IELTS - तयारी कक्षाअंग्रेजी शब्दहरू
by DuoCards
*IELTS मास्टरी कोर्समा स्वागत छ!*
हामी उच्च स्कोरका लागि *मुख्य शब्दावली, व्याकरण काल, सुझावहरू, र युक्तिहरू* समेट्नेछौं। पाठ्यक्रम *बोल्ने र लेख्नेबाट* सुरु हुन्छ, *सामान्य गल्तीहरूमा* केन्द्रित हुन्छ, त्यसपछि *काल* र *नयाँ शब्दावलीको समीक्षा हुन्छ।* व्याकरण सजिलै सुरु हुन्छ र अझ उन्नत हुन्छ।
*बोल्ने भागबाट सुरु गरौं।💭*
यसलाई कुराकानीको रूपमा सोच्नुहोस् - आरामदायी र स्वाभाविक रहने प्रयास गर्नुहोस्।
कण्ठस्थ उत्तरहरूबाट बच्नु राम्रो हुन्छ, जुन कुरा परीक्षकहरूले सामान्यतया बताउन सक्छन्।
हरेक दिन थोरै बोल्ने प्रयास गर्नुहोस्, चाहे त्यो आफैंसँग होस् वा एआईसँग - यसले साँच्चै फरक पार्छ!
हामीले केही उपयोगी वाक्यांशहरू राखेका छौं जुन तपाईंले अझ धाराप्रवाह सुनाउन प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। तिनीहरूलाई अत्यधिक प्रयोग नगर्न सावधान रहनुहोस् - सन्तुलन महत्वपूर्ण छ।
*शुभकामना!* ।
Let's roll!
सुरु गरौं!
When the movie was about to start, the director shouted, "Let's roll!
to kick things off
सुरुवात गर्नको लागि
To kick things off, I would like to introduce our guest speaker.
on the flip side
अर्कोतर्फ
I know that the weather is great for a picnic today, but on the flip side, it might be too hot for some people.
it goes without saying
यो भनिरहनु पर्दैन
It goes without saying that you should always wear a seatbelt while driving.
to sum up
सारांशमा भन्नुपर्दा
To summarize, the report highlights the key findings of our research and provides recommendations for future action.
to put it differently
अर्को शब्दमा भन्नुपर्दा
To put it differently, exercise is not just about physical health but also about mental well-being.
in a nutshell
छोटकरीमा
To put it in a nutshell, we need to work harder to achieve our goals.
to draw a parallel
समानता देखाउनु
To draw a parallel, just as exercise strengthens the body, reading regularly strengthens the mind.
to play a crucial role in
मा महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्नु
Dedicated teachers play a crucial role in shaping the future of their students.
to put it simply
सजिलो शब्दमा भन्नुपर्दा
To put it simply, the project was a failure.
to delve deeper into this
यस विषयमा अझ गहिराइमा जान
To delve deeper into this, one must consider the long-term impacts of climate change on coastal communities.
कार्य १ थप *परिचयात्मक* छ। कार्य 2 मा तपाईंले *आफ्नो विचार* र सम्भवतः *भावनाहरू* व्यक्त गर्न आवश्यक छ।
तपाईंले प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुने वाक्यांशहरू हेरौं:
in my opinion
मेरो विचारमा
In my opinion, this movie is really good.
on one hand, on the other hand
एकातिर, अर्कोतिर
On one hand, online education offers flexibility and accessibility. On the other hand, it can lack the personal interaction that traditional classrooms provide.
I firmly believe that
म दृढ विश्वास गर्दछु कि
I firmly believe that investing in healthcare infrastructure is vital for the well-being of a nation.
as far as I'm concerned
जहाँसम्म मेरो कुरा छ
As far as I'm concerned, the best way to learn English is to practice speaking it every day.
for instance
उदाहरणका लागि
I like to do outdoor activities, for instance, hiking and camping.
an emerging trend is
एउटा नयाँ प्रचलन देखा पर्दैछ
An emerging trend is the shift towards remote work, which has been accelerated by recent global events.
it's worth noting that
यो कुरा ध्यान दिन लायक छ कि
It's worth noting that bilingual individuals often have cognitive advantages over monolinguals.
striking a balance between
बीचमा सन्तुलन कायम गर्ने
Striking a balance between work and leisure is essential for maintaining mental health and overall happiness.
अब, स्पिकिङ टेस्टको भाग ३ मा, तपाईंले *अमूर्त विचारहरूको बारेमा कुरा* गर्न सक्षम हुनु आवश्यक छ। यसका लागि तपाईंले आफ्नो परीक्षकहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्न *लाक्षणिक भाषा र मुहावराहरू* प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। तर तपाईंले वास्तवमै थाहा भएकाहरूलाई मात्र प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्, यदि तपाईंले गल्ती गर्नुभयो भने यसले थप कटौती अंकहरू प्राप्त गर्नेछ।
down in the dumps
धेरै निराश
I've been feeling down in the dumps since I lost my job.
over the moon
दङ्ग पर्नु
I was over the moon when I found out I got the job.
lose track of time
समय बितेको पत्तै नपाउनु
I was so absorbed in my book that I lost track of time and missed my appointment.
look on the bright side
सकारात्मक पक्षलाई हेर्नुहोस्
I know you didn't get the job you wanted, but look on the bright side - you have a lot of experience now and can apply for other positions.
not my cup of tea
यो मेरो रुचिको विषय होइन
I don't really like horror movies, they're not my cup of tea.
