IELTS - Kursus persediaanPerkataan bahasa Inggeris
by DuoCards
*Selamat datang ke Kursus Penguasaan IELTS!*
Kami akan merangkumi *perbendaharaan kata utama, kala tatabahasa, petua dan helah* untuk skor tinggi. Kursus ini dimulakan dengan *bertutur dan menulis* , memfokuskan pada *kesilapan biasa* , diikuti dengan *semakan kala* dan *perbendaharaan kata baharu.* Tatabahasa bermula dengan mudah dan menjadi lebih maju.
*Mari mulakan dengan bahagian bercakap.ðŸ’*
Anggap ia sebagai perbualan - cuba kekal santai dan semula jadi.
Adalah lebih baik untuk mengelakkan jawapan yang dihafal, kerana pemeriksa biasanya boleh memberitahu.
Cuba bercakap sedikit setiap hari, walaupun hanya dengan diri sendiri atau AI - ia benar-benar membuat perbezaan!
Kami telah mengumpulkan beberapa frasa berguna yang boleh anda gunakan untuk berbunyi lebih lancar. Hanya berhati-hati untuk tidak menggunakannya secara berlebihan - keseimbangan adalah kunci.
*Semoga berjaya!*
Let's roll!
Mari kita mulakan!
When the movie was about to start, the director shouted, "Let's roll!
to kick things off
untuk memulakan sesuatu
To kick things off, I would like to introduce our guest speaker.
on the flip side
sebaliknya
I know that the weather is great for a picnic today, but on the flip side, it might be too hot for some people.
it goes without saying
sudah semestinya
It goes without saying that you should always wear a seatbelt while driving.
to sum up
kesimpulannya
To summarize, the report highlights the key findings of our research and provides recommendations for future action.
to put it differently
dengan kata lain
To put it differently, exercise is not just about physical health but also about mental well-being.
in a nutshell
secara ringkas
To put it in a nutshell, we need to work harder to achieve our goals.
to draw a parallel
membuat perbandingan yang setara
To draw a parallel, just as exercise strengthens the body, reading regularly strengthens the mind.
to play a crucial role in
memainkan peranan penting dalam
Dedicated teachers play a crucial role in shaping the future of their students.
to put it simply
secara ringkasnya
To put it simply, the project was a failure.
to delve deeper into this
untuk mendalami perkara ini dengan lebih lanjut
To delve deeper into this, one must consider the long-term impacts of climate change on coastal communities.
Tugasan 1 lebih *bersifat pengenalan* . Dalam tugasan 2 anda perlu *meluahkan fikiran* dan mungkin *perasaan* anda.
Mari lihat frasa yang anda boleh gunakan:
in my opinion
pada pendapat saya
In my opinion, this movie is really good.
on one hand, on the other hand
di satu pihak, di pihak yang lain
On one hand, online education offers flexibility and accessibility. On the other hand, it can lack the personal interaction that traditional classrooms provide.
I firmly believe that
Saya amat percaya bahawa
I firmly believe that investing in healthcare infrastructure is vital for the well-being of a nation.
as far as I'm concerned
bagi saya
As far as I'm concerned, the best way to learn English is to practice speaking it every day.
for instance
sebagai contoh
I like to do outdoor activities, for instance, hiking and camping.
an emerging trend is
trend yang sedang meningkat naik adalah
An emerging trend is the shift towards remote work, which has been accelerated by recent global events.
it's worth noting that
perlu diperhatikan bahawa
It's worth noting that bilingual individuals often have cognitive advantages over monolinguals.
striking a balance between
mencapai keseimbangan antara
Striking a balance between work and leisure is essential for maintaining mental health and overall happiness.
Kini, dalam bahagian 3 ujian pertuturan, anda perlu boleh *bercakap tentang idea abstrak* . Untuk ini, anda boleh menggunakan *bahasa kiasan dan simpulan bahasa* untuk menarik perhatian pemeriksa anda. Tetapi gunakan hanya mereka yang anda benar-benar tahu, jika anda membuat kesilapan ia akan menyebabkan lebih banyak mata ditolak.
down in the dumps
sangat sedih
I've been feeling down in the dumps since I lost my job.
over the moon
terlampau gembira
I was over the moon when I found out I got the job.
lose track of time
lupa waktu
I was so absorbed in my book that I lost track of time and missed my appointment.
look on the bright side
lihatlah dari sudut positif
I know you didn't get the job you wanted, but look on the bright side - you have a lot of experience now and can apply for other positions.
not my cup of tea
bukan cita rasa saya
I don't really like horror movies, they're not my cup of tea.
*Bagus!* Anda telah mempelajari frasa pertuturan yang paling biasa.
Untuk membina itu, saya akan memberikan anda beberapa lagi hanya untuk meningkatkan *keselarasan dan kemahiran komunikasi* anda dalam semua tugas bercakap.
