IELTS - Kou preparasyonMo angle yo an angle
by DuoCards
*Byenveni nan kou metriz IELTS la!*
Nou pral kouvri *vokabilè kle, tan gramè, konsèy ak teknik* pou jwenn bon nòt. Kou a kòmanse ak *pale ak ekri* , konsantre sou *erè komen* , epi apre sa, nou pral *revize tan* ak *nouvo vokabilè.* Gramè a kòmanse fasil epi li vin pi avanse.
*Ann kòmanse ak pati pale a.💭*
Konsidere li kòm yon konvèsasyon - eseye rete rilaks epi natirèl.
Li pi bon pou evite repons ou yo pa kè, jan egzaminatè yo ka anjeneral di.
Eseye pale yon ti kras chak jou, menmsi se sèlman avèk tèt ou oswa yon IA - sa vrèman fè yon diferans!
Nou rasanble kèk fraz pratik ou ka itilize pou pale pi byen. Jis fè atansyon pou ou pa sèvi ak yo twòp - balans enpòtan anpil.
*Bon chans! (or) M swete w bon chans!*
Let's roll!
Ann ale!
When the movie was about to start, the director shouted, "Let's roll!
to kick things off
pou kòmanse
To kick things off, I would like to introduce our guest speaker.
on the flip side
yon lòt bò
I know that the weather is great for a picnic today, but on the flip side, it might be too hot for some people.
it goes without saying
sa ale san di
It goes without saying that you should always wear a seatbelt while driving.
to sum up
an rezime
To summarize, the report highlights the key findings of our research and provides recommendations for future action.
to put it differently
an lòt mo
To put it differently, exercise is not just about physical health but also about mental well-being.
in a nutshell
an rezime
To put it in a nutshell, we need to work harder to achieve our goals.
to draw a parallel
fè yon paralèl
To draw a parallel, just as exercise strengthens the body, reading regularly strengthens the mind.
to play a crucial role in
jwe yon wòl kle nan
Dedicated teachers play a crucial role in shaping the future of their students.
to put it simply
pou n di sa senp
To put it simply, the project was a failure.
to delve deeper into this
fouye pi fon nan sijè sa a
To delve deeper into this, one must consider the long-term impacts of climate change on coastal communities.
Travay 1 se plis *entwodiksyon* . Nan travay 2 ou bezwen *eksprime panse w* e petèt *santiman w* .
Ann wè ki fraz ou ta ka itilize:
in my opinion
dapre mwen
In my opinion, this movie is really good.
on one hand, on the other hand
sou yon bò, sou lòt bò a
On one hand, online education offers flexibility and accessibility. On the other hand, it can lack the personal interaction that traditional classrooms provide.
I firmly believe that
Mwen kwè byen fèm ke
I firmly believe that investing in healthcare infrastructure is vital for the well-being of a nation.
as far as I'm concerned
pou mwen menm
As far as I'm concerned, the best way to learn English is to practice speaking it every day.
for instance
pa egzanp
I like to do outdoor activities, for instance, hiking and camping.
an emerging trend is
yon tandans k ap parèt se
An emerging trend is the shift towards remote work, which has been accelerated by recent global events.
it's worth noting that
li vo lapenn pou nou remake ke
It's worth noting that bilingual individuals often have cognitive advantages over monolinguals.
striking a balance between
jwenn yon ekilib ant
Striking a balance between work and leisure is essential for maintaining mental health and overall happiness.
Kounye a, nan pati 3 tès la, ou bezwen kapab *pale sou lide abstrè* . Pou sa ou ka sèvi ak *langaj figire ak idiom* pou enpresyone egzaminatè ou yo. Men, sèvi ak sèlman moun ou reyèlman konnen, si ou fè yon erè li pral lakòz plis pwen dedwi.
down in the dumps
deprime
I've been feeling down in the dumps since I lost my job.
over the moon
kontan kou kodenn
I was over the moon when I found out I got the job.
lose track of time
pèdi kont tan
I was so absorbed in my book that I lost track of time and missed my appointment.
look on the bright side
Gade bò ki pi klere a
I know you didn't get the job you wanted, but look on the bright side - you have a lot of experience now and can apply for other positions.
not my cup of tea
sa pa nan gou mwen
I don't really like horror movies, they're not my cup of tea.
*Gwo travay!* Ou te aprann fraz ki pi komen pou pale.
Pou konstwi sou sa, mwen pral ba ou yon koup nan plis jis amelyore *koyerans ou ak ladrès kominikasyon* atravè tout travay pale.