*राम्रो काम!* तपाईंले प्रायः बोल्ने वाक्यांशहरू सिक्नुभएको छ।
त्यसमा निर्माण गर्न, म तपाइँलाई सबै बोल्ने कार्यहरूमा तपाइँको *समन्वय र संचार कौशल* बढाउनको लागि थप केहि दिनेछु।
*जानाजानी तिनीहरूलाई अभ्यास गर्न निश्चित गर्नुहोस् जबसम्म यो तपाईंको दोस्रो स्वभाव बन्न सक्दैन ^^* ।
I couldn't agree more
म यसमा पूर्ण रूपमा सहमत छु
I couldn't agree more. We need to work together to find a solution.
to wrap things up
अन्त्यमा
I'd like to thank everyone for coming today. To wrap things up, I just want to remind you of our next meeting date.
building on that
त्यसैको आधारमा
Building on that, we can see how technological advancements not only improve our daily lives but also open up new opportunities for innovation and growth in various industries.
to be well-off
धनी हुनु
My neighbor is well-off. He drives a luxury car and has a big house.
to be fed up
वाक्क हुनु
I'm fed up with this job. I need to find something new.
a hot potato
अत्यन्तै विवादास्पद वा कठिन विषय
The issue of gun control is a hot potato in the United States.
in my personal experience
मेरो व्यक्तिगत अनुभवमा
In my personal experience, studying abroad has greatly enhanced my understanding of different cultures and improved my language skills.
in light of these considerations
यी विचारहरूलाई ध्यानमा राख्दै
In light of these considerations, it is clear that stricter environmental regulations are necessary to combat climate change effectively.
to twist someone's arm
कसैलाई मनाउनु वा दबाब दिनु
She didn't want to go to the party, but her friends twisted her arm.
without a shadow of doubt
कुनै शंका बिना
Without a shadow of a doubt, investing in education is one of the best ways to ensure a prosperous future for our society.
अर्को कुरा, बोल्दा *हेजिङ* भाषा प्रयोग गर्नु धेरै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ।
तपाईं आफ्नो बोलीमा *अनिश्चितता व्यक्त* गर्न हेजिङ अभिव्यक्तिहरू प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।
"It could be..."
"This might be..."
संवेदनशील विषयहरूमा कडा दावी र कथनहरूबाट सावधान रहनुहोस्। तपाईंको बोलीलाई सहज र अधिक संवेदनशील बनाउन हेजिङहरू प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।
It might well be that...
यो हुन सक्छ कि...
It might well be that the rise in remote work will lead to significant changes in how cities are designed in the future..
I am not sure but...
म पक्का त छैन तर...
I am not sure but it seems that learning multiple languages can enhance cognitive abilities and cultural understanding.
As it seems that...
यस्तो देखिन्छ कि...
As it seems that climate change is accelerating, urgent action from all nations is required to mitigate its effects.
It might look...
यो यस्तो देखिन सक्छ...
It might look like a simple solution, but implementing renewable energy on a large scale involves complex planning and significant investment.
अब हामीले *लेखनमा धेरै सामान्य गल्तीहरू* सम्बोधन गर्न आवश्यक छ।
लेखनमा तपाईंले *बार ग्राफहरू* (ग्राफहरू, रेखाचित्रहरू र चार्टहरू) मा आउन सक्नुहुन्छ जुन तपाईंले वर्णन गर्नुपर्नेछ। धेरै मानिसहरूलाई थाहा छैन कसरी र अनावश्यक रूपमा अंक गुमाउँछ। *त्यो तपाईं हुनुहुन्न!*
तपाईको लेखन कार्यहरू पास गर्न मद्दतको लागि यहाँ केहि शब्दावली छ।
pie chart
पाई चार्ट
A pie chart can be used to show the percentage of students in a class who prefer different types of music.
line graph
रेखा चित्र
The line graph depicts the changes in unemployment rates over the last decade.
bar graph
स्तम्भ रेखाचित्र
The bar graph shows the population of five countries in 2020.
bar chart
बार चार्ट
A bar chart comparing the sales of different products in a store.
to compare
तुलना गर्नु
The data compare the performance of students in mathematics and science.
to imply
संकेत गर्नु
The results of the study imply that exercise can reduce stress.
to indicate
संकेत गर्नु
The data indicated a decrease in sales.
similar
उस्तै
The two graphs are very similar.
to illustrate
उदाहरण दिनु
The graph illustrates the relationship between education level and income.
to depict
चित्रण गर्नु
The chart depicts the annual rainfall in different regions.
from the graph it is clear
ग्राफबाट यो स्पष्ट हुन्छ कि
From the graph, it is clear that the majority of respondents prefer digital over print media.
केवल एक टिप: यदि तपाइँ यो लेख्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने: शब्दहरूमा *%* ।
सहि तरिका *प्रतिशत* हो।
per cent
प्रतिशत
10 per cent increase
आफ्नो लेखनमा सकेसम्म *एकजुट* हुन प्रयास गर्नुहोस्। प्रत्येक नयाँ विचारको लागि नयाँ अनुच्छेद सुरु गर्नुहोस्।
सधैँ आफ्नो हिज्जे र व्याकरण जाँच गर्नुहोस्। कृपया *प्रश्नको पूर्ण उत्तर* दिनुहोस्। तपाईले लेख्न चाहनु भएको सामानको बारेमा नलेख्नुहोस् वा आंशिक रूपमा प्रश्नको जवाफ दिनुहोस्।
तपाईबाट के आवश्यक छ भनेर लेख्नुहोस्।
म तपाइँलाई *विराम चिन्हमा केहि सुझावहरू* पनि दिनेछु किनकि धेरै मानिसहरूलाई यसलाई कसरी सही रूपमा प्रयोग गर्ने थाहा छैन।
अंग्रेजी *विराम चिन्ह* फरक छ र कहिलेकाहीँ यसले *जीवन बचाउन सक्छ!*
"Time to eat children. vs Time to eat, children."
के तपाईंले यहाँ मेरो मतलब के देख्न सक्नुहुन्छ?
हामी प्रत्यक्ष भाषण अघि अल्पविराम पनि प्रयोग गर्छौं।
"She said, 'hurry up'!"
हामीले सधैं वाक्यांशहरू पछि अल्पविरामहरू प्रयोग गर्न आवश्यक छ, यद्यपि, इमानदार हुन, आदि।
however
यद्यपि
She is very talented. However, she lacks confidence.
nevertheless
तथापि
I know it's raining. Nevertheless, I'm going for a walk.
to be honest
इमानदार हुनुपर्दा
To be honest, I didn't like the movie.
firstly
सबैभन्दा पहिले
Firstly, I would like to thank everyone for coming today.
first of all
सबैभन्दा पहिले
First of all, let's discuss the main issues we need to address.
moreover
यसका साथै
The hotel has a great location. Moreover, the staff is very friendly.
furthermore
यसका साथै
I don't think we should go out tonight. Furthermore, it's supposed to rain.
conversely
यसको विपरित
Some people believe that money brings happiness. Conversely, others believe that money can't buy happiness.
