خولی ئامادەکاری بۆ تاقیکردنەوەی ئایەڵتسوشەکانی ئینگلیزی
by DuoCards
*Bi xêr hatin bo Kursa Serweriya IELTS!*
Em ê li ser *peyvên sereke, demên rêzimanê, serişte û hîleyan* ji bo puanên bilind biaxivin. Qurs bi *axaftin û nivîsandinê* dest pê dike, li ser *xeletiyên hevpar* disekine, dû re jî *nirxandina demên rêzimanê* û *peyvên nû tê.* Rêziman bi hêsanî dest pê dike û pêşdetir dibe.
*Werin em bi beşa axaftinê dest pê bikin.💭*
Wê wek axaftinekê bifikire - hewl bide ku rehet û xwezayî bimînî.
Çêtir e ku meriv ji bersivên jiberkirî dûr bisekine, wekî ku azmûnvan bi gelemperî dikarin bibînin.
Hewl bide ku her roj hinekî biaxivî, her çend tenê bi xwe re an jî bi AI-yekê re be jî - bi rastî jî ferqek çêdike!
Me çend hevokên kêrhatî berhev kirine ku hûn dikarin bikar bînin da ku hûn bêtir şareza xuya bikin. Tenê baldar bin ku hûn wan zêde bikar neynin - hevsengî girîng e.
*Şansa herî baş!*
Let's roll!
با دەست پێ بکەین!
When the movie was about to start, the director shouted, "Let's roll!
to kick things off
بۆ دەستپێکردنی شتەکان
To kick things off, I would like to introduce our guest speaker.
on the flip side
لە لایەکی ترەوە
I know that the weather is great for a picnic today, but on the flip side, it might be too hot for some people.
it goes without saying
پێویست بە وتن ناکات
It goes without saying that you should always wear a seatbelt while driving.
to sum up
بە کورتی
To summarize, the report highlights the key findings of our research and provides recommendations for future action.
to put it differently
بە واتایەکی تر
To put it differently, exercise is not just about physical health but also about mental well-being.
in a nutshell
بە کورتی
To put it in a nutshell, we need to work harder to achieve our goals.
to draw a parallel
بەراوردکردن
To draw a parallel, just as exercise strengthens the body, reading regularly strengthens the mind.
to play a crucial role in
ڕۆڵێکی سەرەکی گێڕان لە
Dedicated teachers play a crucial role in shaping the future of their students.
to put it simply
بە کورتی و پوختی
To put it simply, the project was a failure.
to delve deeper into this
بە قووڵی چوونە ناو ئەم بابەتە
To delve deeper into this, one must consider the long-term impacts of climate change on coastal communities.
Karê 1 bêtir *destpêk* e. Di peywira 2 de hûn hewce ne ku *raman* û dibe ku *hestên* xwe diyar bikin.
Ka em bibînin ka hûn dikarin kîjan hevokan bikar bînin:
in my opinion
بە بڕوای من
In my opinion, this movie is really good.
on one hand, on the other hand
لە لایەکەوە، لە لایەکی ترەوە
On one hand, online education offers flexibility and accessibility. On the other hand, it can lack the personal interaction that traditional classrooms provide.
I firmly believe that
من بە تەواوی بڕوام وایە کە
I firmly believe that investing in healthcare infrastructure is vital for the well-being of a nation.
as far as I'm concerned
تا ئەو شوێنەی پەیوەندی بە منەوە هەبێت
As far as I'm concerned, the best way to learn English is to practice speaking it every day.
for instance
بۆ نموونە
I like to do outdoor activities, for instance, hiking and camping.
an emerging trend is
ئاراستەیەکی نوێی سەرهەڵداو بریتییە لە
An emerging trend is the shift towards remote work, which has been accelerated by recent global events.
it's worth noting that
شایانی باسە کە
It's worth noting that bilingual individuals often have cognitive advantages over monolinguals.
striking a balance between
دروستکردنی هاوسەنگی لە نێوان
Striking a balance between work and leisure is essential for maintaining mental health and overall happiness.
Naha, di beşa 3 ya testa axaftinê de, hûn hewce ne ku *hûn li ser ramanên razber biaxivin* . Ji bo vê yekê hûn dikarin *ziman û îdyomên mecazî* bikar bînin da ku lêkolînerên xwe bandor bikin. Lê tenê yên ku hûn bi rastî dizanin bikar bînin, heke hûn xeletiyek bikin ew ê bêtir xalên jêbirin encam bide.
down in the dumps
زۆر دڵتەنگ و بێتاقەت
I've been feeling down in the dumps since I lost my job.
over the moon
زۆر دڵخۆش
I was over the moon when I found out I got the job.
lose track of time
ئاگای لە کات نەمان
I was so absorbed in my book that I lost track of time and missed my appointment.
look on the bright side
لە لایەنە گەشەکەیەوە سەیری بکە
I know you didn't get the job you wanted, but look on the bright side - you have a lot of experience now and can apply for other positions.
not my cup of tea
بە دڵی من نییە
I don't really like horror movies, they're not my cup of tea.
*Karê mezin!* Hûn peyvên herî gelemperî yên axaftinê fêr bûne.
Ji bo ku hûn li ser wê ava bikin, ez ê çend tiştên din jî bidim we da ku hûn *hevrêzî û jêhatîbûna danûstendina* we di hemî peywirên axaftinê de zêde bikin.