*Asire w ou fè entansyonèlman pratike yo jiskaske li te vin tounen dezyèm nati ou ^^*
I couldn't agree more
Mwen pa ka dakò plis pase sa
I couldn't agree more. We need to work together to find a solution.
to wrap things up
pou fini
I'd like to thank everyone for coming today. To wrap things up, I just want to remind you of our next meeting date.
building on that
baze sou sa
Building on that, we can see how technological advancements not only improve our daily lives but also open up new opportunities for innovation and growth in various industries.
to be well-off
gen mwayen
My neighbor is well-off. He drives a luxury car and has a big house.
to be fed up
bouke ak yon bagay
I'm fed up with this job. I need to find something new.
a hot potato
yon sitiyasyon delika
The issue of gun control is a hot potato in the United States.
in my personal experience
dapre eksperyans pèsonèl mwen
In my personal experience, studying abroad has greatly enhanced my understanding of different cultures and improved my language skills.
in light of these considerations
an limyè de konsiderasyon sa yo
In light of these considerations, it is clear that stricter environmental regulations are necessary to combat climate change effectively.
to twist someone's arm
konvenk yon moun
She didn't want to go to the party, but her friends twisted her arm.
without a shadow of doubt
san okenn dout
Without a shadow of a doubt, investing in education is one of the best ways to ensure a prosperous future for our society.
Yon lòt bagay ankò, nan pale li enpòtan anpil pou sèvi ak lang *couverture* .
Ou ka sèvi ak ekspresyon couverture pou *eksprime ensètitid* nan diskou ou.
"It could be..."
"This might be..."
Pran prekosyon nou ak reklamasyon solid ak deklarasyon sou sijè sansib. Sèvi ak kouvèti pou fè diskou ou pi dous ak pi sansib.
It might well be that...
Sa ka rive vre ke...
It might well be that the rise in remote work will lead to significant changes in how cities are designed in the future..
I am not sure but...
Mwen pa sèten men...
I am not sure but it seems that learning multiple languages can enhance cognitive abilities and cultural understanding.
As it seems that...
Jan sa sanble...
As it seems that climate change is accelerating, urgent action from all nations is required to mitigate its effects.
It might look...
Sa ka sanble...
It might look like a simple solution, but implementing renewable energy on a large scale involves complex planning and significant investment.
Koulye a, nou bezwen adrese *erè ki pi komen nan ekri* .
Nan ekri a ou ta ka jwenn *graf ba* (graf, dyagram ak tablo) ke w ap gen pou dekri. Anpil moun pa konnen ki jan ak san nesesite pèdi pwen. *Sa pa pral ou!*
Men kèk vokabilè pou ede w pase travay ekri ou yo.
pie chart
grafik sektè
A pie chart can be used to show the percentage of students in a class who prefer different types of music.
line graph
graf liy
The line graph depicts the changes in unemployment rates over the last decade.
bar graph
grafik an ba
The bar graph shows the population of five countries in 2020.
bar chart
grafik ba
A bar chart comparing the sales of different products in a store.
to compare
konpare
The data compare the performance of students in mathematics and science.
to imply
sijere
The results of the study imply that exercise can reduce stress.
to indicate
endike
The data indicated a decrease in sales.
similar
menm jan
The two graphs are very similar.
to illustrate
ilistre
The graph illustrates the relationship between education level and income.
to depict
dekri
The chart depicts the annual rainfall in different regions.
from the graph it is clear
soti nan graf la, li klè
From the graph, it is clear that the majority of respondents prefer digital over print media.
Jis yon ti konsèy: si ou vle ekri sa a: *%* nan mo.
Fason ki kòrèk la se *pousan*
per cent
pousan
10 per cent increase
Eseye *koyesif* ke posib nan ekri ou. Kòmanse yon nouvo paragraf pou chak nouvo lide.
Toujou tcheke òtograf ou ak gramè w. Tanpri *reponn kesyon an konplètman* . Pa ekri sou bagay ou vle ekri sou oswa jis reponn kesyon an pasyèlman.
Ekri sou sa yo mande w.
Mwen pral ba ou tou *kèk konsèy sou ponktiyasyon* kòm anpil moun pa konnen ki jan yo kòrèkteman itilize li.
*Ponktiyasyon* angle a diferan epi pafwa li *ka sove lavi!*
"Time to eat children. vs Time to eat, children."
Èske ou ka wè sa mwen vle di isit la?
Nou itilize vigil tou anvan diskou dirèk.
"She said, 'hurry up'!"