*Pastikan anda mengamalkannya dengan sengaja sehingga ia menjadi sifat kedua anda ^^*
I couldn't agree more
Saya sangat bersetuju
I couldn't agree more. We need to work together to find a solution.
to wrap things up
sebagai kesimpulan
I'd like to thank everyone for coming today. To wrap things up, I just want to remind you of our next meeting date.
building on that
berdasarkan perkara itu
Building on that, we can see how technological advancements not only improve our daily lives but also open up new opportunities for innovation and growth in various industries.
to be well-off
menjadi kaya
My neighbor is well-off. He drives a luxury car and has a big house.
to be fed up
sudah muak
I'm fed up with this job. I need to find something new.
a hot potato
isu yang hangat
The issue of gun control is a hot potato in the United States.
in my personal experience
berdasarkan pengalaman peribadi saya
In my personal experience, studying abroad has greatly enhanced my understanding of different cultures and improved my language skills.
in light of these considerations
berdasarkan pertimbangan-pertimbangan ini
In light of these considerations, it is clear that stricter environmental regulations are necessary to combat climate change effectively.
to twist someone's arm
memujuk seseorang secara paksa
She didn't want to go to the party, but her friends twisted her arm.
without a shadow of doubt
tanpa sebarang keraguan
Without a shadow of a doubt, investing in education is one of the best ways to ensure a prosperous future for our society.
Seperkara lagi, dalam bertutur amat penting menggunakan bahasa *lindung nilai* .
Anda boleh menggunakan ungkapan lindung nilai untuk *menyatakan ketidakpastian* dalam ucapan anda.
"It could be..."
"This might be..."
Berhati-hati dengan dakwaan dan kenyataan yang kuat tentang topik sensitif. Gunakan lindung nilai untuk menjadikan pertuturan anda lebih lancar dan lebih sensitif.
It might well be that...
Ada kemungkinan bahawa...
It might well be that the rise in remote work will lead to significant changes in how cities are designed in the future..
I am not sure but...
Saya tidak pasti tetapi...
I am not sure but it seems that learning multiple languages can enhance cognitive abilities and cultural understanding.
As it seems that...
Nampaknya...
As it seems that climate change is accelerating, urgent action from all nations is required to mitigate its effects.
It might look...
Ia mungkin kelihatan...
It might look like a simple solution, but implementing renewable energy on a large scale involves complex planning and significant investment.
Sekarang kita perlu menangani *kesilapan yang paling biasa dalam penulisan* .
Dalam penulisan anda mungkin terjumpa *graf bar* (graf, rajah dan carta) yang perlu anda huraikan. Ramai orang tidak tahu bagaimana dan tidak semestinya kehilangan mata. *Itu bukan awak!*
Berikut ialah beberapa perbendaharaan kata untuk membantu anda lulus tugasan menulis anda.
pie chart
carta pai
A pie chart can be used to show the percentage of students in a class who prefer different types of music.
line graph
graf garis
The line graph depicts the changes in unemployment rates over the last decade.
bar graph
graf bar
The bar graph shows the population of five countries in 2020.
bar chart
carta palang
A bar chart comparing the sales of different products in a store.
to compare
membandingkan
The data compare the performance of students in mathematics and science.
to imply
memberi isyarat
The results of the study imply that exercise can reduce stress.
to indicate
menunjukkan
The data indicated a decrease in sales.
similar
serupa
The two graphs are very similar.
to illustrate
untuk menggambarkan
The graph illustrates the relationship between education level and income.
to depict
menggambarkan
The chart depicts the annual rainfall in different regions.
from the graph it is clear
daripada graf tersebut, jelaslah bahawa
From the graph, it is clear that the majority of respondents prefer digital over print media.
Hanya tip: jika anda ingin menulis ini: *%* dalam perkataan.
Cara yang betul ialah *peratus*
per cent
peratus
10 per cent increase
Cuba untuk menjadi *sepadu* yang mungkin dalam penulisan anda. Mulakan perenggan baharu untuk setiap idea baharu.
Sentiasa semak semula ejaan dan tatabahasa anda. Sila *jawab soalan sepenuhnya* . Jangan menulis tentang perkara yang ingin anda tulis atau hanya menjawab sebahagian soalan.
Tulis tentang apa yang diperlukan daripada anda.
Saya juga akan memberikan anda *beberapa petua tentang tanda baca* kerana ramai orang tidak tahu cara menggunakannya dengan betul.
*Tanda baca* bahasa Inggeris adalah berbeza dan kadangkala ia *boleh menyelamatkan nyawa!*
"Time to eat children. vs Time to eat, children."
Bolehkah anda melihat apa yang saya maksudkan di sini?
Kami juga menggunakan koma sebelum ucapan langsung.
"She said, 'hurry up'!"