*Bawer bikin ku hûn bi qestî wan bikin heya ku ew bibe cewhera weya duyemîn ^^*
I couldn't agree more
تەواو هاوڕام لەگەڵت
I couldn't agree more. We need to work together to find a solution.
to wrap things up
بۆ کۆتایی پێهێنان
I'd like to thank everyone for coming today. To wrap things up, I just want to remind you of our next meeting date.
building on that
لەسەر ئەو بنەمایە
Building on that, we can see how technological advancements not only improve our daily lives but also open up new opportunities for innovation and growth in various industries.
to be well-off
دەستڕۆیشتوو بوون
My neighbor is well-off. He drives a luxury car and has a big house.
to be fed up
بێزار بوون
I'm fed up with this job. I need to find something new.
a hot potato
کێشەیەکی ئاڵۆز و هەستیار
The issue of gun control is a hot potato in the United States.
in my personal experience
بەپێی ئەزموونی کەسیی خۆم
In my personal experience, studying abroad has greatly enhanced my understanding of different cultures and improved my language skills.
in light of these considerations
لەبەر ڕۆشنایی ئەم سەرنجانەدا
In light of these considerations, it is clear that stricter environmental regulations are necessary to combat climate change effectively.
to twist someone's arm
قەناعەت بە کەسێک هێنان بە زۆر
She didn't want to go to the party, but her friends twisted her arm.
without a shadow of doubt
بێ هیچ گومانێک
Without a shadow of a doubt, investing in education is one of the best ways to ensure a prosperous future for our society.
Tiştek din, di axaftinê de pir girîng e ku meriv zimanê *hedging* bikar bîne.
Hûn dikarin îfadeyên hedging bikar bînin ku di axaftina xwe de *nezelaliyê îfade bikin* .
"It could be..."
"This might be..."
Hay ji îdia û daxuyaniyên tund ên derbarê mijarên hesas de bin. Hedgings bikar bînin da ku axaftina xwe xweştir û hesastir bikin.
It might well be that...
Dibe ku...
It might well be that the rise in remote work will lead to significant changes in how cities are designed in the future..
I am not sure but...
دڵنیا نیم بەڵام...
I am not sure but it seems that learning multiple languages can enhance cognitive abilities and cultural understanding.
As it seems that...
وەک ئەوەی وا دیارە کە...
As it seems that climate change is accelerating, urgent action from all nations is required to mitigate its effects.
It might look...
ڕەنگە وا دەربکەوێت...
It might look like a simple solution, but implementing renewable energy on a large scale involves complex planning and significant investment.
Naha divê em *di nivîsandinê de xeletiyên herî gelemperî* çareser bikin.
Di nivîsandinê de dibe ku hûn bi *grafikên bar* (grafîk, diagram û nexşe) re werin ku hûn neçar in ku rave bikin. Gelek kes nizanin ka çawa û bêkêmasî xalan winda dikin. *Ew ê ne tu bî!*
Li vir çend peyv hene ku ji we re dibe alîkar ku hûn karên xwe yên nivîsandinê derbas bikin.
pie chart
نەخشەی بازنەیی
A pie chart can be used to show the percentage of students in a class who prefer different types of music.
line graph
هێڵەدیاریک
The line graph depicts the changes in unemployment rates over the last decade.
bar graph
نەخشەی ستوونی
The bar graph shows the population of five countries in 2020.
bar chart
نەخشەی ستوونی
A bar chart comparing the sales of different products in a store.
to compare
بەراوردکردن
The data compare the performance of students in mathematics and science.
to imply
ئاماژە پێکردن
The results of the study imply that exercise can reduce stress.
to indicate
ئاماژە پێکردن
The data indicated a decrease in sales.
similar
هاوشێوە
The two graphs are very similar.
to illustrate
بۆ ڕوونکردنەوە
The graph illustrates the relationship between education level and income.
to depict
وێناکردن
The chart depicts the annual rainfall in different regions.
from the graph it is clear
لە ڕێگەی گرافەکەوە ڕوونە کە
From the graph, it is clear that the majority of respondents prefer digital over print media.
Tenê serişteyek: heke hûn dixwazin vê binivîsin: *%* bi peyvan.
Rêya rast *ji sedî* ye
per cent
لە سەدا
10 per cent increase
Hewl bidin ku di nivîsandina xwe de bi qasî ku pêkan *hevgirtî* bin. Ji bo her ramanek nû paragrafek nû dest pê bikin.
Her gav rastnivîsîn û rêzimanê xwe ducar kontrol bikin. Ji kerema xwe *pirsê bi tevahî bersiv* bikin. Li ser tiştên ku hûn dixwazin li ser binivîsin nenivîsin an tenê bi qismî bersiva pirsê bidin.
Li ser tiştê ku ji we tê xwestin binivîsin.
Ez ê *li ser xalbendiyê çend serişteyan* jî bidim we ji ber ku pir kes nizanin ka meriv wê çawa rast bikar bîne.
*Xalbendiya* Îngilîzî cuda ye û carinan ew *dikare jiyanan xilas bike!*
"Time to eat children. vs Time to eat, children."
Hûn dikarin bibînin ku ez li vir çi mebesta me?
Beriya axaftina rasterast jî em koman bikar tînin.
"She said, 'hurry up'!"