Nou menm tou nou bezwen sèvi ak vigil apre fraz tankou sepandan, kanmenm, yo dwe onèt, elatriye.
however
sepandan
She is very talented. However, she lacks confidence.
nevertheless
sepandan
I know it's raining. Nevertheless, I'm going for a walk.
to be honest
pou m onèt
To be honest, I didn't like the movie.
firstly
an premye
Firstly, I would like to thank everyone for coming today.
first of all
anvan tout bagay
First of all, let's discuss the main issues we need to address.
moreover
anplis de sa
The hotel has a great location. Moreover, the staff is very friendly.
furthermore
anplis
I don't think we should go out tonight. Furthermore, it's supposed to rain.
conversely
okontrè
Some people believe that money brings happiness. Conversely, others believe that money can't buy happiness.
*Nou kapab men nou pa oblije sèvi ak vigil pandan n ap pale de plis bagay* .
"I like Eva, Marina, and Nicol."vs "I love cats, dogs and horses."
Sepandan, pafwa *li ka yon ti kras konfizyon* si ou pa ajoute vigil la:
"I love my parents, Bill Gates and Pamela Anderson."
Malerezman, Bill Gates ak Pamela Anderson pa paran mwen. Se poutèt sa, li pi bon yo sèvi ak vigil ant yo tou.
to adhere
adeere
The tape adheres well to the wall.
antiquity
antikite
In antiquity, people relied on natural remedies and herbs for healing before the advent of modern medicine.
conscious
konsyan
She was conscious throughout the surgery.
faulty
defektye
The engineer inspected the machine and found several issues: a faulty valve, a broken circuit, and a worn-out gear.
Kesyon final la: *Kilè pou itilize yon vigil ant adjektif?*
Nou itilize vigil ant adjektif si nou ka itilize *ak* olye de li:
"He is a nice and friendly man"-> "He is nice, friendly man."
Men, *si nou pa ka itilize ak ant yo, Lè sa a, pa gen vigil* :
"I adore delicious French croissants."
Isit la li pa ta fè sans pou di bon gou ak franse croissants.
scrumptious
bon gou
She cooked a scrumptious meal for us.
to purchase something
achte yon bagay
I need to purchase some new clothes for the party.
previous
anvan
The previous owner of the house left some furniture behind.
to attend
asiste
I will attend the school meeting tomorrow.
*Anjeneral, pa sèvi ak vigil devan men/ak.*
"I want to swim in the ocean but I am terrified of sharks."
Men, nou ka itilize yon vigil *si ou vle fè yon poz* . Nan ka sa a, ou bezwen konnen ki kote yo mete yon vigil ki baze sou entwisyon ou.
"My best friend loves snakes, but not all of my friends like them."
Nou itilize vigil tou *lè nou chanje sijè yon fraz* :
"My teacher is very strict sometimes, but that's what I like about her."
Epitou, si ou *kòmanse ak yon kloz sibòdone* , ou bezwen tou itilize vigil, men nou te deja pale sou sa nan kondisyonèl.
"If you have time, call me."
to elucidate
eklarifye
Could you please elucidate your point? I'm not sure I understand.
to lament
plenyen
He sat alone in his room, lamenting his decision to drop out of college.
inexhorable
inyorab
The inexorable rise of global temperatures highlights the urgent need for action on climate change.
ephemeral
efemè
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
*Felisitasyon! Ou te fè l 'nan pati nan pratik. Kounye a li lè pou gramè!*
Nou pral kòmanse *ak prezan senp* , li se gramè ki pi fondamantal, men menm elèv k ap aprann angle avanse toujou fè *erè nan 3yèm moun sengilye oswa nan kesyon* , tanpri eseye revize omwen yon ti kras.
Nou itilize prezan senp pou:
bagay ki *vre nan prezan* : "I like ice cream"
yon bagay ki rive *regilyèman* : "I play tennis every Sunday"
yon bagay ki *toujou vre* : "Water boils at 100 degrees"
to suffer
soufri
He suffers from anxiety and depression.
The consistent increase in urban population density significantly enhances the demand for public transportation infrastructure.
Ogmantasyon kontinyèl nan dansite popilasyon vil yo ogmante anpil demann pou enfrastrikti transpò piblik.
to not mind doing something
sa pa deranje m pou m fè yon bagay
I don't mind walking in the dark. I am not scared.
to research
fè rechèch
I need to do some research for my history paper.
to be keen on
enterese nan
She is keen on learning new languages.
unless
si se pa
I won't go to the party unless my friend comes with me.
*Pran prekosyon nou ak 3yèm moun sengilye!* Egzaminatè yo pral retire pwen si ou rate li.
li, li, li - renmen, vle, fè...
Lè nou refere a bèt, nou sèvi ak li.
Nou ka itilize sèks ak bèt sèlman si nou gen yon bon relasyon ak yo. "My dog is called Miky, I love him!"
Fè atansyon ak plizyè moun: "My mother and I are ..."
The advanced coating effectively shields the spacecraft from harmful cosmic radiation.