*हामी सक्छौं तर धेरै चीजहरूको बारेमा कुरा गर्दा अल्पविराम प्रयोग गर्नु पर्दैन* ।
"I like Eva, Marina, and Nicol."बनाम "I love cats, dogs and horses."
यद्यपि, कहिलेकाहीँ तपाईले अल्पविराम थप्नुभएन भने *यो अलिकति भ्रमित हुन सक्छ* :
"I love my parents, Bill Gates and Pamela Anderson."
दुर्भाग्यवश, बिल गेट्स र पामेला एन्डरसन मेरा आमाबाबु होइनन्। तसर्थ, तिनीहरू बीच अल्पविराम प्रयोग गर्न राम्रो छ।
to adhere
टाँसिनु
The tape adheres well to the wall.
antiquity
प्राचीन काल
In antiquity, people relied on natural remedies and herbs for healing before the advent of modern medicine.
conscious
सचेत
She was conscious throughout the surgery.
faulty
दोषपूर्ण
The engineer inspected the machine and found several issues: a faulty valve, a broken circuit, and a worn-out gear.
अन्तिम प्रश्न: *विशेषणहरू बीच अल्पविराम कहिले प्रयोग गर्ने?*
हामी विशेषणहरू बीच अल्पविरामहरू प्रयोग गर्छौं यदि हामी प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौं *र* यसको सट्टा:
"He is a nice and friendly man"-> "He is nice, friendly man."
तर, *यदि हामी प्रयोग गर्न सक्दैनौं र तिनीहरूको बीचमा, त्यहाँ कुनै अल्पविराम छैन* :
"I adore delicious French croissants."
यहाँ यो स्वादिष्ट र फ्रान्सेली croissants भन्न अर्थ छैन।
scrumptious
मीठो
She cooked a scrumptious meal for us.
to purchase something
केही कुरा किन्नु
I need to purchase some new clothes for the party.
previous
अघिल्लो
The previous owner of the house left some furniture behind.
to attend
उपस्थित हुन
I will attend the school meeting tomorrow.
*सामान्यतया, तर/र अगाडि अल्पविराम प्रयोग नगर्नुहोस्।*
"I want to swim in the ocean but I am terrified of sharks."
तर *यदि तपाईं पज गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने* हामी अल्पविराम प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौं। यस अवस्थामा, तपाईंले आफ्नो अन्तर्ज्ञानमा आधारित अल्पविराम कहाँ राख्ने भनेर पत्ता लगाउन आवश्यक छ।
"My best friend loves snakes, but not all of my friends like them."
हामीले *वाक्यको विषय परिवर्तन गर्दा* अल्पविराम पनि प्रयोग गर्छौं:
"My teacher is very strict sometimes, but that's what I like about her."
साथै, यदि तपाइँ *अधीनस्थ खण्डबाट सुरु गर्नुहुन्छ भने* , तपाइँले अल्पविराम पनि प्रयोग गर्न आवश्यक छ, तर हामीले पहिले नै यसको बारेमा सशर्तमा कुरा गरिसकेका छौं।
"If you have time, call me."।
to elucidate
स्पष्ट पार्नु
Could you please elucidate your point? I'm not sure I understand.
to lament
विलाप गर्नु
He sat alone in his room, lamenting his decision to drop out of college.
inexhorable
कठोर
The inexorable rise of global temperatures highlights the urgent need for action on climate change.
ephemeral
क्षणिक
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
*बधाई छ! तपाईले यसलाई व्यावहारिक भाग मार्फत बनाउनुभयो। अब यो व्याकरण को लागी समय हो!*
हामी *वर्तमान सरल बाट* सुरु गर्न जाँदैछौं, यो सबैभन्दा आधारभूत व्याकरण हो, तर उन्नत अंग्रेजी सिक्नेहरूले अझै पनि *तेस्रो व्यक्ति एकवचन वा प्रश्नहरूमा गल्ती* गर्छन्, कृपया कम्तिमा थोरै परिमार्जन गर्ने प्रयास गर्नुहोस्।
हामी वर्तमान सरल को लागी प्रयोग गर्दछौं:
*वर्तमानमा सत्य* कुराहरू: "I like ice cream"
केहि *नियमित रूपमा* हुन्छ: "I play tennis every Sunday"
केहि जुन *सधैं सत्य* हुन्छ "Water boils at 100 degrees":।
to suffer
पीडा भोग्नु
He suffers from anxiety and depression.
The consistent increase in urban population density significantly enhances the demand for public transportation infrastructure.
शहरी जनघनत्वमा भइरहेको निरन्तर वृद्धिले सार्वजनिक यातायात पूर्वाधारको मागलाई उल्लेखनीय रूपमा बढाउँछ।
to not mind doing something
केही गर्न आपत्ति नहुनु
I don't mind walking in the dark. I am not scared.
to research
अनुसन्धान गर्नु
I need to do some research for my history paper.
to be keen on
रुचि राख्नु
She is keen on learning new languages.
unless
यदि ... बाहेक
I won't go to the party unless my friend comes with me.
*तेस्रो व्यक्ति एकलबाट सावधान!* यदि तपाइँ यसलाई छुटाउनुहुन्छ भने परीक्षकहरूले अंकहरू कटौती गर्नेछन्।
ऊ, उनी, यो - मनपर्छ, चाहन्छ, गर्छ ...
जब हामी जनावरहरूलाई सन्दर्भ गर्छौं, हामी यसलाई प्रयोग गर्छौं।
हामी जनावरहरूसँग राम्रो सम्बन्ध छ भने मात्र हामी लिङ्ग प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौं। "My dog is called Miky, I love him!"
धेरै व्यक्तिहरूसँग सावधान रहनुहोस् "My mother and I are ...":।
The advanced coating effectively shields the spacecraft from harmful cosmic radiation.