Kami juga sentiasa perlu menggunakan koma selepas frasa seperti bagaimanapun, bagaimanapun, sejujurnya, dsb.
however
walau bagaimanapun
She is very talented. However, she lacks confidence.
nevertheless
walau bagaimanapun
I know it's raining. Nevertheless, I'm going for a walk.
to be honest
sejujurnya
To be honest, I didn't like the movie.
firstly
pertama sekali
Firstly, I would like to thank everyone for coming today.
first of all
pertama sekali
First of all, let's discuss the main issues we need to address.
moreover
tambahan pula
The hotel has a great location. Moreover, the staff is very friendly.
furthermore
tambahan pula
I don't think we should go out tonight. Furthermore, it's supposed to rain.
conversely
sebaliknya
Some people believe that money brings happiness. Conversely, others believe that money can't buy happiness.
*Kita boleh tetapi tidak perlu menggunakan koma semasa bercakap tentang lebih banyak perkara* .
"I like Eva, Marina, and Nicol."lwn "I love cats, dogs and horses."
Walau bagaimanapun, kadangkala *ia boleh menjadi sedikit mengelirukan* jika anda tidak menambah koma:
"I love my parents, Bill Gates and Pamela Anderson."
Malangnya, Bill Gates dan Pamela Anderson bukan ibu bapa saya. Oleh itu, adalah lebih baik untuk menggunakan koma di antara mereka juga.
to adhere
melekat
The tape adheres well to the wall.
antiquity
zaman purba
In antiquity, people relied on natural remedies and herbs for healing before the advent of modern medicine.
conscious
sedar
She was conscious throughout the surgery.
faulty
rosak
The engineer inspected the machine and found several issues: a faulty valve, a broken circuit, and a worn-out gear.
Soalan akhir: *Bila hendak menggunakan koma antara kata sifat?*
Kami menggunakan koma antara kata sifat jika kami boleh menggunakan *dan* sebagai gantinya:
"He is a nice and friendly man"-> "He is nice, friendly man."
Tetapi, *jika kita tidak boleh menggunakan dan di antara mereka, maka tidak ada koma* :
"I adore delicious French croissants."
Di sini tidak masuk akal untuk mengatakan croissant yang lazat dan Perancis.
scrumptious
lazat
She cooked a scrumptious meal for us.
to purchase something
membeli sesuatu
I need to purchase some new clothes for the party.
previous
sebelum ini
The previous owner of the house left some furniture behind.
to attend
untuk menghadiri
I will attend the school meeting tomorrow.
*Secara amnya, jangan gunakan koma di hadapan tetapi/dan.*
"I want to swim in the ocean but I am terrified of sharks."
Tetapi kita boleh menggunakan koma *sekiranya anda ingin membuat jeda* . Dalam kes ini, anda perlu memikirkan tempat untuk meletakkan koma berdasarkan gerak hati anda.
"My best friend loves snakes, but not all of my friends like them."
Kami juga menggunakan koma *apabila kami menukar subjek ayat* :
"My teacher is very strict sometimes, but that's what I like about her."
Selain itu, jika anda *bermula dengan klausa bawahan* , anda juga perlu menggunakan koma, tetapi kami telah membincangkannya dalam syarat.
"If you have time, call me."
to elucidate
menjelaskan
Could you please elucidate your point? I'm not sure I understand.
to lament
meratapi
He sat alone in his room, lamenting his decision to drop out of college.
inexhorable
tidak henti-henti
The inexorable rise of global temperatures highlights the urgent need for action on climate change.
ephemeral
fana
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
*tahniah! Anda telah berjaya melalui bahagian praktikal. Kini tiba masanya untuk tatabahasa!*
Kita akan mulakan *dengan present simple* , ia adalah tatabahasa yang paling asas, tetapi pelajar bahasa Inggeris lanjutan masih melakukan *kesilapan dalam orang ke-3 tunggal atau dalam soalan* , sila cuba semak sekurang-kurangnya sedikit.
Kami menggunakan present simple untuk:
perkara yang *benar pada masa kini* : "I like ice cream"
sesuatu yang *kerap* berlaku: "I play tennis every Sunday"
sesuatu yang *sentiasa benar* : "Water boils at 100 degrees"
to suffer
menderita
He suffers from anxiety and depression.
The consistent increase in urban population density significantly enhances the demand for public transportation infrastructure.
Peningkatan berterusan dalam kepadatan penduduk bandar meningkatkan permintaan terhadap infrastruktur pengangkutan awam secara ketara.
to not mind doing something
tidak keberatan melakukan sesuatu
I don't mind walking in the dark. I am not scared.
to research
menyelidik
I need to do some research for my history paper.
to be keen on
berminat terhadap
She is keen on learning new languages.
unless
kecuali jika
I won't go to the party unless my friend comes with me.
*Berhati-hati dengan orang ke-3 tunggal!* Pemeriksa akan memotong mata jika anda terlepas.
dia, dia, ia - suka, mahu, tidak...
Apabila kita merujuk kepada haiwan, kita menggunakannya.
Kita boleh menggunakan jantina dengan haiwan hanya jika kita mempunyai hubungan yang baik dengan mereka. "My dog is called Miky, I love him!"
Berhati-hati dengan berbilang orang: "My mother and I are ..."
The advanced coating effectively shields the spacecraft from harmful cosmic radiation.