Her weha pêdivî ye ku em her gav li dû hevokên mîna lêbelê, lêbelê, rastgo, hwd.
however
لەگەڵ ئەوەشدا
She is very talented. However, she lacks confidence.
nevertheless
لەگەڵ ئەوەشدا
I know it's raining. Nevertheless, I'm going for a walk.
to be honest
ڕاستگۆ بین
To be honest, I didn't like the movie.
firstly
یەکەمجار
Firstly, I would like to thank everyone for coming today.
first of all
پێش هەموو شتێک
First of all, let's discuss the main issues we need to address.
moreover
سەرباری ئەوەش
The hotel has a great location. Moreover, the staff is very friendly.
furthermore
سەرباری ئەوەش
I don't think we should go out tonight. Furthermore, it's supposed to rain.
conversely
بەپێچەوانەوە
Some people believe that money brings happiness. Conversely, others believe that money can't buy happiness.
*Em dikarin lê ne hewce ne ku dema ku li ser bêtir tiştan dipeyivin comma bikar bînin* .
"I like Eva, Marina, and Nicol."vs "I love cats, dogs and horses."
Lêbelê, carinan *ew dikare hinekî tevlihev be* heke hûn commayê lê zêde nekin:
"I love my parents, Bill Gates and Pamela Anderson."
Mixabin, Bill Gates û Pamela Anderson ne dêûbavên min in. Ji ber vê yekê, çêtir e ku di navbera wan de jî comma bikar bînin.
to adhere
پێوەنووسان
The tape adheres well to the wall.
antiquity
سەردەمی کۆن
In antiquity, people relied on natural remedies and herbs for healing before the advent of modern medicine.
conscious
بەهۆش
She was conscious throughout the surgery.
faulty
خراپ
The engineer inspected the machine and found several issues: a faulty valve, a broken circuit, and a worn-out gear.
Pirsa dawî: *Dema ku meriv di navbera rengdêran de cumma bikar bîne?*
Ger em dikarin bikar bînin *û* li şûna wê, em di navbera rengdêran de kommasan bikar tînin:
"He is a nice and friendly man"-> "He is nice, friendly man."
Lê, *heke em nikaribin û di navbera wan de bikar bînin, wê hingê tîrêj tune* :
"I adore delicious French croissants."
Li vir ne wate ye ku meriv croissants xweş û fransî bêje.
scrumptious
tamxweş
She cooked a scrumptious meal for us.
to purchase something
شتێک کڕین
I need to purchase some new clothes for the party.
previous
پێشوو
The previous owner of the house left some furniture behind.
to attend
ئامادەبوون
I will attend the school meeting tomorrow.
*Bi gelemperî, li pêş lê/û kêşan bikar neynin.*
"I want to swim in the ocean but I am terrified of sharks."
Lê *ji bo ku hûn dixwazin rawestînin* em dikarin comma bikar bînin. Di vê rewşê de, hûn hewce ne ku li ser bingeha têgihîştina xwe fêhm bikin ku hûn li ku derê comma deynin.
"My best friend loves snakes, but not all of my friends like them."
*Dema ku em mijara hevokê diguherînin* jî em kommayê bikar tînin:
"My teacher is very strict sometimes, but that's what I like about her."
Di heman demê de, heke hûn *bi ravekek jêrîn dest pê bikin* , hûn jî hewce ne ku comma bikar bînin, lê me berê di şertan de li ser wê axivî.
"If you have time, call me."
to elucidate
ڕوونکردنەوە
Could you please elucidate your point? I'm not sure I understand.
to lament
شیوەن کردن
He sat alone in his room, lamenting his decision to drop out of college.
inexhorable
بێبەزەیی
The inexorable rise of global temperatures highlights the urgent need for action on climate change.
ephemeral
کاتی
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
*Pîroz be! We ew di beşa pratîkî de derbas kiriye. Niha dema rêzimanê ye!*
Em ê *bi îroyîn sade* dest pê bikin, ew rêzimana herî bingehîn e, lê hîn hînkarên Englishngilîzî yên pêşkeftî jî dîsa *di kesê 3-emîn yekjimar an di pirsan de xeletiyan* dikin, ji kerema xwe biceribînin ku bi kêmanî piçekî ji nû ve sererast bikin.
Em niha hêsan bikar tînin ji bo:
tiştên ku *di dema niha de rast in* : "I like ice cream"
tiştek ku *bi rêkûpêk* diqewime: "I play tennis every Sunday"
tiştekî ku *herdem rast e* : "Water boils at 100 degrees"
to suffer
ئازار چێشتن
He suffers from anxiety and depression.
The consistent increase in urban population density significantly enhances the demand for public transportation infrastructure.
زیادبوونی بەردەوامی چڕیی دانیشتووانی شارەکان بە شێوەیەکی بەرچاو داواکاری لەسەر ژێرخانی گواستنەوەی گشتی زیاد دەکات.
to not mind doing something
کێشەم نییە کارێک بکەم
I don't mind walking in the dark. I am not scared.
to research
لێکۆڵینەوە کردن
I need to do some research for my history paper.
to be keen on
حەز لێ بوون
She is keen on learning new languages.
unless
مەگەر
I won't go to the party unless my friend comes with me.
*Hay ji kesê 3yemîn yekjimar hebe!* Ger hûn wiya winda bikin dê îmtîhan pûanan derxînin.
ew, ew, ew - hez dike, dixwaze, dike...
Dema ku em behsa heywanan dikin, em bikar tînin.
Em dikarin zayenda xwe bi heywanan re bi kar bînin tenê eger têkiliyek me ya baş bi wan re hebe. "My dog is called Miky, I love him!"
Bi pir kesan re haydar bin "My mother and I are ...":
The advanced coating effectively shields the spacecraft from harmful cosmic radiation.
