፈው ጊዜ ድረስ፡-*
"She had published her first book by the time she was ten."
እንዲሁም *ያለፉትን ሁለት ክስተቶች ቅደም ተከተል ለማሳየት እንጠቀምበታለን።* ያለፈው ፍጹም የቀደመውን ድርጊት እና ያለፈውን ቀላል የኋለኛውን ድርጊት ያሳያል፡-
"When I got home I realized I had forgotten to buy groceries."
"Sadly, the author died before he'd finished the series."
ከዚህ ውጥረት ጋር ብዙ ጊዜ *ቀድሞውንም፣ አሁንም፣ ልክ፣ መቼም ወይም በጭራሽ* እንጠቀማለን።
"She was the most astonishing woman I had ever seen."
to scurry
መጣደፍ
By the time the storm hit, the mice had already scurried into their burrows.
to snuggle
መተቃቀፍ
The children had snuggled under the blankets before the power went out.
to neglect
ቸል ማለት
She had neglected to water the plants for weeks, and they had all wilted.
By the time the final exam started, the sheer amount of material to review had already overwhelmed the students.
የመጨረሻው ፈተና እስከሚጀምርበት ጊዜ ድረስ፣ ሊከለስ የሚገባው የትምህርት መጠን ብዛት ተማሪዎቹን ከአቅማቸው በላይ ሆኖባቸው ነበር።
to testify
መመስከር
The witness had testified in court before the new evidence was discovered.
*ያለፈው ፍፁም ቀጣይነት* ላለው ነገር *ካለፈው ለተጀመረ እና በተወሰነ ጊዜ ውስጥ ለቀጠለ ነገር እንጠቀማለን።*
"When George died, he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years."
ወይም *ካለፈው ነጥብ በፊት ብዙ ጊዜ ለተከሰተ እና ከዚያ ነጥብ በኋላ ለቀጠለ ነገር፡-*
"He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager."
ወይም *ያለንን ልምድ እስከ አንድ ነጥብ ድረስ ባለፈው ጊዜ ስንዘግብ፡-*
"My thirtieth birthday was the worst day I had ever had."
እና ልክ አሁን ካለው ፍፁም ጋር የምንጠቀመው ካለፈው ፍጹም ጋር *ነው* ።

She had been working tirelessly for months, hoping that her efforts would eventually yield significant results.
ጥረቷ ውሎ አድሮ ጉልህ ውጤት እንደሚያስገኝ ተስፋ በማድረግ ለወራት ያለመታከት ስትሰራ ቆይታለች።
to regard
እንደ ... መቁጠር
He had been regarding her with suspicion long before the truth came out.
to sneak
በስውር መግባት
They had been sneaking out of the house every night to meet their friends.
to meddle
ጣልቃ መግባት
She had been meddling in their affairs for months without their knowledge.
አሁን *ወደፊት ቀጣይ (መሆን/አይሆንም + - መሆን) ወደሚባል ውጥረት ውስጥ እንግባ።*
*ወደፊት በተወሰነ ጊዜ ውስጥ ስለሚከናወኑ የወደፊት ድርጊቶች ለመነጋገር እንጠቀማለን፡-*
"When you come home, I'll be boarding a plane."
ወይም እንደ *አዲስ፣ የተለየ ወይም ጊዜያዊ የምናየው ነገር፡-*
"Today we're taking the bus but next week we'll be taking the train."
to extort
ማስፈራራትና መበዝበዝ
The corrupt officials will be extorting money from local businesses for protection.
to falter
መጠራጠር
The novice speaker will be faltering during his first big presentation.
to gauge
መለካት
The scientist will be gauging the reactions of the participants in the experiment.
to grapple
መታገል
The team will be grappling with the complex problem throughout the week.
The construction on the main road will be hindering traffic flow for the next few weeks.
በዋናው መንገድ ላይ የሚካሄደው ግንባታ ለሚቀጥሉት ጥቂት ሳምንታት የትራፊክ ፍሰቱን ያደናቅፋል።
እንደ ፊት ስለ ወደፊት እንኳን *future perfect (will/won't have + past participle)* እንጠቀማለን። ይህ ግጥም ስለ ወደፊት በተወሰነ ጊዜ በፊት የተጠናቀቀ ነገር ሲነገር ይጠቀማል። *will be completed before a specific time in the future.{
"Will you have gone to bed when I get back?"
We can use phrases like *by* or *by the time* (at some point before), *in* or *in a day's time/in two months' time/in five years' time* (at the end of the period) to give the time period in which the action will be completed.
"By the time I finish this course, I will have revised all English tenses."
"In three years' time, I'll have graduated from university."
to inhibit
መግታት
By the end of the year, the new regulations will have inhibited further development in the area.
to lack
ማጣት
By the time the project is completed, we will have lacked the necessary resources to achieve the desired results.
to magnify
ማጉላት
The telescope will have magnified the distant stars, making them visible to the naked eye.
to laugh
መሳቅ
By the time the party is over, everyone will have laughed at the hilarious jokes and stories.