Salutan canggih tersebut melindungi kapal angkasa dengan berkesan daripada sinaran kosmik yang berbahaya.
to rotate
memutar
The Earth rotates on its axis.
John and I are orphans.
John dan saya adalah anak yatim piatu.
to reflect
mencerminkan
His behaviour reflects his true self.
to alleviate
meringankan
The new policy alleviates the financial burden on low-income families.
*Soalan:*
Kami menggunakan *lakukan/lakukan* dalam soalan: "Do you play the piano? Does she like him?"
Kami juga menggunakannya *dengan kata tanya* : "Where do Anjela and Rita work? What time does he finish?"
*TAPI! Soalan dengan siapa yang tidak menggunakan do/does* : "Who lives in London? Who plays football?"
species
spesies
Why do scientists classify different species of plants and animals?
What type of insecticide is most effective against aphids?
Apakah jenis racun serangga yang paling berkesan terhadap kutu daun?
vast
luas
What makes the Sahara Desert such a vast and inhospitable region?
swarm
kawanan
What role does communication play in the behavior of a swarm?
proliferation
proliferasi
How does the proliferation of technology impact our daily lives?
to refute
untuk menyangkal
How do you refute the claim that renewable energy sources are too costly to implement?
*Negatif:*
Dalam pertuturan kita boleh menggunakan kontraksi; namun, *dalam e-mel atau esei rasmi, kita perlu menggunakan bentuk panjang.*
jangan (bentuk panjang) = jangan (bentuk pendek): "I don't like fast food."
tidak = tidak: "She doesn't want to come."
to rival
bersaing
The new technology does not rival the efficiency of traditional methods.
to amplify
menguatkan
The small speaker doesn't amplify the sound enough for the large room.
male
lelaki
He does not exhibit the typical characteristics associated with male behavior in the species.
ostentatious
menunjuk-nunjuk
He doesn't appreciate people who are ostentatious in their behavior.
Mari teruskan dengan *present continuous!*
Kita sentiasa memerlukan kata kerja masa kini *be dan -ing* di hujung kata kerja.
Kami menggunakannya untuk bercakap tentang:
Aktiviti yang berlaku *pada masa bercakap.*
to generate
untuk menjana
The wind turbines are currently generating renewable energy for the entire region.
to become
menjadi
The company is becoming a leader in renewable energy.
to outlast
bertahan lebih lama
He is outlasting all his competitors in the marathon.
ubiquitous
di mana-mana sahaja
Smartphones are becoming ubiquitous, changing the way we communicate.
Tetapi kami juga menggunakan berterusan semasa untuk *rancangan dan pengaturan masa depan.*
Apabila kita tahu sesuatu itu *'100% dirancang' pada masa hadapan.*
Ada yang cakap 90%, ada yang 99%...saya berani cakap 100% melainkan sesuatu yang tragis berlaku.
to hunt
memburu
They are going hunting next weekend.
Next week we are preparing survival kits for the camping trip.
Minggu depan kami akan menyediakan kit kelangsungan hidup untuk rombongan perkhemahan tersebut.
to harm
merosakkan
She is advocating for policies that prevent chemicals from harming the environment.
among
di antara
Tensions are rising among the team members as the deadline approaches.
*Kami tidak menggunakan berterusan dengan kata kerja statif.*
Kata kerja statif pemikiran dan perasaan: "believe, dislike, know, like, love, hate, prefer, realise, recognize, remember, suppose, think (believe), understand, want, and wish"
Kata kerja statif deria: "appear, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste"
Dan kata kerja statif lain: "agree, be, belong, disagree, need, owe, own, possess?"
to prefer
lebih suka
She prefers tea to coffee.
to suppose
menganggap
I suppose we should leave now to avoid the traffic.
to owe
berhutang
I owe you an explanation for my behavior.
to belong
milik
These books belong to the library.
Kami juga menggunakan berterusan semasa untuk bercakap tentang sesuatu yang *berlaku sebelum dan selepas masa tertentu:*
"At eight o'clock we are usually having breakfast."
Dengan sesuatu yang *kita anggap sementara.*
"Michael is at university. He's studying history."
Dengan sesuatu yang *baru dan berbeza dengan keadaan sebelumnya.*
"These days most people are using email instead of writing letters."
Dengan sesuatu yang *berubah, berkembang atau berkembang.*
"The children are growing up quickly."
Michael is at university. He's studying history.
Michael berada di universiti. Dia sedang belajar sejarah.
to roar
mengaum
The crowd is roaring with excitement as the concert begins.
gullible
lurus bendul
Even before the seminar, people are becoming more gullible, falling for obvious scams.
to persuade
untuk memujuk
I am working hard to persuade the committee before the deadline next Friday.
Present continuous juga digunakan dengan sesuatu yang *berlaku berulang kali (kebanyakannya dengan konotasi negatif - biasanya kita menggunakan 'sentiasa'):*
"It's always raining in London."
He is always nitpicking at her and they are always arguing.