Kouch avanse a pwoteje veso espasyèl la efektivman kont radyasyon kozmik ki danjere yo.
to rotate
vire
The Earth rotates on its axis.
John and I are orphans.
John avèk mwen se òfelen.
to reflect
reflete
His behaviour reflects his true self.
to alleviate
soulaje
The new policy alleviates the financial burden on low-income families.
*Kesyon:*
Nou itilize *do/does* nan kesyon: "Do you play the piano? Does she like him?"
Nou itilize li tou *ak mo kesyon yo* : "Where do Anjela and Rita work? What time does he finish?"
*MEN! Kesyon ak moun ki pa sèvi ak do/does* : "Who lives in London? Who plays football?"
species
espès
Why do scientists classify different species of plants and animals?
What type of insecticide is most effective against aphids?
Ki kalite ensektisid ki pi efikas kont afid?
vast
vas
What makes the Sahara Desert such a vast and inhospitable region?
swarm
eswa
What role does communication play in the behavior of a swarm?
proliferation
pwoliferasyon
How does the proliferation of technology impact our daily lives?
to refute
refite
How do you refute the claim that renewable energy sources are too costly to implement?
*Negatif:*
Nan diskou nou ka sèvi ak kontraksyon; sepandan, *nan imèl fòmèl oswa redaksyon, nou dwe itilize fòm long la.*
pa fè (fòm long) = pa fè (fòm kout): "I don't like fast food."
pa fè = pa fè: "She doesn't want to come."
to rival
rivalize
The new technology does not rival the efficiency of traditional methods.
to amplify
anplifye
The small speaker doesn't amplify the sound enough for the large room.
male
gason
He does not exhibit the typical characteristics associated with male behavior in the species.
ostentatious
ostantatwa
He doesn't appreciate people who are ostentatious in their behavior.
Ann kontinye ak *prezan kontinyèl!*
Nou toujou bezwen tan prezan vèb *be ak -ing* nan fen yon vèb.
Nou itilize li pou pale sou:
Aktivite k ap pase *nan moman pale.*
to generate
pou jenere
The wind turbines are currently generating renewable energy for the entire region.
to become
vin tounen
The company is becoming a leader in renewable energy.
to outlast
dire pi lontan
He is outlasting all his competitors in the marathon.
ubiquitous
toupatou
Smartphones are becoming ubiquitous, changing the way we communicate.
Men, nou itilize tou prezan kontinyèl pou *plan ak aranjman nan lavni.*
Lè nou konnen ke yon bagay *'100% planifye' nan tan kap vini an.*
Yon moun di 90%, yon moun 99%...Mwen oze di 100% sof si yon bagay trajik rive.
to hunt
chase
They are going hunting next weekend.
Next week we are preparing survival kits for the camping trip.
Semèn pwochèn n ap prepare twous sivivan pou vwayaj kan an.
to harm
fè mal
She is advocating for policies that prevent chemicals from harming the environment.
among
pami
Tensions are rising among the team members as the deadline approaches.
*Nou pa sèvi ak kontinyèl ak vèb stative.*
Vèb estatik panse ak santi: "believe, dislike, know, like, love, hate, prefer, realise, recognize, remember, suppose, think (believe), understand, want, and wish"
Vèb estatif nan sans: "appear, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste"
Ak lòt vèb statik: "agree, be, belong, disagree, need, owe, own, possess?"
to prefer
pito
She prefers tea to coffee.
to suppose
sipoze
I suppose we should leave now to avoid the traffic.
to owe
dwe
I owe you an explanation for my behavior.
to belong
apartenir
These books belong to the library.
Nou itilize prezan kontinyèl tou pou pale sou yon bagay k *ap pase anvan ak apre yon tan espesifik:*
"At eight o'clock we are usually having breakfast."
Avèk yon bagay ke *nou panse se tanporè.*
"Michael is at university. He's studying history."
Avèk yon bagay ki *nouvo ak diferansye ak yon eta anvan.*
"These days most people are using email instead of writing letters."
Avèk yon bagay ki ap *chanje, ap grandi oswa devlope.*
"The children are growing up quickly."
Michael is at university. He's studying history.
Michael nan inivèsite. L ap etidye istwa.
to roar
gwonde
The crowd is roaring with excitement as the concert begins.
gullible
enfini
Even before the seminar, people are becoming more gullible, falling for obvious scams.
to persuade
konvenk
I am working hard to persuade the committee before the deadline next Friday.
Prezan kontinyèl yo itilize tou ak yon bagay ki *rive ankò e ankò (sitou ak konotasyon negatif - nou nòmalman itilize 'toujou'):*
"It's always raining in London."
He is always nitpicking at her and they are always arguing.