उन्नत लेपले अन्तरिक्ष यानलाई हानिकारक ब्रह्माण्डीय विकिरणबाट प्रभावकारी रूपमा जोगाउँछ।
to rotate
घुमाउनु
The Earth rotates on its axis.
John and I are orphans.
जोन र म टुहुरा हौं।
to reflect
प्रतिबिम्बित गर्नु
His behaviour reflects his true self.
to alleviate
कम गर्नु
The new policy alleviates the financial burden on low-income families.
*प्रश्नहरू:*
हामी प्रश्नहरूमा *do/do* प्रयोग गर्छौं: "Do you play the piano? Does she like him?"
हामी यसलाई *प्रश्न शब्दहरूसँग* पनि प्रयोग गर्दछौं: "Where do Anjela and Rita work? What time does he finish?"
*तर! गर्ने/गर्ने प्रयोग नगर्नेसँग प्रश्नहरू* "Who lives in London? Who plays football?":।
species
प्रजाति
Why do scientists classify different species of plants and animals?
What type of insecticide is most effective against aphids?
लाही कीरा (aphids) विरुद्ध कुन प्रकारको कीटनाशक सबैभन्दा प्रभावकारी हुन्छ?
vast
विशाल
What makes the Sahara Desert such a vast and inhospitable region?
swarm
हुल
What role does communication play in the behavior of a swarm?
proliferation
तीव्र वृद्धि
How does the proliferation of technology impact our daily lives?
to refute
खण्डन गर्नु
How do you refute the claim that renewable energy sources are too costly to implement?
*नकारात्मक:*
बोलीमा हामी संकुचन प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौं; यद्यपि, *औपचारिक इमेल वा निबन्धहरूमा, हामीले लामो फारम प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ।*
do not (लामो फारम) = नगर्नुहोस् (छोटो फारम): "I don't like fast food."
गर्दैन = गर्दैन "She doesn't want to come.":।
to rival
प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्नु
The new technology does not rival the efficiency of traditional methods.
to amplify
बढाउनु
The small speaker doesn't amplify the sound enough for the large room.
male
पुरुष
He does not exhibit the typical characteristics associated with male behavior in the species.
ostentatious
तडकभडकपूर्ण
He doesn't appreciate people who are ostentatious in their behavior.
*वर्तमान निरन्तर जारी राखौं!*
हामीलाई सधैं क्रियाको अन्त्यमा *be र -ing* को वर्तमान काल चाहिन्छ।
हामी यसको बारेमा कुरा गर्न प्रयोग गर्दछौं:
*बोल्ने समयमा भइरहेका गतिविधिहरू।* ।
to generate
उत्पादन गर्न
The wind turbines are currently generating renewable energy for the entire region.
to become
हुनु
The company is becoming a leader in renewable energy.
to outlast
धेरै समयसम्म टिक्नु
He is outlasting all his competitors in the marathon.
ubiquitous
सर्वव्यापी
Smartphones are becoming ubiquitous, changing the way we communicate.
तर हामी *भविष्यको योजना र व्यवस्थाका लागि वर्तमान निरन्तर प्रयोग गर्दछौं।*
जब हामीलाई थाहा हुन्छ कि *भविष्यमा केहि '100% योजनाबद्ध' छ।*
कसैले 90% भन्छ, कसैले 99% ... म 100% भन्न हिम्मत गर्छु जबसम्म केहि दुखद घटना हुँदैन।
to hunt
शिकार गर्नु
They are going hunting next weekend.
Next week we are preparing survival kits for the camping trip.
अर्को हप्ता हामी क्याम्पिङ यात्राको लागि जीवनरक्षा किटहरू तयार गर्दैछौं।
to harm
नोक्सान पुर्याउनु
She is advocating for policies that prevent chemicals from harming the environment.
among
बीचमा
Tensions are rising among the team members as the deadline approaches.
*हामी स्थिर क्रियाहरूसँग निरन्तर प्रयोग गर्दैनौं।*
सोच र भावना को स्थिर क्रिया: "believe, dislike, know, like, love, hate, prefer, realise, recognize, remember, suppose, think (believe), understand, want, and wish"
इन्द्रियहरूको स्थिर क्रिया: "appear, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste"
र अन्य स्थिर क्रियाहरू "agree, be, belong, disagree, need, owe, own, possess?":।
to prefer
रुचाउनु
She prefers tea to coffee.
to suppose
ठान्नु
I suppose we should leave now to avoid the traffic.
to owe
ऋणी हुनु
I owe you an explanation for my behavior.
to belong
सम्बन्धित हुनु
These books belong to the library.
हामी *कुनै निश्चित समय अघि र पछि भइरहेको कुराको बारेमा कुरा गर्नको लागि वर्तमान निरन्तर प्रयोग गर्दछौं:*
"At eight o'clock we are usually having breakfast."
केहि चीज संग जुन *हामी अस्थायी छ।*
"Michael is at university. He's studying history."
जुन *नयाँ छ र अघिल्लो अवस्थासँग विपरित छ।*
"These days most people are using email instead of writing letters."
*परिवर्तन, बढ्दै वा विकास भइरहेको केहि संग।*
"The children are growing up quickly."।
Michael is at university. He's studying history.
माइकल विश्वविद्यालयमा छ। उनी इतिहास पढ्दैछन्।
to roar
गर्जिनु
The crowd is roaring with excitement as the concert begins.
gullible
सोझो
Even before the seminar, people are becoming more gullible, falling for obvious scams.
to persuade
फकाउनु
I am working hard to persuade the committee before the deadline next Friday.
Present Constitution *लाई बारम्बार हुने कुनै चीजको साथ पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ (धेरै नकारात्मक अर्थको साथ - हामी सामान्यतया 'सधैं' प्रयोग गर्छौं):*
"It's always raining in London."।
He is always nitpicking at her and they are always arguing.
उनी सधैं उनलाई स-साना कुरामा खोट लगाइरहन्छन् र उनीहरू सधैं झगडा गरिरहन्छन्।
to inundate
डुबानमा पार्नु
She is always inundating us with unnecessary emails.
conundrum
पहेली
He always finds himself facing the same conundrum of choosing between his career and personal life.
to adapt
अनुकूल हुनु
We are always adapting our strategies to keep up with the rapidly changing market trends..