Dia selalu mencari-cari salah wanita itu dan mereka sentiasa bertengkar.
to inundate
membanjiri
She is always inundating us with unnecessary emails.
conundrum
teka-teki
He always finds himself facing the same conundrum of choosing between his career and personal life.
to adapt
menyesuaikan diri
We are always adapting our strategies to keep up with the rapidly changing market trends..
Kita boleh menggunakan berterusan masa kini untuk *bercakap tentang masa lalu* apabila kita:
*Bercerita atau meringkaskan buku, filem atau drama.*
The other day I'm just walking down the street when suddenly this man comes up to me and asks me to lend him some money.
Baru-baru ini, semasa saya sedang berjalan di jalanan, tiba-tiba seorang lelaki datang menghampiri saya dan meminta untuk meminjam wang.
Well, he's carrying a big stick and he looks a bit dangerous, so I'm wondering what to do …
Dia bawa kayu besar dan nampak agak berbahaya, jadi saya tengah fikir apa nak buat...
Harry Potter is a pupil at Hogwarts school. One day when he is playing Quidditch he sees a strange object in the sky. He wonders what is happening …
Harry Potter merupakan seorang pelajar di sekolah Hogwarts. Pada suatu hari, ketika dia sedang bermain Quidditch, dia ternampak satu objek pelik di langit. Dia tertanya-tanya apa yang sedang berlaku...
Kini tiba masanya untuk *present perfect!*
Kami menafsirkannya dengan *subjek + mempunyai/mempunyai + participle lalu.*
"I have intoruduced myself."
Kami menggunakannya untuk bercakap tentang perkara yang *berlaku pada masa lalu tetapi mempengaruhi masa kini* dan, mungkin, boleh diteruskan ke masa depan.
I have never caught a glimpse of that.
Saya tidak pernah melihat sekilas pun tentang perkara itu.
They have been pronounced husband and wife.
Mereka telah diisytiharkan sebagai suami isteri.
I have had my share of ups and downs.
Saya telah melalui pelbagai suka dan duka dalam hidup saya.
I've just published this research I've carried out.
Saya baru sahaja menerbitkan penyelidikan yang telah saya jalankan ini.
I haven't given up on him yet.
Saya belum berputus asa dengannya lagi.
Mari kita lihat *perbezaan antara pergi ke dan pernah ke:*
pergi ke = orang itu masih jauh
pernah ke = orang itu mempunyai pengalaman dari tempat itu tetapi sudah kembali"
She has gone to Belgium. She should return in December.
Dia telah pergi ke Belgium. Dia sepatutnya pulang pada bulan Disember.
He has been to many exquisite places.
Dia telah mengunjungi banyak tempat yang indah.
voracious
rakus
She has been to several book fairs, driven by her voracious appetite for reading.
to suggest
mencadangkan
I suggest we go to the new Italian restaurant downtown; I've been to it once, and the food was amazing.
Kini *hadiah kegemaran semua orang sempurna berterusan.*
Kami membentuknya dengan menggunakan *subjek + telah/telah + -ing*
Kami biasanya menggunakan ini untuk menekankan bahawa sesuatu *masih berterusan pada masa kini.*
Kami hanya menggunakan kata kerja dinamik dengan kala tatabahasa ini.
She has been living in whimsical Africa since 1995.
Dia telah menetap di Afrika yang penuh dengan keajaiban sejak tahun 1995.
I have been painting on this canvas all morning.
Saya telah melukis di atas kanvas ini sepanjang pagi.
She is all sweaty. She has been climbing that oak tree.
Dia lencun dengan peluh. Dia baru sahaja memanjat pokok oak itu.
They have been cutting down these damaged pine trees.
Pokok-pokok pain yang rosak ini telah ditebang.
By the way, *kita boleh menggunakan present perfect untuk masa depan juga.*
Di mana kami biasanya menggunakan present simple, anda boleh mempamerkan kemahiran bahasa Inggeris anda yang hebat dan sebaliknya menggunakan present perfect:
"We will begin when everyone arrives."
lwn
"We will gegin when everyone has arrived."
I'll keep on looking until I have found my book.
Saya akan terus mencari sehingga saya jumpa buku saya.
I will not stop until I have become the best leader.
Saya tidak akan berhenti sehingga saya menjadi pemimpin yang terbaik.
ineffable
tidak terkata
By the time they finish the project, the team will have created an ineffable masterpiece.
resilient
bingkas
By next year, she will have become even more resilient in handling challenges.
anticipate
menjangkakan
By the time the project is completed, we will have anticipated all potential challenges and addressed them accordingly.
Kami telah menyemak kala sekarang, kini tiba masanya untuk *masa lalu yang mudah.* Kami menggunakannya untuk bercakap tentang:
- sesuatu yang *berlaku pada masa lalu* - "I crashed my car into a bridge last week."
- sesuatu yang *berlaku beberapa kali pada masa lalu* - "I made jokes about him each time I saw him."