Li toujou ap chèche ti kras fay nan sa l ap fè, e yo toujou ap chirepit.
to inundate
inonde
She is always inundating us with unnecessary emails.
conundrum
tèt chaje
He always finds himself facing the same conundrum of choosing between his career and personal life.
to adapt
adapte
We are always adapting our strategies to keep up with the rapidly changing market trends..
Nou ka itilize prezan kontinyèl pou *pale sou sot pase a* lè nou se:
*Rakonte yon istwa oswa rezime yon liv, fim oswa pyès teyat.*
The other day I'm just walking down the street when suddenly this man comes up to me and asks me to lend him some money.
Lòt jou a, mwen t ap mache nan lari a lè toudenkou yon mesye pwoche bò kote m epi li mande m pou m prete l lajan.
Well, he's carrying a big stick and he looks a bit dangerous, so I'm wondering what to do …
Enben, li gen yon gwo baton nan men l epi li sanble yon ti jan danjre, donk m ap reflechi sou sa pou m fè...
Harry Potter is a pupil at Hogwarts school. One day when he is playing Quidditch he sees a strange object in the sky. He wonders what is happening …
Harry Potter se yon elèv nan lekòl maji Poudlard. Yon jou, pandan l ap jwe Quidditch, li wè yon objè etranj nan syèl la. Li ap mande tèt li kisa k ap pase...
Kounye a li se tan pou *prezan pafè!*
Nou entèprete li ak *sijè + have/has + patisip pase.*
"I have intoruduced myself."
Nou sèvi ak li pou pale sou bagay ki *te pase nan tan lontan men enfliyanse prezan an* epi nou ka, petèt, kontinye nan tan kap vini an.
I have never caught a glimpse of that.
Mwen poko janm wè sa.
They have been pronounced husband and wife.
Yo te deklare yo mari ak madanm.
I have had my share of ups and downs.
Mwen te pase anpil gwo moman ak anpil move moman nan vi mwen.
I've just published this research I've carried out.
Mwen fèk sot pibliye rechèch sa a mwen te fè a.
I haven't given up on him yet.
M poko abandone l.
Ann fè yon gade nan *diferans ki genyen ant ale nan ak te ale nan:*
ale nan = moun nan toujou ale
been to = moun nan gen eksperyans nan kote sa a men li te deja retounen"
She has gone to Belgium. She should return in December.
Li pati pou Bèljik. Li ta dwe tounen nan mwa desanm.
He has been to many exquisite places.
Li vizite anpil bèl kote.
voracious
avaris
She has been to several book fairs, driven by her voracious appetite for reading.
to suggest
sijere
I suggest we go to the new Italian restaurant downtown; I've been to it once, and the food was amazing.
Koulye a, pi renmen tout moun *prezan pafè kontinyèl.*
Nou fòme li lè nou itilize *subject + have/has been + -ing*
Nou nòmalman itilize sa a pou ensiste ke yon bagay *toujou ap kontinye nan prezan an.*
Nou itilize sèlman vèb dinamik ak tan gramatikal sa a.
She has been living in whimsical Africa since 1995.
Li ap viv nan Afrik kaprisye a depi 1995.
I have been painting on this canvas all morning.
Mwen t ap pentire sou twal sa a depi tout maten an.
She is all sweaty. She has been climbing that oak tree.
Li tout an suè. Li t ap grenpe pyebwa bwadchenn nan.
They have been cutting down these damaged pine trees.
Yo t ap koupe sapen ki andomaje sa yo.
By wout la, *nou ka itilize prezan pafè pou lavni tou.*
Ki kote nou ta nòmalman itilize prezan senp, ou ka montre gwo konpetans angle ou epi sèvi ak prezan pafè olye de sa:
"We will begin when everyone arrives."
vs
"We will gegin when everyone has arrived."
I'll keep on looking until I have found my book.
M ap kontinye chèche jiskaske mwen jwenn liv mwen an.
I will not stop until I have become the best leader.
Mwen p ap kanpe jiskaske mwen vin pi bon lidè a.
ineffable
endiskriptib
By the time they finish the project, the team will have created an ineffable masterpiece.
resilient
rezilyan
By next year, she will have become even more resilient in handling challenges.
anticipate
prevwa
By the time the project is completed, we will have anticipated all potential challenges and addressed them accordingly.
Nou te tcheke tan prezan, kounye a li lè pou *sot pase a senp.* Nou itilize li pou pale sou:
- yon bagay ki *te pase nan tan lontan an* - "I crashed my car into a bridge last week."
- yon bagay ki *te rive plizyè fwa nan tan lontan an* - "I made jokes about him each time I saw him."
