IELTS - Tayyorgarlik kursiInglizcha so'zlar
by DuoCards
*IELTS magistratura kursiga xush kelibsiz!*
Biz *asosiy lug'at, grammatika zamonlari, yuqori ball olish uchun maslahatlar va fokuslarni* ko'rib chiqamiz. Kurs *nutq va yozish* bilan boshlanadi, *keng tarqalgan xatolarga* e'tibor qaratiladi, so'ngra *zamon* va *yangi lug'atni ko'rib chiqadi.* Grammatika oson boshlanadi va yanada rivojlangan.
*Gapirish qismidan boshlaylik.ðŸ’*
Buni suhbat sifatida o'ylab ko'ring - xotirjam va tabiiy bo'lishga harakat qiling.
Yodlangan javoblardan qochish yaxshidir, chunki imtihonchilar odatda aytishlari mumkin.
Har kuni ozgina gapirishga harakat qiling, hatto o'zingiz yoki AI bilan bo'lsa ham - bu haqiqatan ham farq qiladi!
Biz ravonroq ovoz berish uchun ishlatishingiz mumkin bo'lgan bir nechta qulay iboralarni jamladik. Faqat ularni ortiqcha ishlatmaslik uchun ehtiyot bo'ling - muvozanat muhim ahamiyatga ega.
*Omad tilaymiz!*
Let's roll!
Qani, boshladik!
When the movie was about to start, the director shouted, "Let's roll!
to kick things off
boshlash uchun
To kick things off, I would like to introduce our guest speaker.
on the flip side
boshqa tomondan
I know that the weather is great for a picnic today, but on the flip side, it might be too hot for some people.
it goes without saying
o'z-o'zidan ravshanki
It goes without saying that you should always wear a seatbelt while driving.
to sum up
xulosa qilib aytganda
To summarize, the report highlights the key findings of our research and provides recommendations for future action.
to put it differently
boshqacha aytganda
To put it differently, exercise is not just about physical health but also about mental well-being.
in a nutshell
qisqacha aytganda
To put it in a nutshell, we need to work harder to achieve our goals.
to draw a parallel
parallel o'tkazmoq
To draw a parallel, just as exercise strengthens the body, reading regularly strengthens the mind.
to play a crucial role in
...da hal qiluvchi rol o'ynamoq
Dedicated teachers play a crucial role in shaping the future of their students.
to put it simply
oddiy qilib aytganda
To put it simply, the project was a failure.
to delve deeper into this
ushbu masalani chuqurroq o'rganish
To delve deeper into this, one must consider the long-term impacts of climate change on coastal communities.
1-topshiriq ko'proq *kirishdir* . 2-topshiriqda *fikringizni* va ehtimol *his-tuyg'ularingizni* ifodalashingiz kerak.
Keling, qanday iboralarni ishlatishingiz mumkinligini ko'rib chiqaylik:
in my opinion
mening fikrimcha
In my opinion, this movie is really good.
on one hand, on the other hand
bir tomondan, ikkinchi tomondan
On one hand, online education offers flexibility and accessibility. On the other hand, it can lack the personal interaction that traditional classrooms provide.
I firmly believe that
Men qat'iy ishonamanki,
I firmly believe that investing in healthcare infrastructure is vital for the well-being of a nation.
as far as I'm concerned
mening fikrimcha
As far as I'm concerned, the best way to learn English is to practice speaking it every day.
for instance
masalan
I like to do outdoor activities, for instance, hiking and camping.
an emerging trend is
yangi paydo bo'layotgan tendensiya shuki,
An emerging trend is the shift towards remote work, which has been accelerated by recent global events.
it's worth noting that
shuni ta'kidlash joizki,
It's worth noting that bilingual individuals often have cognitive advantages over monolinguals.
striking a balance between
o'rtasida muvozanatni saqlash
Striking a balance between work and leisure is essential for maintaining mental health and overall happiness.
Endi nutq testining 3-qismida siz *mavhum g'oyalar haqida gapira* olishingiz kerak. Buning uchun siz imtihonchilarni hayratda qoldirish uchun *majoziy til va idiomalardan* foydalanishingiz mumkin. Lekin faqat haqiqatan ham bilganlaringizdan foydalaning, agar xato qilsangiz, bu ko'proq ball olib tashlanadi.
down in the dumps
tushkunlikka tushgan
I've been feeling down in the dumps since I lost my job.
over the moon
osmonning yettinchi qavatida
I was over the moon when I found out I got the job.
lose track of time
vaqt o'tganini sezmay qolmoq
I was so absorbed in my book that I lost track of time and missed my appointment.
look on the bright side
Yaxshi tomoniga qarang
I know you didn't get the job you wanted, but look on the bright side - you have a lot of experience now and can apply for other positions.
not my cup of tea
bu menga unchalik yoqmaydi
I don't really like horror movies, they're not my cup of tea.
*Ajoyib ish!* Siz eng keng tarqalgan iboralarni o'rgandingiz.
Bunga asoslanib, men sizga barcha nutq vazifalarida *muvofiqlik va muloqot qobiliyatingizni* oshirish uchun yana bir nechta narsalarni beraman.