- sesuatu yang *benar untuk beberapa waktu dahulu* - "I lacked motivation for my exam, that's why it took me 3 attempts."
- kami menggunakan ungkapan *dahulu* pada masa lalu - "I met my wife 30 years ago."
Dalam mudah lepas kita biasanya menambah *-ed pada kata kerja* . Tetapi terdapat *kata kerja tidak teratur* yang memerlukan masa tambahan untuk menguasai.
Mari kita mulakan dengan mereka yang berbeza dalam ketiga-tiga bentuk:
to bear (bore, borne)
menanggung
to blow (blew, blown)
meniup
The strong wind blew the papers off the table.
to be (was/were, been)
menjadi
She was the top performer in last night's talent show.
to shake (shook, shaken)
menggoncang
She shook the rug to remove the dust.
to shrink (shrank, shrunk)
mengecut
The sweater shrank in the wash, so now it's too small for me to wear.
to tear (tore, torn)
mengoyakkan
I accidentally tore my shirt on a nail.
Sekarang mari kita berikan beberapa contoh *kata kerja tak sekata tersebut dengan bentuk yang sama dalam kala lampau dan participle lampau:*
to creep (crept, crept)
merayap
I crept up the stairs so as not to wake the baby.
to cling (clung, clung)
berpaut
The child clung to his mother's hand as they walked through the crowded mall.
to mean (meant, meant)
berniat
I meant to call you yesterday, but I got busy with work.
to seek (sought, sought)
mencari
She sought help from her friends.
to spin (span/spun, spun)
berputar
The dancer spun gracefully across the stage during her performance.
to sting (stung, stung)
menyengat
The bee stung him on the arm while he was gardening.
to breed (bred, bred)
untuk membiak
The farmers bred the cattle for increased milk production.
to light (lit, lit)
menyalakan
She lit the candles before the guests arrived.
to sweep (swept, swept)
menyapu
She swept the leaves from the driveway.
to shoot (shot, shot)
menembak
The basketball player shot the ball into the hoop.
Kemudian kami juga mempunyai semua *3 bentuk tidak berubah:*
to upset (upset, upset)
mengecewakan
The news upset him deeply, leaving him in a somber mood all day.
to bid (bid, bid)
mengucapkan selamat tinggal
She bid farewell to her friends as she left for her new job abroad.
Dan ramai orang mengelirukan past tense dan participle dalam kata kerja *untuk berbohong (untuk memberitahu dusta), untuk berbohong (berbaring di atas permukaan), dan untuk meletakkan (untuk meletakkan):*
to lie (lied, lied)
berbohong
He lied about his whereabouts to avoid getting into trouble.
to lie on a surface (lay, lain)
berbaring di atas permukaan
The cat lay on the sunny windowsill all afternoon.
to lay (laid, laid)
meletakkan
She laid the baby down in the crib.
Ramai orang lupa bahawa kita boleh menggunakan past simple apabila merujuk kepada masa kini atau masa depan dalam hipotesis (apabila anda membayangkan sesuatu)
"Imagine you won the lottery. What would you do?"
Imagine you encountered an ancient artifact. How perplexed would you be by its origins?
Bayangkan anda menemui sebuah artifak purba. Sejauh manakah anda akan berasa bingung tentang asal-usulnya?
Sekarang kita akan mengupas tentang tegang yang tidak terlalu biasa digunakan. Tetapi ia selalunya dalam ujian dan anda juga boleh menemuinya dalam kehidupan sebenar!
Kami menggunakan *past perfect simple (had + past participle)* untuk bercakap tentang *masa sehingga satu titik tertentu pada masa lalu:*
"She had published her first book by the time she was ten."
Kami juga menggunakannya *untuk menunjukkan susunan dua peristiwa lalu.* Past perfect menunjukkan tindakan awal dan past simple tindakan kemudian:
"When I got home I realized I had forgotten to buy groceries."
"Sadly, the author died before he'd finished the series."
Kami sering menggunakan *sudah, masih, hanya, pernah, atau tidak pernah* dengan tegang ini.
"She was the most astonishing woman I had ever seen."
to scurry
bergegas
By the time the storm hit, the mice had already scurried into their burrows.
to snuggle
berpelukan
The children had snuggled under the blankets before the power went out.
to neglect
mengabaikan
She had neglected to water the plants for weeks, and they had all wilted.
By the time the final exam started, the sheer amount of material to review had already overwhelmed the students.
Menjelang peperiksaan akhir bermula, jumlah bahan yang perlu diulang kaji sudah pun membebankan para pelajar.
to testify
memberi keterangan
The witness had testified in court before the new evidence was discovered.
Kami menggunakan *past perfect continuous* untuk sesuatu yang *bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan sehingga satu titik masa tertentu:*
"When George died, he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years."
atau untuk sesuatu yang *berlaku beberapa kali sebelum satu titik pada masa lalu dan berterusan selepas titik itu:*
"He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager."
atau apabila kami *melaporkan pengalaman kami sehingga satu tahap pada masa lalu:*
"My thirtieth birthday was the worst day I had ever had."
dan sama seperti dengan present perfect yang kita gunakan *untuk dan sejak* dengan past perfect.