پۆشەرە پێشکەوتووەکە بە شێوەیەکی کاریگەر کەشتییە ئاسمانییەکە لە تیشکە گەردوونییە زیانبەخشەکان دەپارێزێت.
to rotate
سووڕانەوە
The Earth rotates on its axis.
John and I are orphans.
من و جۆن بێسەرپەرشتین.
to reflect
ڕەنگدانەوە
His behaviour reflects his true self.
to alleviate
کەمکردنەوە
The new policy alleviates the financial burden on low-income families.
*Pirs:*
Em di pirsan de *do/do* bikar tînin: "Do you play the piano? Does she like him?"
Em wê *bi peyvên pirsê re* jî bikar tînin: "Where do Anjela and Rita work? What time does he finish?"
*LEBÊ! Pirsên ku bi kê re bikar naynin dikin/dikin* : "Who lives in London? Who plays football?"
species
جۆر
Why do scientists classify different species of plants and animals?
What type of insecticide is most effective against aphids?
چ جۆرە مێرووکوژێک کاریگەرترینە دژی مێرووی ئەسپێی ڕووەک؟
vast
بەرفراوان
What makes the Sahara Desert such a vast and inhospitable region?
swarm
ref
What role does communication play in the behavior of a swarm?
proliferation
پەرەسەندن
How does the proliferation of technology impact our daily lives?
to refute
بەدرۆخستنەوە
How do you refute the claim that renewable energy sources are too costly to implement?
*Neyînî:*
Di axaftinê de em dikarin girêbestan bi kar bînin; Lêbelê, *di e-name an nivîsarên fermî de, divê em forma dirêj bikar bînin.*
neke (forma dirêj) = neke (forma kurt): "I don't like fast food."
nake = nake "She doesn't want to come.":
to rival
ڕکابەری کردن
The new technology does not rival the efficiency of traditional methods.
to amplify
بەهێزکردن
The small speaker doesn't amplify the sound enough for the large room.
male
نێر
He does not exhibit the typical characteristics associated with male behavior in the species.
ostentatious
خۆدەرخەر
He doesn't appreciate people who are ostentatious in their behavior.
Ka em bi *berdewamiya heyî berdewam bikin!*
Ji me re her dem rayeka lêkera *be û -ing* li dawiya lêkerê lazim e.
Em wê bikar tînin ku li ser biaxivin:
Çalakiyên *di dema axaftinê de pêk tên.*
to generate
بۆ بەرهەمهێنان
The wind turbines are currently generating renewable energy for the entire region.
to become
بوون
The company is becoming a leader in renewable energy.
to outlast
زیاتر مانەوە
He is outlasting all his competitors in the marathon.
ubiquitous
لە هەموو شوێنێک بڵاو
Smartphones are becoming ubiquitous, changing the way we communicate.
Lê em ji bo *plan û aranjmanên pêşerojê jî domdariya heyî bikar tînin.*
Dema ku em dizanin ku tiştek *di pêşerojê de '100% plankirî' ye.*
Kesek dibêje 90%, kesek 99%...Ez diwêrim 100% bêjim heya ku tiştek trajîk çênebe.
to hunt
ڕاوکردن
They are going hunting next weekend.
Next week we are preparing survival kits for the camping trip.
هەفتەی داهاتوو جانتای فریاگوزاری بۆ گەشتە کەمپینگەکە ئامادە دەکەین.
to harm
زیان گەیاندن
She is advocating for policies that prevent chemicals from harming the environment.
among
لە نێوان
Tensions are rising among the team members as the deadline approaches.
*Em bi lêkerên rawestî yên domdar bi kar naynin.*
Lêkerên rawestî yên raman û hestê: "believe, dislike, know, like, love, hate, prefer, realise, recognize, remember, suppose, think (believe), understand, want, and wish"
Lêkerên rawestî yên hestan: "appear, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste"
Û lêkerên din ên statîfî "agree, be, belong, disagree, need, owe, own, possess?":
to prefer
پێ باشتر بوون
She prefers tea to coffee.
to suppose
وا دابنێ
I suppose we should leave now to avoid the traffic.
to owe
قەرزدار بوون
I owe you an explanation for my behavior.
to belong
سەر بە بوون
These books belong to the library.
Em her weha domdar bikar tînin da ku li ser tiştek ku *berî û piştî demek taybetî diqewime biaxivin:*
"At eight o'clock we are usually having breakfast."
Bi tiştek ku *em difikirin demkî ye.*
"Michael is at university. He's studying history."
Bi tiştekî ku *nû ye û bi rewşek berê re berevajî ye.*
"These days most people are using email instead of writing letters."
Bi tiştekî ku *diguhere, mezin dibe an pêş dikeve.*
"The children are growing up quickly."
Michael is at university. He's studying history.
مایکل لە زانکۆیە. ئەو مێژوو دەخوێنێت.
to roar
نەڕاندن
The crowd is roaring with excitement as the concert begins.
gullible
ساویلکە
Even before the seminar, people are becoming more gullible, falling for obvious scams.
to persuade
قایلکردن
I am working hard to persuade the committee before the deadline next Friday.
Berdewamiya niha jî bi tiştekî ku *dîsa û dîsa diqewime tê bikar anîn (bi piranî bi wateya neyînî - em bi gelemperî 'herdem' bikar tînin):*
"It's always raining in London."
He is always nitpicking at her and they are always arguing.