*Bu sizning ikkinchi tabiatingizga aylanmaguncha ularni ataylab mashq qilganingizga ishonch hosil qiling ^^*
I couldn't agree more
Sizga to'liq qo'shilaman
I couldn't agree more. We need to work together to find a solution.
to wrap things up
xulosa qilib aytganda
I'd like to thank everyone for coming today. To wrap things up, I just want to remind you of our next meeting date.
building on that
shundan kelib chiqib
Building on that, we can see how technological advancements not only improve our daily lives but also open up new opportunities for innovation and growth in various industries.
to be well-off
boy bo'lmoq
My neighbor is well-off. He drives a luxury car and has a big house.
to be fed up
joniga tegmoq
I'm fed up with this job. I need to find something new.
a hot potato
noqulay masala
The issue of gun control is a hot potato in the United States.
in my personal experience
shaxsiy tajribamdan kelib chiqib
In my personal experience, studying abroad has greatly enhanced my understanding of different cultures and improved my language skills.
in light of these considerations
ushbu mulohazalarni inobatga olgan holda
In light of these considerations, it is clear that stricter environmental regulations are necessary to combat climate change effectively.
to twist someone's arm
birovni ko'ndirmoq
She didn't want to go to the party, but her friends twisted her arm.
without a shadow of doubt
hech qanday shubhasiz
Without a shadow of a doubt, investing in education is one of the best ways to ensure a prosperous future for our society.
Yana bir narsa, gapirishda *xedjlash* tilidan foydalanish juda muhimdir.
Nutqingizda *noaniqlikni ifodalash* uchun siz himoya iboralaridan foydalanishingiz mumkin.
"It could be..."
"This might be..."
Nozik mavzular haqida kuchli da'vo va bayonotlardan ehtiyot bo'ling. Nutqingizni yumshoqroq va sezgirroq qilish uchun to'siqlardan foydalaning.
It might well be that...
Ehtimol... Shunday bo'lishi mumkinki...
It might well be that the rise in remote work will lead to significant changes in how cities are designed in the future..
I am not sure but...
Unchalik amin emasman-u, lekin...
I am not sure but it seems that learning multiple languages can enhance cognitive abilities and cultural understanding.
As it seems that...
Ko'rinishidan...
As it seems that climate change is accelerating, urgent action from all nations is required to mitigate its effects.
It might look...
Bu ... ko'rinishi mumkin
It might look like a simple solution, but implementing renewable energy on a large scale involves complex planning and significant investment.
Endi biz *yozishda eng ko'p uchraydigan xatolarni* ko'rib chiqishimiz kerak.
Yozuvda siz tasvirlashingiz kerak bo'lgan *shtrixli grafiklarni* (grafiklar, diagrammalar va diagrammalar) uchratishingiz mumkin. Ko'pchilik qanday qilib va keraksiz ochko yo'qotishini bilmaydi. *Bu siz bo'lmaysiz!*
Bu erda sizga yozish vazifalarini bajarishga yordam beradigan ba'zi lug'atlar mavjud.
pie chart
doirasimon diagramma
A pie chart can be used to show the percentage of students in a class who prefer different types of music.
line graph
chiziqli grafik
The line graph depicts the changes in unemployment rates over the last decade.
bar graph
ustunli diagramma
The bar graph shows the population of five countries in 2020.
bar chart
ustunli diagramma
A bar chart comparing the sales of different products in a store.
to compare
solishtirmoq
The data compare the performance of students in mathematics and science.
to imply
shama qilmoq
The results of the study imply that exercise can reduce stress.
to indicate
ishora qilmoq
The data indicated a decrease in sales.
similar
o'xshash
The two graphs are very similar.
to illustrate
tasvirlab bermoq
The graph illustrates the relationship between education level and income.
to depict
tasvirlamoq
The chart depicts the annual rainfall in different regions.
from the graph it is clear
grafikdan ko'rinib turibdiki,
From the graph, it is clear that the majority of respondents prefer digital over print media.
Bir maslahat: agar siz buni yozmoqchi bo'lsangiz: so'z bilan *%* .
To'g'ri yo'l - *foiz*
per cent
foiz
10 per cent increase
Yozishda iloji boricha *uyg'un* bo'lishga harakat qiling. Har bir yangi fikr uchun yangi paragrafni boshlang.
Har doim imlo va grammatikangizni ikki marta tekshiring. Iltimos, *savolga to'liq javob* bering. Siz yozmoqchi bo'lgan narsalar haqida yozmang yoki savolga qisman javob bermang.
Sizdan nima talab qilinishi haqida yozing.
Shuningdek, men sizga *tinish belgilari bo'yicha bir nechta maslahatlar* beraman, chunki ko'p odamlar uni qanday qilib to'g'ri ishlatishni bilishmaydi.
Inglizcha *tinish belgilari* boshqacha va ba'zida bu *hayotni saqlab qolishi mumkin!*
"Time to eat children. vs Time to eat, children."
Bu yerda nimani nazarda tutayotganimni tushuna olasizmi?
To'g'ridan-to'g'ri nutqdan oldin vergul qo'yamiz.
"She said, 'hurry up'!"