By the end of the year, the company will have abandoned its outdated policies in favor of more innovative practices.
እስከ ዓመቱ መጨረሻ ድረስ ኩባንያው ጊዜ ያለፈባቸውን ፖሊሲዎቹን በመተው ይበልጥ ፈጠራ የታከለባቸው አሰራሮችን ተግባራዊ ያደርጋል።
to outline
ረቂቅ ማውጣት
By the end of the meeting, we will have outlined the entire project plan in detail.
አሁን *ሁሉንም የእንግሊዝኛ ጊዜዎች አሻሽለነዋል።* ነገር ግን፣ በአንዳንድ ሁኔታዎች እንዴት እነሱን ማጣመር እንዳለብን አላሻሻልንም።... *በአንዳንድ ሁኔታዎች።*
ወዴት እንደምሄድ ታያለህ ብዬ አስባለሁ። አሁን ብዙ ሰዎች ስህተት ስለሚሠሩ *ሁኔታዎችን* እንከልሳለን።
በፈተናዎ ውስጥ እነዚያን ውድ ነጥቦች ማጣት እንደማትፈልጉ እገምታለሁ ስለዚህ ወደ ሥራ እንግባ!

Practice makes perfect!
ልምምድ ፍጹም ያደርጋል!
በእንግሊዘኛ *4 ዋና ዋና ሁኔታዎች አሉ፡ ዜሮ፣ አንደኛ፣ ሁለተኛ፣ እና ሶስተኛ* ...እና በመቀጠል *የተቀላቀሉ ሁኔታዎችም* አሉ፣ ግን መጀመሪያ እነዚያን 'ቀላል' እንከልሳቸው።
ሁኔታዎች *የአንድ የተወሰነ ሁኔታን ውጤት ይገልጻሉ.* *ከሆነ አንቀጽ* *ሁኔታውን* ይነግርዎታል እና *ዋናው አንቀጽ* *ውጤቱን* ይነግርዎታል።
"If you study hard, you will pass the exam."
የአንቀጾቹ ቅደም ተከተል ትርጉሙን አይለውጥም. ግን ከሥርዓተ-ነጥብ ይጠንቀቁ!
If I finish this course, I will be ready for the IELTS exam!
ይህን ኮርስ ካጠናቀቅኩ ለ IELTS ፈተና ዝግጁ እሆናለሁ!
ዜሮ ሁኔታዊ *በእውነታ ላይ የተመሰረተ ብቻ ነው።* *በሁለቱም በኩል* *ቀላል* ውጥረት አለ;
"If you freeze water, it becomes solid."
*ከሥርዓተ-ነጥብ ይጠንቀቁ!* አንቀፅ ከሆነ *በኋላ* እንጠቀማለን ግን ከእሱ በፊት አይደለም!
"Water becomes solid if you freeze it."
to bestow
መስጠት
If you consistently demonstrate excellence, the organization bestows awards upon you.
to betray
መክዳት
If you betray someone's trust, they do not forgive you easily.
You circumvent many common issues if you follow the proper guidelines.
ትክክለኛዎቹን መመሪያዎች ከተከተሉ ብዙ የተለመዱ ችግሮችን ያስወግዳሉ።
to confess
መናዘዝ
If you confess your mistakes, people appreciate your honesty.
to confine
መገደብ
If you confine your creativity, you do not reach your full potential.
*የመጀመሪያው ሁኔታዊ* ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል *ብለን ለምናምንባቸው ወደፊት ሁኔታዎች፡-*
"If it rains, we will stay at home."
*አንቀጽ + ቀላል ከሆነ/ሲቀርብ፣ የማያልቅ ይሆናል።*
እንዲሁም *ካልሆነ በስተቀር፣ እስካልሆነ ድረስ፣ ወዲያውኑ* ወይም *ካልሆነ* *በስተቀር* ወደ አጠቃቀሞች መግባት ይችላሉ።
"I'll leave as soon as Lucy arrives."
"I don't want to do it unless you treat me with respect."
"I will show you to the kitchen in case you get hungry."
"You can call my sister as long as you stay just friends."
to deplore
ማውገዝ
If the company implements unfair policies, employees will deplore the management's decisions.
to invoke
መጥራት
If the situation becomes dire, the leader will invoke emergency powers.