हामी *अतीतको बारेमा कुरा* गर्न वर्तमान निरन्तर प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौं जब हामी:
*एउटा कथा सुनाउनु वा पुस्तक, चलचित्र वा नाटकको सारांश।* ।
The other day I'm just walking down the street when suddenly this man comes up to me and asks me to lend him some money.
अस्ति म बाटोमा हिँडिरहेको थिएँ, अचानक एकजना मान्छे मकहाँ आयो र मसँग केही पैसा सापटी माग्यो।
Well, he's carrying a big stick and he looks a bit dangerous, so I'm wondering what to do …
खै, उसले एउटा ठूलो लाठी बोकेको छ र अलि खतरनाक देखिन्छ, त्यसैले म के गर्ने होला भनेर सोचिरहेको छु...
Harry Potter is a pupil at Hogwarts school. One day when he is playing Quidditch he sees a strange object in the sky. He wonders what is happening …
ह्यारी पोटर हगवर्ट्स स्कूलका एक विद्यार्थी हुन्। एक दिन जब उनी क्विडिच खेलिरहेका हुन्छन्, उनले आकाशमा एउटा अनौठो वस्तु देख्छन्। उनी के भइरहेको होला भनेर अचम्ममा पर्छन्...
अब यो *सही वर्तमान को लागी समय हो!*
हामी यसलाई *subject + have/has + past participle सँग कन्स्ट्र्युट गर्छौं।*
"I have intoruduced myself."
हामी यसलाई *विगतमा भएका चीजहरूको बारेमा कुरा गर्न प्रयोग गर्छौं तर वर्तमानलाई असर गर्छ* र सायद, भविष्यमा जारी राख्न सक्छ।
I have never caught a glimpse of that.
मैले त्यो कहिल्यै देखेको छैन।
They have been pronounced husband and wife.
उनीहरूलाई पति र पत्नी घोषित गरिएको छ।
I have had my share of ups and downs.
मैले जीवनमा धेरै उतारचढावहरू भोगेको छु।
I've just published this research I've carried out.
मैले भर्खरै आफूले गरेको यो अनुसन्धान प्रकाशित गरेको छु।
I haven't given up on him yet.
मैले अझै उनीबाट आशा मारेको छैन।
*गएको र गएको बीचको भिन्नतालाई हेरौं:*
गएको = व्यक्ति अझै टाढा छ
गएको = व्यक्तिसँग त्यो ठाउँबाट अनुभव छ तर पहिले नै फर्किसकेको थियो"
She has gone to Belgium. She should return in December.
उनी बेल्जियम गएकी छिन्। उनी डिसेम्बरमा फर्कनुपर्छ।
He has been to many exquisite places.
उनी धेरै उत्कृष्ट ठाउँहरूमा पुगेका छन्।
voracious
अति भोको
She has been to several book fairs, driven by her voracious appetite for reading.
to suggest
सुझाव दिनु
I suggest we go to the new Italian restaurant downtown; I've been to it once, and the food was amazing.
अब सबैको मनपर्ने *वर्तमान पूर्ण निरन्तर।*
हामी यसलाई *subject + have/has been + -ing* प्रयोग गरेर बनाउँछौं
हामी सामान्यतया यसलाई *वर्तमानमा केहि जारी छ भनेर जोड दिन प्रयोग गर्छौं।*
हामीले यो व्याकरणीय कालसँग गतिशील क्रियाहरू मात्र प्रयोग गर्छौं।
She has been living in whimsical Africa since 1995.
उनी सन् १९९५ देखि विलक्षण अफ्रिकामा बस्दै आएकी छिन्।
I have been painting on this canvas all morning.
म आज बिहानभरि यस क्यानभासमा चित्र बनाइरहेको छु।
She is all sweaty. She has been climbing that oak tree.
उनी पूरै पसिनाले भिजेकी छिन्। उनी त्यो ओकको रूख चढिरहेकी थिइन्।
They have been cutting down these damaged pine trees.
यी क्षतिग्रस्त सल्लाका रूखहरू काटिँदै छन्।
वैसे, *हामी भविष्यको लागि पनि सही वर्तमान प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौं।*
जहाँ हामी सामान्यतया वर्तमान सरल प्रयोग गर्छौं, तपाईंले आफ्नो उत्कृष्ट अंग्रेजी सीपहरू देखाउन सक्नुहुन्छ र यसको सट्टामा उत्तम वर्तमान प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ:
"We will begin when everyone arrives."
बनाम
"We will gegin when everyone has arrived."।
I'll keep on looking until I have found my book.
मैले आफ्नो किताब नभेटुन्जेलसम्म म खोजिरहनेछु।
I will not stop until I have become the best leader.
जबसम्म म उत्कृष्ट नेता बन्दिनँ, तबसम्म म रोकिने छैन।
ineffable
अकथनीय
By the time they finish the project, the team will have created an ineffable masterpiece.
resilient
लचिलो
By next year, she will have become even more resilient in handling challenges.
anticipate
पूर्वानुमान गर्नु
By the time the project is completed, we will have anticipated all potential challenges and addressed them accordingly.
हामीले वर्तमान कालहरू जाँच गरेका छौं, अब यो *विगत सरलको लागि समय हो।* हामी यसको बारेमा कुरा गर्न प्रयोग गर्दछौं:
- *विगतमा भएको* केहि - "I crashed my car into a bridge last week."
- *विगतमा धेरै पटक भएको* कुरा - "I made jokes about him each time I saw him."
- केहि जुन *विगतमा केहि समयको लागि सत्य थियो* - "I lacked motivation for my exam, that's why it took me 3 attempts."
- हामी विगतमा *पहिले* अभिव्यक्ति प्रयोग गर्छौं - "I met my wife 30 years ago."