Shuningdek, biz har doim iboralardan keyin vergul qo'yishimiz kerak, ammo shunga qaramay, rostini aytsam va hokazo.
however
shunday bo'lsa-da
She is very talented. However, she lacks confidence.
nevertheless
shunday bo'lsa-da
I know it's raining. Nevertheless, I'm going for a walk.
to be honest
rostini aytsam
To be honest, I didn't like the movie.
firstly
birinchidan
Firstly, I would like to thank everyone for coming today.
first of all
avvalo
First of all, let's discuss the main issues we need to address.
moreover
bundan tashqari
The hotel has a great location. Moreover, the staff is very friendly.
furthermore
bundan tashqari
I don't think we should go out tonight. Furthermore, it's supposed to rain.
conversely
aksiga olib
Some people believe that money brings happiness. Conversely, others believe that money can't buy happiness.
*Ko'proq narsalar haqida gapirganda vergul qo'yishimiz mumkin, lekin shart emas* .
"I like Eva, Marina, and Nicol."va boshqalar "I love cats, dogs and horses."
Biroq, ba'zida vergul qo'shmasangiz *, bu biroz chalkash bo'lishi mumkin* :
"I love my parents, Bill Gates and Pamela Anderson."
Afsuski, Bill Geyts va Pamela Anderson mening ota-onam emas. Shuning uchun ular orasiga ham vergul qo'yilgan ma'qul.
to adhere
yopishmoq
The tape adheres well to the wall.
antiquity
antik davr
In antiquity, people relied on natural remedies and herbs for healing before the advent of modern medicine.
conscious
hushida
She was conscious throughout the surgery.
faulty
nuqsonli
The engineer inspected the machine and found several issues: a faulty valve, a broken circuit, and a worn-out gear.
Yakuniy savol: *Sifatlar orasiga qachon vergul qo'yish kerak?*
Sifatlar orasiga vergul qo'yamiz, agar foydalanish mumkin bo'lsa *va* uning o'rniga:
"He is a nice and friendly man"-> "He is nice, friendly man."
Ammo, *agar biz ular orasida va ishlata olmasak, vergul qo'yilmaydi* :
"I adore delicious French croissants."
Bu erda mazali va frantsuz kruvasanlarini aytish mantiqiy bo'lmaydi.
scrumptious
mazali
She cooked a scrumptious meal for us.
to purchase something
nimadir sotib olmoq
I need to purchase some new clothes for the party.
previous
oldingi
The previous owner of the house left some furniture behind.
to attend
qatnashmoq
I will attend the school meeting tomorrow.
*Odatda, lekin/va oldidan vergul qo'ymang.*
"I want to swim in the ocean but I am terrified of sharks."
*Agar pauza qilmoqchi bo'lsangiz,* vergul qo'yishimiz mumkin. Bunday holda, siz sezgiingizga qarab vergulni qaerga qo'yish kerakligini aniqlab olishingiz kerak.
"My best friend loves snakes, but not all of my friends like them."
Biz *jumla mavzusini o'zgartirganda* verguldan ham foydalanamiz:
"My teacher is very strict sometimes, but that's what I like about her."
Bundan tashqari, agar siz *ergash gap bilan boshlasangiz* , siz ham verguldan foydalanishingiz kerak, lekin biz bu haqda shartli so'zlarda gaplashdik.
"If you have time, call me."
to elucidate
oydinlik kiritmoq
Could you please elucidate your point? I'm not sure I understand.
to lament
faryod qilmoq
He sat alone in his room, lamenting his decision to drop out of college.
inexhorable
shafqatsiz
The inexorable rise of global temperatures highlights the urgent need for action on climate change.
ephemeral
o'tkinchi
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
*Tabriklaymiz! Siz buni amaliy qismdan o'tkazdingiz. Endi grammatika vaqti keldi!*
Biz *Present simple dan* boshlaymiz, bu eng asosiy grammatika, lekin hatto ilg'or ingliz tilini o'rganuvchilar ham *3-shaxs birlik yoki savollarda xatolarga yo'l* qo'yishadi, iltimos, hech bo'lmaganda biroz o'zgartirishga harakat qiling.
Biz present simpledan foydalanamiz:
*hozirgi paytda to'g'ri* bo'lgan narsalar: "I like ice cream"
*muntazam ravishda* sodir bo'ladigan narsa: "I play tennis every Sunday"
*har doim to'g'ri* bo'lgan narsa : "Water boils at 100 degrees"
to suffer
azob chekmoq
He suffers from anxiety and depression.
The consistent increase in urban population density significantly enhances the demand for public transportation infrastructure.
Shahar aholisi zichligining barqaror o'sib borishi jamoat transporti infratuzilmasiga bo'lgan talabni sezilarli darajada oshiradi.
to not mind doing something
biror narsa qilishga qarshi bo'lmaslik
I don't mind walking in the dark. I am not scared.
to research
tadqiq qilmoq
I need to do some research for my history paper.
to be keen on
qiziqmoq
She is keen on learning new languages.
unless
agar ... -masa
I won't go to the party unless my friend comes with me.
*3-shaxsdan ehtiyot bo'ling!* Agar siz uni o'tkazib yuborsangiz, imtihonchilar ballarni olib tashlashadi.
u, u, u - yoqtiradi, xohlaydi, qiladi ...