ئەو هەمیشە بەدوای کەمکوڕییەکانیدا دەگەڕێت و بەردەوام دەمەقاڵێیانە.
to inundate
لافاو هەستان
She is always inundating us with unnecessary emails.
conundrum
مەتەڵ
He always finds himself facing the same conundrum of choosing between his career and personal life.
to adapt
خۆگونجاندن
We are always adapting our strategies to keep up with the rapidly changing market trends..
Em dikarin niha domdar bikar bînin da ku *li ser paşerojê biaxivin* dema ku em in:
*Çîrokek an jî kurtkirina pirtûkek, fîlm an lîstikek.*
The other day I'm just walking down the street when suddenly this man comes up to me and asks me to lend him some money.
پێش چەند ڕۆژێک هەر بە شەقامەکەدا دەڕۆیشتم، لەپڕ پیاوێک هاتە پێشم و داوای لێکردم هەندێک پارەی بە قەرز بدەمێ.
Well, he's carrying a big stick and he looks a bit dangerous, so I'm wondering what to do …
وەڵا، دارێکی گەورەی بەدەستەوەیە و کەمێک مەترسیدار دیارە، بۆیە بیر دەکەمەوە چی بکەم...
Harry Potter is a pupil at Hogwarts school. One day when he is playing Quidditch he sees a strange object in the sky. He wonders what is happening …
هاری پۆتەر قوتابییە لە قوتابخانەی هۆگوارتس. ڕۆژێکیان کاتێک خەریکی یاری کویدیتچە، تەنێکی سەیر لە ئاسماندا دەبینێت. لای سەیرە و دەپرسێت چی ڕوودەدات...
Niha dema niha ya *bêkêmasî ye!*
Em wê bi *kirde + hebûn/hebûn + rayeka raborî dinirxînin.*
"I have intoruduced myself."
Em wê bikar tînin da ku li ser tiştên ku *di paşerojê de qewimîn biaxivin lê bandorê li ser heyî dikin* û dibe ku, di pêşerojê de bidomînin.
I have never caught a glimpse of that.
من هەرگیز چاوم بەوە نەکەوتووە.
They have been pronounced husband and wife.
وەک ژن و مێرد ڕاگەیەندران.
I have had my share of ups and downs.
من گەلەک خۆشی و ناخۆشی دیتینە.
I've just published this research I've carried out.
ئەم توێژینەوەیەم کە ئەنجامم دابوو، هەر ئێستا بڵاوم کردەوە.
I haven't given up on him yet.
هێشتا بێئومێد نەبووم لێی.
Ka em li *cûdahiya di navbera çûn û hatinê de binêrin:*
gone to = kes hîn dûr e
bûyî = kesê ji wî cihî xwedî tecrûbe ye lê berê vegeriyaye"
She has gone to Belgium. She should return in December.
Ew çûye Belçîkayê. Divê di meha Berfanbarê de vegere.
He has been to many exquisite places.
Ew li gelek cihên nazik û delal geriyaye.
voracious
چاوبرسی
She has been to several book fairs, driven by her voracious appetite for reading.
to suggest
پێشنیارکردن
I suggest we go to the new Italian restaurant downtown; I've been to it once, and the food was amazing.
Naha bijareya herkesî *ya bêkêmasî ya domdar.*
Em wê bi bikaranîna *babet + hebûn/hatin + -ing* ava dikin
Em bi gelemperî vê yekê bikar tînin da ku em rave bikin ku tiştek *hîn di heyamê de berdewam dike.*
Em bi vê tewanga rêzimanî tenê lêkerên dînamîk bikar tînin.
She has been living in whimsical Africa since 1995.
ئەو لە ساڵی ١٩٩٥ەوە لە ئەفریقای پڕ لە سەرسوڕمان دەژی.
I have been painting on this canvas all morning.
من هەموو بەیانییەکە خەریکی وێنەکێشان بووم لەسەر ئەم تابلۆیە.
She is all sweaty. She has been climbing that oak tree.
ئەو تەواو ئارەقەی کردووە. خەریکی سەرکەوتن بووە بەسەر ئەو دار بەڕووەدا.
They have been cutting down these damaged pine trees.
ئەم دارە سنەوبەرە زیانلێکەوتووانە دەبڕدرێنەوە.
Bi awayê, *em dikarin niha ji bo pêşerojê jî bêkêmasî bikar bînin.*
Li cihê ku em ê bi gelemperî niha sade bikar bînin, hûn dikarin jêhatîbûna xweya îngilîzî ya mezin nîşan bidin û li şûna vê yekê bêkêmasî bikar bînin:
"We will begin when everyone arrives."
vs
"We will gegin when everyone has arrived."
I'll keep on looking until I have found my book.
بەردەوام دەبم لە گەڕان تا ئەو کاتەی کتێبەکەم دەدۆزمەوە.
I will not stop until I have become the best leader.
ناوەستم تاوەکو نەبمە باشترین سەرکردە.
ineffable
وەسفناکراو
By the time they finish the project, the team will have created an ineffable masterpiece.
resilient
خۆڕاگر
By next year, she will have become even more resilient in handling challenges.
anticipate
پێشبینیکردن
By the time the project is completed, we will have anticipated all potential challenges and addressed them accordingly.
Me demên dema niha kontrol kiriye, naha dema *dema borî ya hêsan e.* Em wê bikar tînin ku li ser biaxivin:
- Tiştek ku *berê qewimî* - "I crashed my car into a bridge last week."
- Tiştek ku *berê çend caran qewimî* - "I made jokes about him each time I saw him."
- Tiştek ku *ji bo demek berê rast bû* - "I lacked motivation for my exam, that's why it took me 3 attempts."