She had been working tirelessly for months, hoping that her efforts would eventually yield significant results.
Dia telah bekerja tanpa penat lelah selama berbulan-bulan, dengan harapan usahanya akhirnya akan membuahkan hasil yang ketara.
to regard
menganggap
He had been regarding her with suspicion long before the truth came out.
to sneak
menyelinap
They had been sneaking out of the house every night to meet their friends.
to meddle
mencampuri
She had been meddling in their affairs for months without their knowledge.
Sekarang mari kita masuk ke dalam tegang yang dipanggil *berterusan masa hadapan (akan/tidak akan + -ing).*
Kami menggunakannya untuk bercakap tentang *tindakan masa hadapan yang akan dijalankan pada masa tertentu pada masa hadapan:*
"When you come home, I'll be boarding a plane."
Atau sesuatu yang kita lihat sebagai *baharu, berbeza atau sementara:*
"Today we're taking the bus but next week we'll be taking the train."
to extort
memeras ugut
The corrupt officials will be extorting money from local businesses for protection.
to falter
teragak-agak
The novice speaker will be faltering during his first big presentation.
to gauge
mengukur
The scientist will be gauging the reactions of the participants in the experiment.
to grapple
bergelut
The team will be grappling with the complex problem throughout the week.
The construction on the main road will be hindering traffic flow for the next few weeks.
Pembinaan di jalan utama akan menghalang aliran trafik untuk beberapa minggu akan datang.
Untuk masa depan kami juga menggunakan *future perfect (akan/tidak akan ada + participle lepas).* Tense ini digunakan apabila kita bercakap tentang sesuatu yang *akan diselesaikan sebelum masa tertentu pada masa hadapan.{
"Will you have gone to bed when I get back?"
Kita boleh menggunakan frasa seperti* mengikut *atau* mengikut masa *(pada satu ketika sebelum ini),* dalam *atau* dalam masa sehari/dalam masa dua bulan/dalam masa lima tahun* (pada akhir tempoh) untuk memberikan tempoh masa dalam yang mana tindakan itu akan diselesaikan.
"By the time I finish this course, I will have revised all English tenses."
"In three years' time, I'll have graduated from university."
to inhibit
menghalang
By the end of the year, the new regulations will have inhibited further development in the area.
to lack
kekurangan
By the time the project is completed, we will have lacked the necessary resources to achieve the desired results.
to magnify
membesarkan
The telescope will have magnified the distant stars, making them visible to the naked eye.
to laugh
ketawa
By the time the party is over, everyone will have laughed at the hilarious jokes and stories.
By the end of the year, the company will have abandoned its outdated policies in favor of more innovative practices.
Menjelang akhir tahun ini, syarikat tersebut akan telah meninggalkan dasar-dasar lapuknya demi amalan yang lebih inovatif.
to outline
untuk menggariskan
By the end of the meeting, we will have outlined the entire project plan in detail.
Kami kini telah *menyemak semula semua tenses bahasa Inggeris.* Walau bagaimanapun, kami belum menyemak cara menggabungkannya dalam situasi tertentu... *dalam beberapa syarat.*
Saya rasa anda boleh melihat ke mana saya pergi. Sekarang kita akan menyemak semula *syarat* kerana ramai orang membuat kesilapan di dalamnya.
Saya yakin anda tidak mahu kehilangan mata berharga itu dalam peperiksaan anda jadi mari kita mula bekerja!
Practice makes perfect!
Alah bisa tegal biasa!
Dalam bahasa Inggeris terdapat *4 syarat utama: sifar, pertama, kedua dan ketiga* ...dan kemudian terdapat juga *syarat bercampur* , tetapi mari kita semak syarat yang 'mudah' dahulu.
Bersyarat menerangkan *hasil keadaan tertentu.* *Klausa if* memberitahu anda *keadaan* dan *klausa utama* memberitahu anda *hasilnya* .
"If you study hard, you will pass the exam."
Susunan klausa tidak mengubah maksud. Tetapi berhati-hati dengan tanda baca!
If I finish this course, I will be ready for the IELTS exam!
Jika saya menamatkan kursus ini, saya akan bersedia untuk peperiksaan IELTS!
Sifar bersyarat hanyalah *berdasarkan fakta.* Terdapat tegang *mudah sekarang* pada *kedua-dua belah* :
"If you freeze water, it becomes solid."
*Berhati-hati dengan tanda baca!* Kami menggunakannya *selepas* klausa if tetapi tidak sebelum itu!
"Water becomes solid if you freeze it."
to bestow
menganugerahkan
If you consistently demonstrate excellence, the organization bestows awards upon you.
to betray
mengkhianati
If you betray someone's trust, they do not forgive you easily.
You circumvent many common issues if you follow the proper guidelines.