Biz hayvonlarga murojaat qilsak, biz undan foydalanamiz.
Biz hayvonlar bilan yaxshi munosabatda bo'lsak, jinsdan foydalanishimiz mumkin. "My dog is called Miky, I love him!"
Ko'p odamlar bilan ehtiyot bo'ling: "My mother and I are ..."
The advanced coating effectively shields the spacecraft from harmful cosmic radiation.
Zamonaviy qoplama kosmik kemani zararli kosmik nurlanishdan samarali himoya qiladi.
to rotate
aylantirmoq
The Earth rotates on its axis.
John and I are orphans.
Jon va men yetimmiz.
to reflect
aks ettirmoq
His behaviour reflects his true self.
to alleviate
yumshatmoq
The new policy alleviates the financial burden on low-income families.
*Savollar:*
Savollarda *do/do dan* foydalanamiz: "Do you play the piano? Does she like him?"
Biz uni *savol so'zlari bilan* ham ishlatamiz: "Where do Anjela and Rita work? What time does he finish?"
*LEKIN! Do/does dan foydalanmaydigan savollar* : "Who lives in London? Who plays football?"
species
tur
Why do scientists classify different species of plants and animals?
What type of insecticide is most effective against aphids?
Shiralarga qarshi qaysi turdagi insektitsid eng samarali hisoblanadi?
vast
ulkan
What makes the Sahara Desert such a vast and inhospitable region?
swarm
to'da
What role does communication play in the behavior of a swarm?
proliferation
ko'payish
How does the proliferation of technology impact our daily lives?
to refute
rad etmoq
How do you refute the claim that renewable energy sources are too costly to implement?
*Salbiy tomonlari:*
Nutqda biz kelishiklardan foydalanishimiz mumkin; ammo, *rasmiy elektron pochta yoki insholarda biz uzun shakldan foydalanishimiz kerak.*
qilmang (uzun shakl) = qilmang (qisqa shakl): "I don't like fast food."
does not = qilmaydi: "She doesn't want to come."
to rival
raqobatlashmoq
The new technology does not rival the efficiency of traditional methods.
to amplify
kuchaytirmoq
The small speaker doesn't amplify the sound enough for the large room.
male
erkak
He does not exhibit the typical characteristics associated with male behavior in the species.
ostentatious
ko'z-ko'z qiladigan
He doesn't appreciate people who are ostentatious in their behavior.
Keling *, hozir davom etaylik!*
Bizga har doim *be fe'lining hozirgi zamoni va fe'l oxirida -ing* kerak.
Biz undan gaplashish uchun foydalanamiz:
*Nutq paytida sodir bo'ladigan harakatlar.*
to generate
yaratish
The wind turbines are currently generating renewable energy for the entire region.
to become
bo'lmoq
The company is becoming a leader in renewable energy.
to outlast
bardosh bermoq
He is outlasting all his competitors in the marathon.
ubiquitous
hamma joyda uchraydigan
Smartphones are becoming ubiquitous, changing the way we communicate.
Lekin biz hozirgi davomli zamonni *kelajak rejalari va kelishuvlari* uchun ham ishlatamiz.
Biz kelajakda nimadir *'100% rejalashtirilgan'* ekanligini bilganimizda.
Kimdir 90% deydi, kimdir 99%... Men 100% deyishga jur'at etaman, agar nimadir fojiali hodisa sodir bo'lmasa.
to hunt
ov qilmoq
They are going hunting next weekend.
Next week we are preparing survival kits for the camping trip.
Kelgusi hafta biz lager safari uchun omon qolish to'plamlarini tayyorlaymiz.
to harm
zarar yetkazmoq
She is advocating for policies that prevent chemicals from harming the environment.
among
orasida
Tensions are rising among the team members as the deadline approaches.
*Biz turg'un fe'llar bilan davom etmaymiz.*
Fikrlash va his qilishning turg'un fe'llari: "believe, dislike, know, like, love, hate, prefer, realise, recognize, remember, suppose, think (believe), understand, want, and wish"
Sezgilarning turg'un fe'llari: "appear, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, taste"
Va boshqa turg'un fe'llar: "agree, be, belong, disagree, need, owe, own, possess?"
to prefer
afzal ko'rmoq
She prefers tea to coffee.
to suppose
taxmin qilmoq
I suppose we should leave now to avoid the traffic.
to owe
qarzdor bo'lmoq
I owe you an explanation for my behavior.
to belong
tegishli bo'lmoq
These books belong to the library.
Biz, shuningdek *, ma'lum bir vaqtdan oldin va keyin sodir bo'layotgan narsa haqida gapirish uchun hozirgi doimiy dan foydalanamiz:*
"At eight o'clock we are usually having breakfast."
*Biz vaqtinchalik deb hisoblagan narsa bilan.*
"Michael is at university. He's studying history."
*Yangi va oldingi holatga qarama-qarshi bo'lgan narsa bilan.*
"These days most people are using email instead of writing letters."
*O'zgaruvchan, o'sib borayotgan yoki rivojlanayotgan narsa bilan.*
"The children are growing up quickly."
Michael is at university. He's studying history.