- yon bagay ki *te vre pou kèk tan nan tan lontan an* - "I lacked motivation for my exam, that's why it took me 3 attempts."
- nou itilize ekspresyon *ago* nan tan lontan an - "I met my wife 30 years ago."
Nan past simple nou anjeneral ajoute *-ed nan vèb yo* . Men, gen *vèb iregilye* ki bezwen plis tan pou metrize.
Ann kòmanse ak moun ki diferan nan twa fòm yo:
to bear (bore, borne)
sipòte
to blow (blew, blown)
soufle
The strong wind blew the papers off the table.
to be (was/were, been)
se (te, te ye)
She was the top performer in last night's talent show.
to shake (shook, shaken)
souke
She shook the rug to remove the dust.
to shrink (shrank, shrunk)
retresi
The sweater shrank in the wash, so now it's too small for me to wear.
to tear (tore, torn)
dechire
I accidentally tore my shirt on a nail.
Koulye a, ann bay kèk egzanp *vèb iregilye sa yo ak menm fòm yo nan tan pase a ak patisipan sot pase yo:*
to creep (crept, crept)
kòche
I crept up the stairs so as not to wake the baby.
to cling (clung, clung)
kenbe
The child clung to his mother's hand as they walked through the crowded mall.
to mean (meant, meant)
vle di
I meant to call you yesterday, but I got busy with work.
to seek (sought, sought)
chèche
She sought help from her friends.
to spin (span/spun, spun)
vire
The dancer spun gracefully across the stage during her performance.
to sting (stung, stung)
pike
The bee stung him on the arm while he was gardening.
to breed (bred, bred)
repwodui
The farmers bred the cattle for increased milk production.
to light (lit, lit)
limen
She lit the candles before the guests arrived.
to sweep (swept, swept)
baleye
She swept the leaves from the driveway.
to shoot (shot, shot)
tire
The basketball player shot the ball into the hoop.
Lè sa a, nou tou gen tout *3 fòm san chanje:*
to upset (upset, upset)
dezeleb
The news upset him deeply, leaving him in a somber mood all day.
to bid (bid, bid)
di orevwa
She bid farewell to her friends as she left for her new job abroad.
Epi anpil moun konfonn tan pase a ak patisip nan vèb *bay manti (di yon manti), bay manti (kouche sou yon sifas), ak kouche (kouche):*
to lie (lied, lied)
bay manti
He lied about his whereabouts to avoid getting into trouble.
to lie on a surface (lay, lain)
kouche sou yon sifas
The cat lay on the sunny windowsill all afternoon.
to lay (laid, laid)
poze
She laid the baby down in the crib.
Anpil moun bliye ke nou ka itilize past simple lè nou fè referans a prezan oswa avni nan ipotèz (lè ou imajine yon bagay)
"Imagine you won the lottery. What would you do?"
Imagine you encountered an ancient artifact. How perplexed would you be by its origins?
Imajine ou te tonbe sou yon ansyen zafè. Èske w t ap byen twouble pou w konnen ki kote l soti?
Koulye a, nou pral brose moute sou yon tansyon ki pa twò souvan itilize. Men, li se souvan nan tès yo epi ou ka frape nan li nan lavi reyèl tou!
Nou itilize *past perfect simple (had + past participle)* pou pale sou *tan jiska yon sèten pwen nan tan pase:*
"She had published her first book by the time she was ten."
Nou itilize li tou *pou montre lòd de evènman ki sot pase yo.* Past pafè a montre aksyon an pi bonè ak sot pase senp aksyon an pita:
"When I got home I realized I had forgotten to buy groceries."
"Sadly, the author died before he'd finished the series."
Nou souvan itilize *deja, toujou, jis, tout tan, oswa pa janm* ak tansyon sa a.
"She was the most astonishing woman I had ever seen."
to scurry
kouri prese
By the time the storm hit, the mice had already scurried into their burrows.
to snuggle
blayi kò ansanm
The children had snuggled under the blankets before the power went out.
to neglect
neglije
She had neglected to water the plants for weeks, and they had all wilted.
By the time the final exam started, the sheer amount of material to review had already overwhelmed the students.
Lè egzamen final la te kòmanse, kantite matyè pou revize a te deja depase kapasite etidyan yo.
to testify
temwaye
The witness had testified in court before the new evidence was discovered.
Nou itilize *sot pase pafè kontinyèl* pou yon bagay ki *te kòmanse nan tan lontan e ki te kontinye jiska yon pwen bay nan tan:*
"When George died, he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years."
oswa pou yon bagay ki *te pase plizyè fwa anvan yon pwen nan tan lontan an epi ki kontinye apre pwen sa a:*
"He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager."
oswa lè lè n ap *rapòte eksperyans nou jiska yon pwen nan tan pase:*
"My thirtieth birthday was the worst day I had ever had."
ak jis tankou ak prezan pafè nou itilize *pou ak depi* ak pase pafè.