विगतको सरलमा हामी सामान्यतया *क्रियाहरूमा थप्छौं* । तर त्यहाँ *अनियमित क्रियाहरू* छन् जुन मास्टर गर्नको लागि अतिरिक्त समय चाहिन्छ।
सबै तीन रूपहरूमा भिन्न हुनेहरूसँग सुरु गरौं:
to bear (bore, borne)
सहनु
to blow (blew, blown)
हावा चल्नु
The strong wind blew the papers off the table.
to be (was/were, been)
हुनु
She was the top performer in last night's talent show.
to shake (shook, shaken)
हल्लाउनु
She shook the rug to remove the dust.
to shrink (shrank, shrunk)
खुम्चिनु
The sweater shrank in the wash, so now it's too small for me to wear.
to tear (tore, torn)
च्यात्नु
I accidentally tore my shirt on a nail.
अब *भूतकाल र भूत कृदकमा एउटै रूप भएका ती अनियमित क्रियाहरूका केही उदाहरणहरू दिऔं:।*
to creep (crept, crept)
सुटुक्क हिँड्नु
I crept up the stairs so as not to wake the baby.
to cling (clung, clung)
टाँसिनु
The child clung to his mother's hand as they walked through the crowded mall.
to mean (meant, meant)
विचार गर्नु वा इरादा राख्नु
I meant to call you yesterday, but I got busy with work.
to seek (sought, sought)
खोज्नु
She sought help from her friends.
to spin (span/spun, spun)
घुम्नु
The dancer spun gracefully across the stage during her performance.
to sting (stung, stung)
चिल्र्नु
The bee stung him on the arm while he was gardening.
to breed (bred, bred)
प्रजननका लागि
The farmers bred the cattle for increased milk production.
to light (lit, lit)
बत्ती बाल्नु
She lit the candles before the guests arrived.
to sweep (swept, swept)
बढार्नु
She swept the leaves from the driveway.
to shoot (shot, shot)
गोली हान्नु
The basketball player shot the ball into the hoop.
त्यसोभए हामीसँग सबै *3 फारमहरू अपरिवर्तित छन्:।*
to upset (upset, upset)
दुखी बनाउनु वा विचलित पार्नु
The news upset him deeply, leaving him in a somber mood all day.
to bid (bid, bid)
बिदा माग्नु
She bid farewell to her friends as she left for her new job abroad.
र धेरै व्यक्तिहरूले भूतकाललाई भ्रमित गर्छन् र क्रियापदहरूमा *झुट बोल्न (झूट बोल्न), झूट बोल्न (सतहमा सुत्नु), र बिछ्याउन (लेट गर्न):।*
to lie (lied, lied)
ढाँट्नु
He lied about his whereabouts to avoid getting into trouble.
to lie on a surface (lay, lain)
सतहमा सुत्नु वा पल्टिनु
The cat lay on the sunny windowsill all afternoon.
to lay (laid, laid)
राख्नु
She laid the baby down in the crib.
धेरै मानिसहरूले बिर्सन्छन् कि हामी परिकल्पनाहरूमा वर्तमान वा भविष्यको सन्दर्भमा विगत सरल प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौं (जब तपाइँ केहि कल्पना गर्नुहुन्छ)
"Imagine you won the lottery. What would you do?"।
Imagine you encountered an ancient artifact. How perplexed would you be by its origins?
कल्पना गर्नुहोस् कि तपाईंले एउटा प्राचीन कलाकृति फेला पार्नुभयो। यसको उत्पत्तिको बारेमा तपाईं कत्तिको अलमलमा पर्नुहुनेछ?
अब हामी सामान्य रूपमा प्रयोग नगरिएको तनावमा ब्रश गर्न जाँदैछौं। तर यो प्रायः परीक्षणहरूमा हुन्छ र तपाईं वास्तविक जीवनमा पनि यसमा टक्कर गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ!
हामी *विगतमा एक निश्चित बिन्दु सम्मको समयको* बारेमा कुरा गर्नको लागि *अतीत सिद्ध सरल (ह्याड + विगत पार्टिसिपल)* प्रयोग गर्छौं:
"She had published her first book by the time she was ten."
हामी यसलाई *दुई विगतका घटनाहरूको क्रम देखाउन पनि प्रयोग गर्छौं।* विगतको सिद्धले अघिल्लो कार्य र विगतको सरल पछिको कार्य देखाउँछ:
"When I got home I realized I had forgotten to buy groceries."
"Sadly, the author died before he'd finished the series."
हामी प्राय *: पहिले नै, अझै, बस, कहिल्यै, वा कहिले पनि* यो कालसँग प्रयोग गर्छौं।
"She was the most astonishing woman I had ever seen."।
to scurry
हतारिएर दौडनु
By the time the storm hit, the mice had already scurried into their burrows.
to snuggle
टाँसिएर बस्नु
The children had snuggled under the blankets before the power went out.
to neglect
वास्ता नगर्नु
She had neglected to water the plants for weeks, and they had all wilted.
By the time the final exam started, the sheer amount of material to review had already overwhelmed the students.
अन्तिम परीक्षा सुरु हुने बेलासम्म, पुनरावलोकन गर्नुपर्ने अध्ययन सामग्रीको अत्यधिक मात्राले विद्यार्थीहरूलाई पहिले नै थकित पारिसकेको थियो।
to testify
बयान दिनु
The witness had testified in court before the new evidence was discovered.
हामी *विगतमा सुरु भएको र समयमा दिइएको बिन्दुसम्म जारी रहेको* कुनै चीजको लागि *भूतकालको पूर्ण निरन्तरता* प्रयोग गर्छौं:
"When George died, he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years."
वा *विगतमा एक बिन्दु भन्दा पहिले धेरै पटक भएको र त्यो बिन्दु पछि जारी भएको केहिको लागि:*
"He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager."
वा जब हामी *विगतको एक बिन्दुसम्म हाम्रो अनुभव रिपोर्ट गर्दैछौं:*
"My thirtieth birthday was the worst day I had ever had."
र जसरी वर्तमान परफेक्टको साथमा हामी विगतको पूर्णको *लागि* प्रयोग गर्छौं।
She had been working tirelessly for months, hoping that her efforts would eventually yield significant results.