Maykl universitetda. U tarixni o'rganyapti.
to roar
bo'kirmoq
The crowd is roaring with excitement as the concert begins.
gullible
laqma
Even before the seminar, people are becoming more gullible, falling for obvious scams.
to persuade
ishontirmoq
I am working hard to persuade the committee before the deadline next Friday.
Hozirgi davomli zamon, shuningdek, *qayta-qayta sodir bo'ladigan narsalar bilan ham qo'llaniladi (ko'pincha salbiy ma'noda - biz odatda 'doimo' so'zini ishlatamiz):*
"Londonda doimo yomg'ir yog'adi."
He is always nitpicking at her and they are always arguing.
U doim uning aybini qidirib, asabiga tegadi va ular tinmay janjallashishadi.
to inundate
bosib ketmoq
She is always inundating us with unnecessary emails.
conundrum
boshqotirma
He always finds himself facing the same conundrum of choosing between his career and personal life.
to adapt
moslashmoq
We are always adapting our strategies to keep up with the rapidly changing market trends..
*O'tmish haqida gapirish* uchun biz hozirgi zamondan foydalanishimiz mumkin:
*Hikoya yoki kitob, film yoki spektakl haqida xulosa qilish.*
The other day I'm just walking down the street when suddenly this man comes up to me and asks me to lend him some money.
O'tgan kuni ko'chada ketayotsam, to'satdan bir kishi oldimga kelib, mendan qarz so'radi.
Well, he's carrying a big stick and he looks a bit dangerous, so I'm wondering what to do …
Xullas, u qo'lida katta tayoq ko'tarib olgan va biroz xavfli ko'rinyapti, shuning uchun nima qilishni bilmay turibman...
Harry Potter is a pupil at Hogwarts school. One day when he is playing Quidditch he sees a strange object in the sky. He wonders what is happening …
Garri Potter Hogvarts maktabining o'quvchisi. Kunlarning birida u Kviddich o'ynayotganida, osmonda g'alati bir narsani ko'rib qoladi. U nima bo'layotganiga qiziqib qoladi...
Endi hozir *mukammallik vaqti keldi!*
Biz uni *mavzu + ega/has + o‘tgan zamon sifatdoshi bilan izohlaymiz.*
"I have intoruduced myself."
Biz undan *o'tmishda sodir bo'lgan, ammo hozirgi kunga ta'sir qilgan* va, ehtimol, kelajakda davom etishi mumkin bo'lgan narsalar haqida gapirish uchun foydalanamiz.
I have never caught a glimpse of that.
Men buni hech qachon ko'rmaganman.
They have been pronounced husband and wife.
Ular er-xotin deb e'lon qilindi.
I have had my share of ups and downs.
Hayotimda ko'p past-balandliklarni ko'rdim.
I've just published this research I've carried out.
Men o'tkazgan ushbu tadqiqotimni hozirgina e'lon qildim.
I haven't given up on him yet.
Men hali undan umidimni uzganim yo‘q.
*Keling, borgan va bo'lgan o'rtasidagi farqni ko'rib chiqaylik:*
gone to = odam hali uzoqda
bo'lgan = odam o'sha joydan tajribaga ega, lekin allaqachon qaytib kelgan"
She has gone to Belgium. She should return in December.
U Belgiyaga ketdi. Dekabrda qaytib kelishi kerak.
He has been to many exquisite places.
U ko'plab ajoyib joylarda bo'lgan.
voracious
to'ymas
She has been to several book fairs, driven by her voracious appetite for reading.
to suggest
taklif qilmoq
I suggest we go to the new Italian restaurant downtown; I've been to it once, and the food was amazing.
Endi hammaning sevimli *sovg'asi mukammal davomli.*
Biz uni *mavzu + have/ha been + -ing* yordamida hosil qilamiz
Biz buni odatda *hozirda nimadir davom etayotganini ta'kidlash uchun ishlatamiz.*
Biz bu grammatik zamon bilan faqat dinamik fe'llardan foydalanamiz.
She has been living in whimsical Africa since 1995.
U 1995-yildan beri injiq Afrikada yashab kelmoqda.
I have been painting on this canvas all morning.
Men butun ertalab ushbu matoda rasm chizyapman.
She is all sweaty. She has been climbing that oak tree.
U butunlay terlab ketgan. U o'sha eman daraxtiga tirmashib chiqayotgan edi.
They have been cutting down these damaged pine trees.
Ushbu shikastlangan qarag'ay daraxtlarini kesib tashlashmoqda.
Aytgancha, *kelajak uchun ham hozirgi zamonning tugallangan shaklini ishlatishimiz mumkin.*
Odatda hozirgi zamonni ishlatadigan joyda, siz o'z ajoyib ingliz tilingizni namoyish etishingiz va uning o'rniga hozirgi zamonning tugallangan shaklini ishlatishingiz mumkin:
"Biz hamma kelganda boshlaymiz."
vs
"Biz hamma kelib bo'lganda boshlaymiz."
I'll keep on looking until I have found my book.
Kitobimni topmagunimcha qidirishda davom etaman.
I will not stop until I have become the best leader.