She had been working tirelessly for months, hoping that her efforts would eventually yield significant results.
Li te travay san pran souf pandan plizyè mwa, nan espwa ke efò l yo t ap fini pa bay bon rezilta.
to regard
konsidere
He had been regarding her with suspicion long before the truth came out.
to sneak
fofile
They had been sneaking out of the house every night to meet their friends.
to meddle
entèfere
She had been meddling in their affairs for months without their knowledge.
Koulye a, ann antre nan yon tansyon ki rele *fiti kontinyèl (ap / pa pral + -ing).*
Nou itilize li pou pale sou *aksyon fiti ki pral nan pwogrè nan yon moman espesifik nan tan kap vini an:*
"When you come home, I'll be boarding a plane."
Oswa yon bagay nou wè kòm *nouvo, diferan oswa tanporè:*
"Today we're taking the bus but next week we'll be taking the train."
to extort
chantaje
The corrupt officials will be extorting money from local businesses for protection.
to falter
ezite
The novice speaker will be faltering during his first big presentation.
to gauge
mezire
The scientist will be gauging the reactions of the participants in the experiment.
to grapple
lite ak
The team will be grappling with the complex problem throughout the week.
The construction on the main road will be hindering traffic flow for the next few weeks.
Konstriksyon sou gran wout la pral anpeche sikilasyon trafik la pandan kèk semèn k ap vini yo.
Pou tan kap vini an nou tou itilize *future perfect (will/w't have + past participle).* Yo itilize tansyon sa a lè nou pale sou yon bagay ki *pral fini anvan yon tan espesifik nan tan kap vini an.{
"Will you have gone to bed when I get back?"
Nou ka itilize fraz tankou* nan *oswa* nan lè a *(nan kèk pwen anvan),* nan *oswa* nan tan yon jou / nan tan de mwa / nan tan senk ane * (nan fen peryòd la) pou bay peryòd tan an nan. ki aksyon an pral fini.
"By the time I finish this course, I will have revised all English tenses."
"In three years' time, I'll have graduated from university."
to inhibit
anpeche
By the end of the year, the new regulations will have inhibited further development in the area.
to lack
manke
By the time the project is completed, we will have lacked the necessary resources to achieve the desired results.
to magnify
agrandi
The telescope will have magnified the distant stars, making them visible to the naked eye.
to laugh
ri
By the time the party is over, everyone will have laughed at the hilarious jokes and stories.
By the end of the year, the company will have abandoned its outdated policies in favor of more innovative practices.
Anvan fen ane a, konpayi an pral fin abandone politik demode li yo an favè pratik ki pi inovatè.
to outline
pou fè yon plan
By the end of the meeting, we will have outlined the entire project plan in detail.
Kounye a nou *revize tout tans angle yo.* Sepandan, nou pa te revize kijan pou konbine yo nan sèten sitiyasyon... *anba kèk kondisyon.*
Mwen devine ou ka wè ki kote mwen prale. Koulye a, nou pral revize *kondisyonèl* paske anpil moun fè erè nan yo.
Mwen parye ou pa vle pèdi pwen presye sa yo nan egzamen ou an pou ann travay!
Practice makes perfect!
Pratik fè pafè!
Nan lang angle, gen *4 kondisyonèl prensipal: zewo, premye, dezyèm ak twazyèm* ... epi answit gen tou *kondisyonèl melanje* , men ann revize sa yo 'fasil' an premye.
Kondisyonèl dekri *rezilta yon sèten kondisyon.* *Si kloz la* di ou *kondisyon* an ak *kloz prensipal* la di ou *rezilta a* .
"If you study hard, you will pass the exam."
Lòd paragraf yo pa chanje siyifikasyon an. Men, fè atansyon ak ponktiyasyon!
If I finish this course, I will be ready for the IELTS exam!
Si mwen fini kou sa a, m ap pare pou egzamen IELTS la!
Zewo kondisyonèl se jis *reyalite ki baze sou.* Gen *prezan senp* tansyon sou *tou de bò* :
"If you freeze water, it becomes solid."
*Fè atansyon ak ponktiyasyon!* Nou itilize li *apre* kloz if men pa anvan li!
"Water becomes solid if you freeze it."
to bestow
bay
If you consistently demonstrate excellence, the organization bestows awards upon you.
to betray
trayi
If you betray someone's trust, they do not forgive you easily.
You circumvent many common issues if you follow the proper guidelines.