- em di paşerojê de îfadeya *berê* bikar tînin - "I met my wife 30 years ago."
Di dema borî ya sade de em bi gelemperî *-ed li lêkeran* zêde dikin. Lê *lêkerên nerêkûpêk* hene ku ji bo serweriyê hewceyê demek zêde ne.
Ka em bi yên ku di her sê awayan de ji hev cuda ne dest pê bikin:
to bear (bore, borne)
بەرگەگرتن
to blow (blew, blown)
فوو لێکردن
The strong wind blew the papers off the table.
to be (was/were, been)
بوون
She was the top performer in last night's talent show.
to shake (shook, shaken)
لەرزین
She shook the rug to remove the dust.
to shrink (shrank, shrunk)
گرژبوونەوە
The sweater shrank in the wash, so now it's too small for me to wear.
to tear (tore, torn)
دڕاندن
I accidentally tore my shirt on a nail.
Niha em çend nimûneyan ji wan *lêkerên nerêkûpêk ên bi heman formên dema borî û dema borî bidin:*
to creep (crept, crept)
خزین (خزی، خزی)
I crept up the stairs so as not to wake the baby.
to cling (clung, clung)
دەست پێوە گرتن
The child clung to his mother's hand as they walked through the crowded mall.
to mean (meant, meant)
مەبەست بوون
I meant to call you yesterday, but I got busy with work.
to seek (sought, sought)
گەڕان
She sought help from her friends.
to spin (span/spun, spun)
سووڕانەوە
The dancer spun gracefully across the stage during her performance.
to sting (stung, stung)
پێوەدان (پێوەی دا، پێوەی داوە)
The bee stung him on the arm while he was gardening.
to breed (bred, bred)
بۆ زاوزێکردن
The farmers bred the cattle for increased milk production.
to light (lit, lit)
داگیرساندن
She lit the candles before the guests arrived.
to sweep (swept, swept)
ماڵین
She swept the leaves from the driveway.
to shoot (shot, shot)
تەقەکردن
The basketball player shot the ball into the hoop.
Hingê em jî her *3 formên neguherî hene:.*
to upset (upset, upset)
تێکدان (تێکچوو، تێکچووە)
The news upset him deeply, leaving him in a somber mood all day.
to bid (bid, bid)
ماڵئاوایی کردن
She bid farewell to her friends as she left for her new job abroad.
Û gelek kes rayeka dema borî û rayeka lêkeran *lie (derew kirin), lie (li ser rûyekî) û lay (lêxistin) tevlihev dikin:*
to lie (lied, lied)
درۆ کردن
He lied about his whereabouts to avoid getting into trouble.
to lie on a surface (lay, lain)
لەسەر ڕوویەک پاڵکەوتن
The cat lay on the sunny windowsill all afternoon.
to lay (laid, laid)
دانان
She laid the baby down in the crib.
Pir kes ji bîr dikin ku em dikarin dema borî ya hêsan bikar bînin dema ku di hîpotezan de behsa niha an pêşerojê dikin (gava hûn tiştek xeyal dikin)
"Imagine you won the lottery. What would you do?"
Imagine you encountered an ancient artifact. How perplexed would you be by its origins?
وێنای ئەوە بکە کە ڕووبەڕووی شوێنەوارێکی کۆن بوویتەتەوە. تا چەند سەرت لێ دەشێوێت سەبارەت بە ڕەچەڵەکەکەی؟
Naha em ê li ser tewanek ku pir bi gelemperî nayê bikar anîn firçe bikin. Lê ew pir caran di ceribandinan de ye û hûn dikarin di jiyana rast de jî têkevin!
Em *dema borî ya sade (hebûn + paşgira borî)* bikar tînin da ku *di dema borî de heya xalek diyarkirî biaxivin:*
"She had published her first book by the time she was ten."
Em jî wê bikar tînin *da ku rêza du bûyerên berê nîşan bidin.* Rabirdûya bêkêmasî çalakiya berê û paşeroja hêsan çalakiya paşîn nîşan dide:
"When I got home I realized I had forgotten to buy groceries."
"Sadly, the author died before he'd finished the series."
Em pir caran bi vê tewangê *jixwe, hê jî, tenê, her dem, an jî qet* bikar tînin.
"She was the most astonishing woman I had ever seen."
to scurry
بە پەلە ڕۆیشتن
By the time the storm hit, the mice had already scurried into their burrows.
to snuggle
خۆ گوشین لە باوەش
The children had snuggled under the blankets before the power went out.
to neglect
پشتگوێخستن
She had neglected to water the plants for weeks, and they had all wilted.
By the time the final exam started, the sheer amount of material to review had already overwhelmed the students.
کاتێک تاقیکردنەوەی کۆتایی دەستی پێکرد، بڕی ئەو بابەتانەی کە پێویست بوو پێداچوونەوەیان بۆ بکرێت ئەوەندە زۆر بوو کە پێشتر خوێندکارەکانی شەکەت کردبوو.
to testify
شایەتیدان
The witness had testified in court before the new evidence was discovered.
Em ji bo tiştek ku *di paşerojê de dest pê kir û heya xalek diyarkirî berdewam kir,* *berdewamiya paşîn ya bêkêmasî* bikar tînin:
"When George died, he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years."
an jî ji bo tiştek ku *çend caran berî xalek berê qewimî û piştî wê xalê berdewam kir:*
"He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager."
an dema ku em *serpêhatiya xwe heya xalek berê radigihînin:*
"My thirtieth birthday was the worst day I had ever had."