Eng yaxshi yetakchi bo'lmagunimcha to'xtamayman.
ineffable
ta'riflab bo'lmaydigan
By the time they finish the project, the team will have created an ineffable masterpiece.
resilient
bardoshli
By next year, she will have become even more resilient in handling challenges.
anticipate
oldindan ko'ra bilmoq
By the time the project is completed, we will have anticipated all potential challenges and addressed them accordingly.
Biz hozirgi zamonni tekshirdik, endi *oddiy o'tmish vaqti keldi.* Biz undan gaplashish uchun foydalanamiz:
- *o'tmishda sodir bo'lgan* narsa - "I crashed my car into a bridge last week."
- *o'tmishda bir necha bor sodir bo'lgan* narsa - "I made jokes about him each time I saw him."
- *o'tmishda bir muncha vaqt to'g'ri bo'lgan* narsa - "I lacked motivation for my exam, that's why it took me 3 attempts."
- biz o'tmishda *iborani* ishlatamiz - "I met my wife 30 years ago."
Past simpleda biz odatda *fe'llarga -ed* qo'shamiz. Ammo o'zlashtirish uchun qo'shimcha vaqt kerak bo'lgan *tartibsiz fe'llar* mavjud.
Keling, uchta shaklda farq qiladiganlardan boshlaylik:
to bear (bore, borne)
bardosh bermoq
to blow (blew, blown)
esmoq
The strong wind blew the papers off the table.
to be (was/were, been)
bo'lmoq
She was the top performer in last night's talent show.
to shake (shook, shaken)
silkitmoq
She shook the rug to remove the dust.
to shrink (shrank, shrunk)
kichraymoq
The sweater shrank in the wash, so now it's too small for me to wear.
to tear (tore, torn)
yirtmoq
I accidentally tore my shirt on a nail.
Keling *, o'tgan zamon va o'tgan zamon shakllarida bir xil shaklga ega bo'lgan tartibsiz fe'llarning ayrim misollarini keltiramiz:*
to creep (crept, crept)
o'rmalab bormoq (yashirincha harakatlanmoq)
I crept up the stairs so as not to wake the baby.
to cling (clung, clung)
yopishib olmoq
The child clung to his mother's hand as they walked through the crowded mall.
to mean (meant, meant)
niyat qilmoq
I meant to call you yesterday, but I got busy with work.
to seek (sought, sought)
qidirmoq
She sought help from her friends.
to spin (span/spun, spun)
aylanmoq
The dancer spun gracefully across the stage during her performance.
to sting (stung, stung)
chaqmoq (sanchmoq)
The bee stung him on the arm while he was gardening.
to breed (bred, bred)
ko'paytirish uchun
The farmers bred the cattle for increased milk production.
to light (lit, lit)
yoritmoq
She lit the candles before the guests arrived.
to sweep (swept, swept)
supurmoq
She swept the leaves from the driveway.
to shoot (shot, shot)
otmoq
The basketball player shot the ball into the hoop.
Keyin bizda ham *o'zgarmagan 3 shakl mavjud:*
to upset (upset, upset)
xafa qilmoq
The news upset him deeply, leaving him in a somber mood all day.
to bid (bid, bid)
xayrlashmoq
She bid farewell to her friends as she left for her new job abroad.
Va ko'p odamlar *yolg'on gapirish (yolg'on gapirish), yolg'on gapirish (yuzada yotish) va yotish (yotmoq) fe'llarida o'tgan zamon va kesimni aralashtirib yuborishadi:*
to lie (lied, lied)
yolg'on gapirmoq
He lied about his whereabouts to avoid getting into trouble.
to lie on a surface (lay, lain)
yuzada yotmoq
The cat lay on the sunny windowsill all afternoon.
to lay (laid, laid)
qo'ymoq
She laid the baby down in the crib.
Ko'p odamlar gipotezalarda hozirgi yoki kelajak haqida gapirganda (biror narsani tasavvur qilganingizda) o'tmishdan oddiy foydalanishimiz mumkinligini unutishadi.
"Imagine you won the lottery. What would you do?"
Imagine you encountered an ancient artifact. How perplexed would you be by its origins?
Tasavvur qiling, siz qadimiy artefaktga duch keldingiz. Uning kelib chiqishi sizni qanchalik hayratda qoldirgan bo'lardi?
Endi biz unchalik ko'p ishlatilmaydigan zamon haqida gapiramiz. Ammo bu ko'pincha sinovlarda bo'ladi va siz unga real hayotda ham duch kelishingiz mumkin!
Biz *o'tmishdagi ma'lum bir nuqtaga qadar vaqt* haqida gapirish uchun *past perfect simple (had + past partciple) dan* foydalanamiz:
"She had published her first book by the time she was ten."
Bundan tashqari *, ikkita o'tgan voqea tartibini ko'rsatish uchun foydalanamiz.* Past perfect oldingi harakatni va past simple keyingi harakatni ko'rsatadi:
"When I got home I realized I had forgotten to buy groceries."
"Sadly, the author died before he'd finished the series."
Biz ko'pincha bu zamon bilan *allaqachon, hali, faqat, hech yoki hech qachon* ishlatamiz.