Anda mengelakkan banyak isu biasa jika anda mengikuti garis panduan yang betul.
to confess
mengaku
If you confess your mistakes, people appreciate your honesty.
to confine
mengehadkan
If you confine your creativity, you do not reach your full potential.
*Syarat pertama* digunakan untuk *situasi masa hadapan yang kami percaya adalah mungkin:*
"If it rains, we will stay at home."
*jika/apabila klausa + hadir mudah, akan + infinitif*
Anda juga boleh menemui penggunaan seperti *melainkan, selagi, sebaik sahaja,* atau *dalam kes* dan bukannya *if* .
"I'll leave as soon as Lucy arrives."
"I don't want to do it unless you treat me with respect."
"I will show you to the kitchen in case you get hungry."
"You can call my sister as long as you stay just friends."
to deplore
mengecam
If the company implements unfair policies, employees will deplore the management's decisions.
to invoke
membangkitkan
If the situation becomes dire, the leader will invoke emergency powers.
If you don't handle the machinery carefully, it might maim you.
Jika anda tidak mengendalikan jentera itu dengan berhati-hati, ia mungkin akan mencacatkan anda.
to grab
memegang
If you see a good opportunity, you will grab it without hesitation.
*Syarat kedua* digunakan untuk situasi mustahil yang *tidak mungkin berlaku:*
"If we moved to a bigger house, we could get another dog."
Struktur: *jika klausa + past simple, would + infinitive*
Apabila *jika diikuti oleh kata kerja be* , ia adalah betul dari segi tatabahasa untuk menggunakannya *seperti* : "if I were, if she were."
Seperti ini kita boleh nyatakan bahawa terdapat *kemungkinan dalam keadaan tertentu* dan ia datang dari Old English.
Walau bagaimanapun, anda biasanya boleh menggunakan dan mendengar *sama ada dia* dan ia juga *betul* .
"I wouldn't do that if I were you."
"If she was president, she would invest in education more."
"If he were a little nicer, I would consider him a good match."
If I were as nimble as a gymnast, I would join the acrobatics team.
Jika saya selincah seorang gimnas, saya akan menyertai pasukan akrobatik.
to salivate
meleleh air liur
If you placed a delicious meal in front of him, he would start to salivate instantly.
to staple
menstapel
If we ran out of staples, we would find it difficult to complete our reports efficiently.
to summarize
untuk merumuskan
If we had more time, we could summarize the report in greater detail.
Kini ia semakin nyata atau mungkin...surreal? Mari kita masuk ke *syarat ketiga* . Ia digunakan untuk *membayangkan masa lalu yang berbeza* . Biasanya apabila kita *menyesali* sesuatu atau ingin *mengubah masa lalu* ...tetapi *tidak boleh* .
"If I had paid more attention, I wouldn't have to study as much."
Struktur: *jika + past perfect, akan mempunyai + past participle*
If she had squeezed through the narrow gap, she would have reached the exit in time.
Jika dia telah menyelit melalui celah yang sempit itu, dia pasti akan sampai ke pintu keluar tepat pada masanya.
to suppress
menindas
If the government had suppressed the evidence, the truth would never have come to light.
to tweak
mengubah suai
If she had tweaked the formula slightly, the experiment might have been successful.
to digest
menghadam
If I had properly digested all the information, I would have understood the topic better.
to evaluate
untuk menilai
If we had evaluated the risks more thoroughly, we would have avoided the project's major setbacks.
Dan kini 'bos terakhir'. Ya, anda telah menekanya... *syarat bercampur* .
Kita boleh menggunakannya apabila kita membayangkan *perubahan masa lalu dengan hasil pada masa kini atau perubahan sekarang dengan hasil pada masa lalu* .
Adakah anda rasa ia tidak masuk akal? Mari lihat beberapa contoh:
"If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner."
Dalam kes ini kita membayangkan bagaimana perubahan pada masa lalu akan mengakibatkan masa kini.
Struktur: *jika + lampau sempurna, akan + infinitif*
"It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday."
Di sini penceramah menerangkan bagaimana perubahan dalam situasi sekarang akan mempengaruhi perubahan pada masa lalu.
Struktur: *jika + past simple, akan mempunyai + past participle*
hawk
burung hantu
If he had studied ornithology, he would be able to identify that bird as a hawk now.
arduous
mencabar
If she had not taken on such an arduous task, she would have more energy now.
If he had been more meticulous with his work, he would be enjoying a promotion right now.
Sekiranya dia lebih teliti dengan kerjanya, dia pasti sedang menikmati kenaikan pangkat sekarang.
If she were more proactive, her success would have been contingent on her hard work and dedication.
Sekiranya dia lebih proaktif, kejayaannya akan bergantung kepada kerja keras dan dedikasinya.
vibrant
bertenaga
If she were more outgoing, she would have made a vibrant speech at the conference last week.
Ini adalah *penghujung* kursus ini! Saya harap ini membantu anda!
*Semoga berjaya dengan IELTS anda!!!*
Break a leg!
Semoga berjaya!
I have a big audition tomorrow." "Break a leg!