Ou evite anpil pwoblèm komen si ou swiv direktiv ki kòrèk yo.
to confess
konfese
If you confess your mistakes, people appreciate your honesty.
to confine
limite
If you confine your creativity, you do not reach your full potential.
*Premye kondisyonèl* yo itilize pou *sitiyasyon pwochen nou kwè posib:*
"If it rains, we will stay at home."
*si/lè kloz + prezan senp, will + infinitif*
Ou kapab tou frape nan itilizasyon tankou *sof si, osi lontan ke, le pli vit ke,* oswa *nan ka* olye pou yo *si* .
"I'll leave as soon as Lucy arrives."
"I don't want to do it unless you treat me with respect."
"I will show you to the kitchen in case you get hungry."
"You can call my sister as long as you stay just friends."
to deplore
kondane
If the company implements unfair policies, employees will deplore the management's decisions.
to invoke
envoke
If the situation becomes dire, the leader will invoke emergency powers.
If you don't handle the machinery carefully, it might maim you.
Si ou pa manipile machin yo avèk prekosyon, li ka blese ou grav.
to grab
pran
If you see a good opportunity, you will grab it without hesitation.
*Dezyèm kondisyonèl* yo itilize pou sitiyasyon enposib ki *pa gen anpil chans rive:*
"If we moved to a bigger house, we could get another dog."
Estrikti: *si kloz + sot pase senp, ta + infinitif*
Lè *si se swiv pa vèb be* , li gramatikalman kòrèk pou itilize li jan *yo te* : "if I were, if she were."
Tankou sa a nou ka eksprime ke gen yon *posibilite anba sèten kondisyon* epi li soti nan Old Angle.
Sepandan, ou ka souvan itilize epi tande *si li te* epi li *kòrèk* tou.
"I wouldn't do that if I were you."
"If she was president, she would invest in education more."
"If he were a little nicer, I would consider him a good match."
If I were as nimble as a gymnast, I would join the acrobatics team.
Si m te ajil tankou yon jimnast, m t ap antre nan ekip akrobatik la.
to salivate
koule bave
If you placed a delicious meal in front of him, he would start to salivate instantly.
to staple
agrafe
If we ran out of staples, we would find it difficult to complete our reports efficiently.
to summarize
pou rezime
If we had more time, we could summarize the report in greater detail.
Kounye a li ap vin reyèl oswa petèt ... sureèl? Ann antre nan *twazyèm kondisyonèl* . Yo itilize li pou *imajine pase diferan* . Anjeneral lè nou *regrèt* yon bagay oswa nou ta renmen *chanje sot pase a* ...men li *pa posib* .
"If I had paid more attention, I wouldn't have to study as much."
Estrikti: *if + past perfect, would have + past participle*
If she had squeezed through the narrow gap, she would have reached the exit in time.
Si li te pase nan twou jis la, li t ap rive nan sòti a alè.
to suppress
siprime
If the government had suppressed the evidence, the truth would never have come to light.
to tweak
ajiste
If she had tweaked the formula slightly, the experiment might have been successful.
to digest
dijere
If I had properly digested all the information, I would have understood the topic better.
to evaluate
pou evalye
If we had evaluated the risks more thoroughly, we would have avoided the project's major setbacks.
Epi, koulye a 'boss final la'. Wi, ou te devine li... *kondisyonèl melanje* .
Nou ka sèvi ak yo lè nou imajine yon *chanjman sot pase ak yon rezilta nan prezan oswa yon chanjman prezan ak yon rezilta nan tan pase* .
Ou santi ou pa fè sans? Ann tcheke kèk egzanp:
"If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner."
Nan ka sa a nou imajine ki jan yon chanjman nan tan pase a ta lakòz prezan an.
Estrikti: *si + pase pafè, ta + infinitif*
"It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday."
Isit la oratè a eksplike kijan yon chanjman nan sitiyasyon aktyèl la ta enfliyanse chanjman nan tan lontan an.
Estrikti: *if + past simple, would have + past participle*
hawk
malfini
If he had studied ornithology, he would be able to identify that bird as a hawk now.
arduous
difisil
If she had not taken on such an arduous task, she would have more energy now.
If he had been more meticulous with his work, he would be enjoying a promotion right now.
Si li te pi metikile nan travay li, li t ap jwi yon pwomosyon kounye a.
If she were more proactive, her success would have been contingent on her hard work and dedication.
Si li te pi aktif, siksè li t ap depann de travay di ak detèminasyon li.
vibrant
enèjik
If she were more outgoing, she would have made a vibrant speech at the conference last week.
Sa a se *fen* kou sa a! Mwen espere ke sa a te ede ou!
*Bon chans ak IELTS ou!!!*
Break a leg!
Bon chans!
I have a big audition tomorrow." "Break a leg!