"She was the most astonishing woman I had ever seen."
to scurry
shoshilib yugurmoq
By the time the storm hit, the mice had already scurried into their burrows.
to snuggle
bag'riga bosmoq
The children had snuggled under the blankets before the power went out.
to neglect
e'tiborsiz qoldirmoq
She had neglected to water the plants for weeks, and they had all wilted.
By the time the final exam started, the sheer amount of material to review had already overwhelmed the students.
Yakuniy imtihon boshlanguniga qadar, takrorlanishi kerak bo'lgan materialning ko'pligi talabalarni allaqachon charchatib qo'ygan edi.
to testify
guvohlik bermoq
The witness had testified in court before the new evidence was discovered.
Biz *o'tmishda boshlangan va ma'lum bir vaqtning o'zida davom etgan* narsa uchun *past mukammal davomiylikdan* foydalanamiz:
"When George died, he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years."
yoki *o'tmishdagi bir nuqtadan oldin bir necha marta sodir bo'lgan va shu nuqtadan keyin davom etgan narsa uchun:*
"He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager."
yoki *o'tmishdagi tajribamiz haqida xabar berganimizda:*
"My thirtieth birthday was the worst day I had ever had."
va xuddi Present Perfect bilan bo'lgani kabi, biz *for va since* Past perfect bilan ishlatamiz.
She had been working tirelessly for months, hoping that her efforts would eventually yield significant results.
U oylar davomida tinimsiz mehnat qildi va sa'y-harakatlari oxir-oqibat sezilarli natijalar berishiga umid qildi.
to regard
qaramoq
He had been regarding her with suspicion long before the truth came out.
to sneak
bildirmasdan kirmoq
They had been sneaking out of the house every night to meet their friends.
to meddle
aralashmoq
She had been meddling in their affairs for months without their knowledge.
Endi *kelasi davomli (+ -ing bo‘ladi/bo‘lmaydi) deb ataladigan zamonga o‘tamiz.*
Biz undan *kelajakda ma'lum bir vaqtda amalga oshiriladigan kelajakdagi harakatlar haqida gapirish uchun foydalanamiz:*
"When you come home, I'll be boarding a plane."
Yoki biz *yangi, boshqacha yoki vaqtinchalik deb biladigan narsa:*
"Today we're taking the bus but next week we'll be taking the train."
to extort
tovlamachilik qilmoq
The corrupt officials will be extorting money from local businesses for protection.
to falter
ikkilanish
The novice speaker will be faltering during his first big presentation.
to gauge
o'lchamoq
The scientist will be gauging the reactions of the participants in the experiment.
to grapple
kurashmoq
The team will be grappling with the complex problem throughout the week.
The construction on the main road will be hindering traffic flow for the next few weeks.
Asosiy yo'ldagi qurilish ishlari yaqin bir necha hafta davomida transport harakatiga to'sqinlik qiladi.
Kelajak uchun biz *kelasi tugallangan zamon (will/won't have + o'tgan zamon fe'li)* dan foydalanamiz. Bu zamon kelajakda ma'lum bir vaqtdan oldin tugallanadigan narsalar haqida gapirganda qo'llaniladi. *Men qaytib kelganimda, siz uxlab yotgan bo'lasizmi?* kabi iboralarni ishlatishimiz mumkin. *by* yoki *by the time* (ma'lum bir vaqtdan oldin), *in* yoki *in a day's time/in two months' time/in five years' time* (davr oxirida) kabi iboralarni ishlatib, harakatning qaysi davrda tugallanadiganligini ko'rsatishimiz mumkin. *Men bu kursni tugatganimda, barcha ingliz zamonlarini qayta ko'rib chiqaman.* *Uch yil ichida men universitetni tamomlagan bo'laman.*
to inhibit
to'sqinlik qilmoq
By the end of the year, the new regulations will have inhibited further development in the area.
to lack
yetishmaslik
By the time the project is completed, we will have lacked the necessary resources to achieve the desired results.
to magnify
kattalashtirmoq
The telescope will have magnified the distant stars, making them visible to the naked eye.
to laugh
kulmoq
By the time the party is over, everyone will have laughed at the hilarious jokes and stories.
By the end of the year, the company will have abandoned its outdated policies in favor of more innovative practices.
Yil oxiriga kelib, kompaniya eskirgan siyosatlaridan voz kechib, yanada innovatsion amaliyotlarni joriy qilgan bo'ladi.
to outline
rejalashtirmoq
By the end of the meeting, we will have outlined the entire project plan in detail.
Endi biz *barcha ingliz zamonlarini qayta ko'rib chiqdik.* Biroq, biz ularni muayyan vaziyatlarda... *ba'zi sharoitlarda qanday qilib birlashtirishni qayta ko'rib chiqmadik.*
O'ylaymanki, siz qaerga ketayotganimni ko'rasiz. Endi biz *shartlarni* qayta ko'rib chiqamiz, chunki ko'pchilik ularda xato qiladi.
Ishonchim komilki, siz imtihoningizda qimmatli ballarni yo'qotishni xohlamaysiz, shuning uchun ishga kirishaylik!
Practice makes perfect!
Mashq mukammallikka yetaklaydi!
Ingliz tilida *4 ta asosiy shartli gaplar mavjud: nol, birinchi, ikkinchi va uchinchi*... va shuningdek *aralash shartli gaplar* ham bor, lekin avval o'sha 'oson'larini ko'rib chiqaylik.