If you don't handle the machinery carefully, it might maim you.
ማሽኑን በጥንቃቄ ካልያዝከው ሊያቆስልህ ወይም አካልህን ሊያጎድል ይችላል።
to grab
መጨበጥ
If you see a good opportunity, you will grab it without hesitation.
*ሁለተኛ ሁኔታዊ* *ሊከሰት ለማይችሉ ሁኔታዎች ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል፡-*
"If we moved to a bigger house, we could get another dog."
መዋቅር *፡ አንቀጽ + ያለፈ ቀላል ከሆነ + ማለቂያ የሌለው*
*በግስ መሆን ከተከተለ* ሰዋሰዋዊ *በሆነ* መልኩ እሱን መጠቀም ትክክል ነው። "if I were, if she were."
እንደዚህ ልንገልጽ የምንችለው *በተወሰነ ሁኔታ ውስጥ ሊኖር የሚችል* እና ከብሉይ እንግሊዝኛ የመጣ ነው።
ነገር ግን፣ *እሷ/እሷ እንደነበረች* በተለምዶ መጠቀም እና መስማት ትችላላችሁ እና እንዲሁም *ትክክል* ነው።
"I wouldn't do that if I were you."
"If she was president, she would invest in education more."
"If he were a little nicer, I would consider him a good match."
If I were as nimble as a gymnast, I would join the acrobatics team.
እንደ ጂምናስቲክ ተጫዋች ቅልጥፍና ቢኖረኝ ኖሮ የአክሮባት ቡድኑን እቀላቀል ነበር።
to salivate
ምራቅ ማዝረክረክ
If you placed a delicious meal in front of him, he would start to salivate instantly.
to staple
መሰብሰብ
If we ran out of staples, we would find it difficult to complete our reports efficiently.
to summarize
ለማጠቃለል
If we had more time, we could summarize the report in greater detail.
አሁን እውን እየሆነ ነው ወይንስ ምናልባት...በእውነት? ወደ *ሦስተኛው ሁኔታ* እንግባ። *ያለፈውን ጊዜ ለመገመት* ይጠቅማል። ብዙውን ጊዜ አንድ ነገር *ስንጸጸት* ወይም *ያለፈውን መለወጥ* ስንፈልግ ... ግን *አይቻልም* .
"If I had paid more attention, I wouldn't have to study as much."
አወቃቀሩ *፡ + ካለፈ ፍፁም የሆነ፣ ያለፈው አካል ይኖረው ነበር* ።
If she had squeezed through the narrow gap, she would have reached the exit in time.
በጠባቡ ክፍተት ውስጥ ብትሾልክ ኖሮ በሰዓቱ መውጫው ላይ ትደርስ ነበር።
to suppress
መጨቆን
If the government had suppressed the evidence, the truth would never have come to light.
to tweak
በትንሹ ማስተካከል
If she had tweaked the formula slightly, the experiment might have been successful.
to digest
ማንሸራሸር
If I had properly digested all the information, I would have understood the topic better.
to evaluate
ለመገምገም
If we had evaluated the risks more thoroughly, we would have avoided the project's major setbacks.
እና አሁን 'የመጨረሻው አለቃ'. አዎ፣ ገምተሃል... *ድብልቅ ሁኔታዎች* .
ልንጠቀምባቸው የምንችለው *ያለፈውን ለውጥ በምናብበት ጊዜ ካለፈው ውጤት ጋር ወይም አሁን ያለው ለውጥ ካለፈው ውጤት ጋር ነው* ።
ትርጉም የማይሰጥ ሆኖ ይሰማሃል? አንዳንድ ምሳሌዎችን እንመልከት፡-
"If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner."
በዚህ ሁኔታ ውስጥ ያለፈው ለውጥ የአሁኑን ጊዜ እንዴት እንደሚያመጣ እናስባለን.
መዋቅር *፡ + ፍፁም ካለፈ፣ + ማለቂያ የሌለው*
"It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday."
እዚህ ላይ ተናጋሪው አሁን ያለው ሁኔታ ለውጥ በቀድሞው ለውጥ ላይ እንዴት ተጽዕኖ እንደሚያሳድር ያስረዳል።
አወቃቀሩ *፡ + ካለፈ ቀላል፣ + ያለፈ ተካፋይ ይኖረው ነበር* ።

hawk
ጭላዳ
If he had studied ornithology, he would be able to identify that bird as a hawk now.
arduous
አድካሚ
If she had not taken on such an arduous task, she would have more energy now.
If he had been more meticulous with his work, he would be enjoying a promotion right now.
በስራው ላይ የበለጠ ጥንቁቅ ቢሆን ኖሮ አሁን የደረጃ እድገት ያገኝ ነበር።

If she were more proactive, her success would have been contingent on her hard work and dedication.
የበለጠ ንቁ ብትሆን ኖሮ ስኬቷ በጠንካራ ስራዋ እና በትጋቷ ላይ የተመሰረተ ይሆን ነበር።
vibrant
ነቃ ያለ
If she were more outgoing, she would have made a vibrant speech at the conference last week.
ይህ የዚህ ኮርስ *መጨረሻ* ነው! ይህ እንደረዳዎት ተስፋ አደርጋለሁ!
*ከእርስዎ IELTS ጋር መልካም ዕድል !!!*
Break a leg!
መልካም እድል!
I have a big audition tomorrow." "Break a leg!