उनले महिनौंदेखि अथक परिश्रम गरिरहेकी थिइन्, यस आशामा कि उनको प्रयासले अन्ततः महत्त्वपूर्ण नतिजा ल्याउनेछ।
to regard
हेर्नु वा विचार गर्नु
He had been regarding her with suspicion long before the truth came out.
to sneak
सुटुक्क छिर्नु
They had been sneaking out of the house every night to meet their friends.
to meddle
हस्तक्षेप गर्नु
She had been meddling in their affairs for months without their knowledge.
अब *भविष्यमा निरन्तरता (+ -ing हुनेछ/हुनेछैन) भन्ने कालमा जाऔं।*
हामी यसलाई *भविष्यमा एक निश्चित समयमा प्रगतिमा हुने भविष्यका कार्यहरूको बारेमा कुरा गर्न प्रयोग गर्छौं:*
"When you come home, I'll be boarding a plane."
वा केहि हामीले *नयाँ, फरक वा अस्थायी रूपमा देख्छौं:*
"Today we're taking the bus but next week we'll be taking the train."।
to extort
ब्ल्याकमेल गर्नु वा धम्क्याएर पैसा असुल्नु
The corrupt officials will be extorting money from local businesses for protection.
to falter
हिचकिचाउनु
The novice speaker will be faltering during his first big presentation.
to gauge
नाप्नु
The scientist will be gauging the reactions of the participants in the experiment.
to grapple
जुध्नु
The team will be grappling with the complex problem throughout the week.
The construction on the main road will be hindering traffic flow for the next few weeks.
मुख्य सडकमा भइरहेको निर्माण कार्यले आगामी केही हप्तासम्म यातायातको प्रवाहमा बाधा पुर्याउनेछ।
भविष्यको लागि हामी *भविष्यमा पूर्ण (हुने/हुने छैन + अतीत पार्टिसिपल) प्रयोग गर्दछौं।* यो काल प्रयोग गरिन्छ जब हामी कुनै कुराको बारेमा कुरा गर्छौं जुन *भविष्यमा निश्चित समय भन्दा पहिले पूरा हुनेछ।
"Will you have gone to bed when I get back?"
हामीले समयावधि दिनको लागि वा एक दिनको समयमा/दुई महिनाको समयमा/पाँच वर्षको समयमा* (अवधिको अन्त्यमा) जस्ता वाक्यांशहरू प्रयोग* *गर्न* *सक्छौं* *।* जसमा कार्य सम्पन्न हुनेछ ।
"By the time I finish this course, I will have revised all English tenses."
"In three years' time, I'll have graduated from university."।
to inhibit
रोक्नु वा बाधा पुऱ्याउनु
By the end of the year, the new regulations will have inhibited further development in the area.
to lack
अभाव हुनु
By the time the project is completed, we will have lacked the necessary resources to achieve the desired results.
to magnify
ठूलो बनाउनु
The telescope will have magnified the distant stars, making them visible to the naked eye.
to laugh
हाँस्नु
By the time the party is over, everyone will have laughed at the hilarious jokes and stories.
By the end of the year, the company will have abandoned its outdated policies in favor of more innovative practices.
वर्षको अन्त्यसम्ममा, कम्पनीले आफ्ना पुराना नीतिहरू त्यागेर थप नवीन अभ्यासहरू अपनाइसकेको हुनेछ।
to outline
रूपरेखा तयार गर्नु
By the end of the meeting, we will have outlined the entire project plan in detail.
हामीले अब *सबै अंग्रेजी कालहरू परिमार्जन गरेका छौं।* यद्यपि, हामीले कतिपय परिस्थितिहरूमा तिनीहरूलाई कसरी संयोजन गर्ने भनेर परिमार्जन गरेका छैनौं... *केही अवस्थाहरूमा।*
म कहाँ जाँदैछु तपाईं देख्न सक्नुहुन्छ। अब हामी *सर्तहरू* परिमार्जन गर्न जाँदैछौं किनभने धेरै मानिसहरूले तिनीहरूमा गल्ती गर्छन्।
म शर्त गर्छु कि तपाईं आफ्नो परीक्षामा ती बहुमूल्य अंकहरू गुमाउन चाहनुहुन्न त्यसैले काममा लागौं!
Practice makes perfect!
अभ्यासले मानिसलाई निपुण बनाउँछ!
अंग्रेजीमा *4 मुख्य सर्तहरू छन्: शून्य, पहिलो, दोस्रो, र तेस्रो* ... र त्यसपछि त्यहाँ *मिश्रित सर्तहरू* पनि छन्, तर पहिले ती 'सजिलो'हरूलाई परिमार्जन गरौं।
सर्तहरूले *निश्चित अवस्थाको परिणाम वर्णन गर्दछ।* *यदि क्लजले* तपाईलाई *अवस्था* बताउँछ र *मुख्य क्लजले* तपाईलाई *नतिजा* बताउँछ।
"If you study hard, you will pass the exam."
खण्डहरूको क्रमले अर्थ परिवर्तन गर्दैन। तर विराम चिन्हबाट सावधान!
If I finish this course, I will be ready for the IELTS exam!
यदि मैले यो पाठ्यक्रम पूरा गरें भने, म आईईएलटीएस (IELTS) परीक्षाको लागि तयार हुनेछु!
शून्य सर्त मात्र *तथ्यमा आधारित छ।* *दुवै पक्षमा* *वर्तमान सरल* काल छ:
"If you freeze water, it becomes solid."
*विराम चिन्हबाट सावधान!* हामी यसलाई यदि क्लज *पछि* प्रयोग गर्छौं तर यसको अगाडि होइन!
"Water becomes solid if you freeze it."।
to bestow
प्रदान गर्नु
If you consistently demonstrate excellence, the organization bestows awards upon you.
to betray
धोका दिनु
If you betray someone's trust, they do not forgive you easily.
You circumvent many common issues if you follow the proper guidelines.
यदि तपाईंले उचित दिशानिर्देशहरू पालना गर्नुभयो भने तपाईं धेरै सामान्य समस्याहरूबाट बच्न सक्नुहुन्छ।
to confess
स्वीकार गर्नु
If you confess your mistakes, people appreciate your honesty.
to confine
सीमित गर्नु
If you confine your creativity, you do not reach your full potential.