û mîna dema niha ya bêkêmasî em *ji bo û ji ber ku* bi rabirdûya kamil re bikar tînin.
She had been working tirelessly for months, hoping that her efforts would eventually yield significant results.
ئەو چەندین مانگ بوو بێوچان کاری دەکرد، بەو هیوایەی کە دواجار هەوڵەکانی ئەنجامێکی بەرچاو بدەن بەدەستەوە.
to regard
سەیرکردن
He had been regarding her with suspicion long before the truth came out.
to sneak
بە دزییەوە ڕۆیشتن
They had been sneaking out of the house every night to meet their friends.
to meddle
دەستوەردان
She had been meddling in their affairs for months without their knowledge.
Naha em bikevin raweyek ku jê re tê gotin *domdar (dê/ê + -ing) be.*
Em wê bikar tînin da ku li ser *kiryarên pêşerojê yên ku dê di demek diyarkirî de di pêşerojê de pêşve bibin biaxivin:*
"When you come home, I'll be boarding a plane."
An jî tiştek ku em *nû, cûda an demkî dibînin:*
"Today we're taking the bus but next week we'll be taking the train."
to extort
سەرهەق لێ سەندن
The corrupt officials will be extorting money from local businesses for protection.
to falter
دوودڵ بوون
The novice speaker will be faltering during his first big presentation.
to gauge
پێوانەکردن
The scientist will be gauging the reactions of the participants in the experiment.
to grapple
دەستەویەخە بوون
The team will be grappling with the complex problem throughout the week.
The construction on the main road will be hindering traffic flow for the next few weeks.
کارکردنی بیناسازی لەسەر ڕێگا سەرەکییەکە بۆ چەند هەفتەی داهاتوو دەبێتە ڕێگر لەبەردەم هاتوچۆی ئۆتۆمبێلەکان.
Ji bo paşerojê jî em *pêşeroja bêkêmasî (dê/nebin + paşgira borî) bikar tînin.* Ev tewang dema ku em qala tiştekî bikin ku *dê di paşerojê de berî demek diyar temam bibe tê bikaranîn.{
"Will you have gone to bed when I get back?"
Em dikarin biwêjên wek* by *an* by time *(li demek berê),* di *an* di rojekê de / di nav du mehan de / di pênc salan de * (di dawiya heyamê de) bikar bînin da ku dema xwe bidin ku çalakî dê biqede.
"By the time I finish this course, I will have revised all English tenses."
"In three years' time, I'll have graduated from university."
to inhibit
ڕێگری لێکردن
By the end of the year, the new regulations will have inhibited further development in the area.
to lack
کەمیی هەبوون
By the time the project is completed, we will have lacked the necessary resources to achieve the desired results.
to magnify
گەورەکردن
The telescope will have magnified the distant stars, making them visible to the naked eye.
to laugh
پێکەنین
By the time the party is over, everyone will have laughed at the hilarious jokes and stories.
By the end of the year, the company will have abandoned its outdated policies in favor of more innovative practices.
تا کۆتایی ساڵ، کۆمپانیاکە دەستبەرداری سیاسەتە کۆنەکانی دەبێت لە بەرژەوەندی پراکتیزە داهێنەرەکاندا.
to outline
بۆ کێشانی هێڵکاری
By the end of the meeting, we will have outlined the entire project plan in detail.
Me niha *hemû tewangên inglîzî revîze kir.* Lêbelê, me ji nû ve nekiriye ka meriv wan di hin rewşan de çawa berhev dike ... *di hin mercan de.*
Ez texmîn dikim ku hûn dikarin bibînin ku ez diçim ku derê. Naha em ê *şertan* ji nû ve sererast bikin ji ber ku gelek kes di wan de xeletiyan dikin.
Ez bet dikim ku hûn naxwazin wan xalên hêja di azmûna xwe de winda bikin, ji ber vê yekê werin em dest bi xebatê bikin!
Practice makes perfect!
ڕاهێنان دەبێتە هۆی بێخەوشی!
Di Îngilîzî de *4 şertên sereke hene: sifir, yekem, duyemîn û sêyem* ... û paşê *şertên tevlihev* jî hene, lê em pêşî wan yên 'hêsan' ji nû ve bikin.
Şert *encama şertek diyar dike.* Daxuyana *heke* *şertê* ji we re vedibêje û *xala sereke jî* *encamê* ji we re vedibêje.
"If you study hard, you will pass the exam."
Rêzkirina bendan wateyê naguhere. Lê hay ji xalbendiyê hebin!
If I finish this course, I will be ready for the IELTS exam!
ئەگەر ئەم کۆرسە تەواو بکەم، ئامادە دەبم بۆ تاقیکردنەوەی ئایڵتس!
Zero şert tenê *bingeha rastiyê ye.* *Di her du aliyan* de dema *niha ya sade* heye:
"If you freeze water, it becomes solid."
*Hay ji xalbendiyê hebin!* Em wê *piştî* ger bend bikar tînin lê ne berî wê!
"Water becomes solid if you freeze it."
to bestow
بەخشین
If you consistently demonstrate excellence, the organization bestows awards upon you.
to betray
خەیانەت کردن
If you betray someone's trust, they do not forgive you easily.
You circumvent many common issues if you follow the proper guidelines.
ئەگەر ڕێنماییە دروستەکان پەیڕەو بکەیت، لە زۆر کێشەی باو دوور دەکەویتەوە.
to confess
دانپێدان
If you confess your mistakes, people appreciate your honesty.
to confine
بەرتەسککردنەوە
If you confine your creativity, you do not reach your full potential.