*पहिलो सशर्त* *भविष्यका परिस्थितिहरूको लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ जुन हामी विश्वास गर्छौं कि सम्भव छ:*
"If it rains, we will stay at home."
*यदि/जब क्लज + उपस्थित सरल, will + infinitive*
तपाईले प्रयोगहरूमा पनि बम्प गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ जस्तै *, जब सम्म, चाँडै,* वा *यदि को* *सट्टामा* ।
"I'll leave as soon as Lucy arrives."
"I don't want to do it unless you treat me with respect."
"I will show you to the kitchen in case you get hungry."
"You can call my sister as long as you stay just friends."।
to deplore
निन्दा गर्नु
If the company implements unfair policies, employees will deplore the management's decisions.
to invoke
आह्वान गर्नु
If the situation becomes dire, the leader will invoke emergency powers.
If you don't handle the machinery carefully, it might maim you.
यदि तपाईंले मेसिनरी सावधानीपूर्वक चलाउनुभएन भने, यसले तपाईंलाई अंगभंग गर्न सक्छ।
to grab
समात्नु
If you see a good opportunity, you will grab it without hesitation.
*दोस्रो सशर्त* असम्भव परिस्थितिहरूको लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ जुन *सम्भव छैन:*
"If we moved to a bigger house, we could get another dog."
संरचना: *यदि खण्ड + अतीत सरल, इच्छा + अनन्त*
जब *क्रिया be द्वारा पछ्याइएको छ* , यो व्याकरणीय रूपमा सही छ यसलाई *निम्न* रूपमा प्रयोग गर्न: "if I were, if she were."
यसरी हामी व्यक्त गर्न सक्छौं कि *निश्चित अवस्था अन्तर्गत सम्भावना* छ र यो पुरानो अंग्रेजीबाट आएको हो।
यद्यपि, तपाइँ सामान्यतया प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ र सुन्न सक्नुहुन्छ *यदि उनी/उनी थिए* र यो पनि *सही* छ।
"I wouldn't do that if I were you."
"If she was president, she would invest in education more."
"If he were a little nicer, I would consider him a good match."।
If I were as nimble as a gymnast, I would join the acrobatics team.
यदि म जिमनास्ट जस्तै फुर्तिलो भएको भए, म एक्रोब्याटिक्स टोलीमा सामेल हुने थिएँ।
to salivate
र्याल काढ्नु
If you placed a delicious meal in front of him, he would start to salivate instantly.
to staple
स्टेपल गर्नु
If we ran out of staples, we would find it difficult to complete our reports efficiently.
to summarize
सारांशमा भन्नुपर्दा
If we had more time, we could summarize the report in greater detail.
अब यो वास्तविक वा हुन सक्छ ... अवास्तविक? *तेस्रो सर्तमा* जाऔं। यो *विभिन्न विगत कल्पना* गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। सामान्यतया जब हामी केहि *पछुताउँछौं* वा *विगत परिवर्तन* गर्न चाहन्छौं ... तर यो *सम्भव छैन* ।
"If I had paid more attention, I wouldn't have to study as much."
संरचना: *यदि + भूतकाल पूर्ण, हुनेछ + अतीत पार्टिसिपल* ।
If she had squeezed through the narrow gap, she would have reached the exit in time.
यदि उनी साँघुरो अन्तरबाट छिरेकी भए, उनी समयमै निकासमा पुग्ने थिइन्।
to suppress
दमन गर्नु
If the government had suppressed the evidence, the truth would never have come to light.
to tweak
मिलाउनु
If she had tweaked the formula slightly, the experiment might have been successful.
to digest
पचाउनु
If I had properly digested all the information, I would have understood the topic better.
to evaluate
मूल्याङ्कन गर्न
If we had evaluated the risks more thoroughly, we would have avoided the project's major setbacks.
र अब 'फाइनल मालिक'। हो, तपाईंले अनुमान गर्नुभएको छ... *मिश्रित सर्तहरू* ।
हामी तिनीहरूलाई प्रयोग गर्न सक्छौं जब हामी *वर्तमानको परिणामको साथ विगतको परिवर्तन कल्पना गर्छौं वा विगतमा परिणामको साथ वर्तमान परिवर्तन* ।
के तपाईलाई यसको अर्थ छैन जस्तो लाग्छ? केही उदाहरणहरू जाँच गरौं:
"If I hadn't got the job in Tokyo, I wouldn't be with my current partner."
यस अवस्थामा हामी कल्पना गर्छौं कि विगतमा भएको परिवर्तनले वर्तमानमा कस्तो परिणाम ल्याउनेछ।
संरचना: *यदि + अतीत पूर्ण, इच्छा + अनन्त*
"It's really important. If it wasn't, I wouldn't have called you on your holiday."
यहाँ वक्ताले वर्तमान परिस्थितिमा आएको परिवर्तनले विगतमा भएको परिवर्तनलाई कसरी प्रभाव पार्ने भन्ने कुरा बताउनुहुन्छ।
संरचना: *यदि + अतीत सरल, हुनेछ + अतीत पार्टिसिपल* ।
hawk
बाज
If he had studied ornithology, he would be able to identify that bird as a hawk now.
arduous
कठिन
If she had not taken on such an arduous task, she would have more energy now.
If he had been more meticulous with his work, he would be enjoying a promotion right now.
यदि उनले आफ्नो काममा अझ बढी ध्यान दिएको भए, उनी अहिले पदोन्नतिको आनन्द लिइरहेका हुने थिए।
If she were more proactive, her success would have been contingent on her hard work and dedication.
यदि उनी अझ सक्रिय भएको भए, उनको सफलता उनको कडा परिश्रम र समर्पणमा निर्भर हुने थियो।
vibrant
ऊर्जावान
If she were more outgoing, she would have made a vibrant speech at the conference last week.
यो पाठ्यक्रमको *अन्त्य* हो! मलाई आशा छ कि यसले तपाईंलाई मद्दत गर्यो!
*तपाईको IELTS को लागी शुभकामना !!!* ।
Break a leg!
शुभकामना!
I have a big audition tomorrow." "Break a leg!