*Şertê yekem* ji bo *rewşên pêşerojê yên ku em bawer dikin ku mimkun in tê bikar anîn:*
"If it rains, we will stay at home."
*eger/dema bend + niha sade, dê + nebinavkirî*
Di heman demê de hûn dikarin bi karanîna wekî *heke, heya ku, zû,* an jî *di dewsa* *heke* .
"I'll leave as soon as Lucy arrives."
"I don't want to do it unless you treat me with respect."
"I will show you to the kitchen in case you get hungry."
"You can call my sister as long as you stay just friends."
to deplore
شەرمەزارکردن
If the company implements unfair policies, employees will deplore the management's decisions.
to invoke
بانگکردن
If the situation becomes dire, the leader will invoke emergency powers.
If you don't handle the machinery carefully, it might maim you.
ئەگەر بە وریایییەوە مامەڵە لەگەڵ ئامێرەکەدا نەکەیت، ڕەنگە کەمئەندامت بکات.
to grab
گرتن
If you see a good opportunity, you will grab it without hesitation.
*Şertê duyemîn* ji bo rewşên ne gengaz ên ku *ne gengaz e ku çêbibin tê bikar anîn:*
"If we moved to a bigger house, we could get another dog."
Struktur: *heke rist + rabirdûya sade, dê + bêdawî*
Dema *ku heke li dû lêkera be be* , ji hêla rêzimanî ve rast e ku meriv wê wekî *ku bû* bikar bîne: "if I were, if she were."
Bi vî rengî em dikarin diyar bikin ku *di bin şert û mercan de îhtîmalek* heye û ew ji Englishngilîziya Kevin tê.
Lêbelê, hûn dikarin bi gelemperî bikar bînin û bibihîzin *ka ew / ew bû* û ew jî *rast* e.
"I wouldn't do that if I were you."
"If she was president, she would invest in education more."
"If he were a little nicer, I would consider him a good match."
If I were as nimble as a gymnast, I would join the acrobatics team.
ئەگەر وەک وەرزشوانێکی جیمناستیک چالاک بوومایە، دەچوومە ناو تیمی ئەکرۆباتیک.
to salivate
لیک هاتنە خوارێ
If you placed a delicious meal in front of him, he would start to salivate instantly.
to staple
تەقەڵ لێدان
If we ran out of staples, we would find it difficult to complete our reports efficiently.
to summarize
بۆ کورتکردنەوە
If we had more time, we could summarize the report in greater detail.
Naha ew rast dibe an dibe ku ... surreal? Ka em bikevin *şertê sêyemîn* . Ew ji bo *xeyalkirina paşeroja cûda* tê bikar anîn. Bi gelemperî gava em ji tiştekî *poşman dibin* an jî dixwazin *paşerojê biguherînin* ... lê *ne mimkûn* e.
"If I had paid more attention, I wouldn't have to study as much."
Struktur: *heke + rabirdûya bêkêmasî, dê + paşgira borî hebe*
If she had squeezed through the narrow gap, she would have reached the exit in time.
ئەگەر ئەو بە ناو ئەو کەلێنە تەسکەدا تێپەڕیبایە، لە کاتی خۆیدا دەگەیشتە دەرچەکە.
to suppress
سەرکوتکردن
If the government had suppressed the evidence, the truth would never have come to light.
to tweak
دەستکارییەکی ورد کردن
If she had tweaked the formula slightly, the experiment might have been successful.
to digest
هەرسکردن
If I had properly digested all the information, I would have understood the topic better.
to evaluate
بۆ هەڵسەنگاندن
If we had evaluated the risks more thoroughly, we would have avoided the project's major setbacks.
Û niha 'şefê dawî'. Erê, we ew texmîn kir... *şertên tevlihev* .
Em dikarin wan bikar bînin dema ku em *guherînek raborî bi encamek di dema niha de an guheztinek nuha bi encamek di paşerojê de xeyal bikin* .
Ma hûn hîs dikin ku ew ne wate ye? Ka em çend mînakan bişopînin:
"If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner."
Di vê rewşê de em xeyal dikin ka guhertinek di paşerojê de dê çawa di dema niha de encam bide.
Struktur: *eger + rabirdûya kamil, dê + bêdawî*
"It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday."
Li vir axaftvan diyar dike ka guhertinek di rewşa heyî de dê bandorek çawa li ser guhertina berê bike.
Struktur: *eger + rabirdûya sade, dê + paşgira borî hebe*
hawk
باشوور
If he had studied ornithology, he would be able to identify that bird as a hawk now.
arduous
دژوار
If she had not taken on such an arduous task, she would have more energy now.
If he had been more meticulous with his work, he would be enjoying a promotion right now.
ئەگەر لە کارەکەیدا وردتر بوایە، ئێستا چێژی لە پلەبەرزکردنەوە دەبینی.
If she were more proactive, her success would have been contingent on her hard work and dedication.
ئەگەر ئەو چالاکتر بوایە، سەرکەوتنی بەند دەبوو بە کارکردنی سەخت و دڵسۆزییەکەیەوە.
vibrant
پڕوزە
If she were more outgoing, she would have made a vibrant speech at the conference last week.
Ev *dawiya* vê qursê ye! Ez hêvî dikim ku ev alîkariya we kir!
*Serkeftin bi IELTS-a we re!!!*
Break a leg!
Serkeftî be!
I have a big audition tomorrow." "Break a leg!