Shartli gaplar *ma'lum bir shartning natijasini* tasvirlaydi. *If clause* sizga *shartni* aytadi va *main clause* sizga *natijani* aytadi.
"If you study hard, you will pass the exam."
Gaplarning tartibi ma'noni o'zgartirmaydi. Lekin tinish belgilariga e'tibor bering!
If I finish this course, I will be ready for the IELTS exam!
Agar men ushbu kursni tugatsam, IELTS imtihoniga tayyor bo'laman!
Nolinchi shart faqat *haqiqatga asoslangan.* *Ikkala tomonda ham* *hozirgi sodda* zamon mavjud:
"If you freeze water, it becomes solid."
*Tinish belgilaridan ehtiyot bo'ling!* Biz uni if bandidan *keyin* ishlatamiz, lekin undan oldin emas!
"Water becomes solid if you freeze it."
to bestow
taqdim etmoq
If you consistently demonstrate excellence, the organization bestows awards upon you.
to betray
sotmoq
If you betray someone's trust, they do not forgive you easily.
You circumvent many common issues if you follow the proper guidelines.
Agar siz tegishli ko'rsatmalarga amal qilsangiz, ko'plab keng tarqalgan muammolarning oldini olasiz.
to confess
tan olmoq
If you confess your mistakes, people appreciate your honesty.
to confine
chegaralamoq
If you confine your creativity, you do not reach your full potential.
*Birinchi shart* *kelajakdagi vaziyatlar uchun ishlatiladi, biz ishonamiz:*
"If it rains, we will stay at home."
*if/when gap + hozirgi sodda, will + infinitiv*
*If* oʻrniga *unless, as long as, as soon as,* yoki *in case* kabi foydalanishlarga ham duch kelishingiz mumkin.
"I'll leave as soon as Lucy arrives."
"I don't want to do it unless you treat me with respect."
"I will show you to the kitchen in case you get hungry."
"You can call my sister as long as you stay just friends."
to deplore
qoralash
If the company implements unfair policies, employees will deplore the management's decisions.
to invoke
chaqirmoq
If the situation becomes dire, the leader will invoke emergency powers.
If you don't handle the machinery carefully, it might maim you.
Agar texnikani ehtiyotkorlik bilan ishlatmasangiz, u sizni mayib qilishi mumkin.
to grab
ushlamoq
If you see a good opportunity, you will grab it without hesitation.
*Ikkinchi shart* *sodir bo'lishi mumkin bo'lmagan holatlar uchun ishlatiladi:*
"If we moved to a bigger house, we could get another dog."
Tuzilishi: *if gap + past simple, would + infinitive*
*Agar ifdan keyin be fe'li kelsa* , uni *quyidagi kabi* ishlatish grammatik jihatdan to'g'ri bo'ladi: "if I were, if she were."
Shunga o'xshab, biz *ma'lum bir sharoitda imkoniyat* mavjudligini va u qadimgi ingliz tilidan kelib chiqqanligini aytishimiz mumkin.
Biroq, siz odatda foydalanishingiz va *uning bo'lganligini* eshitishingiz mumkin va bu ham *to'g'ri* .
"I wouldn't do that if I were you."
"If she was president, she would invest in education more."
"If he were a little nicer, I would consider him a good match."
If I were as nimble as a gymnast, I would join the acrobatics team.
Agar men gimnastikachidek chaqqon bo'lganimda, akrobatika jamoasiga qo'shilgan bo'lardim.
to salivate
so'lak oqizmoq
If you placed a delicious meal in front of him, he would start to salivate instantly.
to staple
stepler bilan qadash
If we ran out of staples, we would find it difficult to complete our reports efficiently.
to summarize
xulosa qilib aytganda
If we had more time, we could summarize the report in greater detail.
Endi u haqiqatga aylandi yoki ehtimol ... syurrealmi? *Uchinchi shartga* o'tamiz. *Turli o'tmishni tasavvur qilish* uchun ishlatiladi. Odatda biz biror narsadan *afsuslansak* yoki *o'tmishni o'zgartirishni* xohlasak ... lekin bu *mumkin emas* .
"If I had paid more attention, I wouldn't have to study as much."
Tuzilishi: *if + past perfect, would have + o‘tgan zamon*
If she had squeezed through the narrow gap, she would have reached the exit in time.
Agar u tor tirqishdan o'tib olganida edi, chiqish joyiga o'z vaqtida yetib borgan bo'lardi.
to suppress
bosmoq
If the government had suppressed the evidence, the truth would never have come to light.
to tweak
sozlamoq
If she had tweaked the formula slightly, the experiment might have been successful.
to digest
hazm qilmoq
If I had properly digested all the information, I would have understood the topic better.
to evaluate
baholash
If we had evaluated the risks more thoroughly, we would have avoided the project's major setbacks.
Va endi 'yakuniy boss'. Ha, siz to'g'ri topdingiz...*aralash shartli gaplar*.
Biz ularni *o'tmishda o'zgarish va hozirgi natija yoki hozirgi o'zgarish va o'tmishdagi natija*ni tasavvur qilganimizda ishlatishimiz mumkin.
Bu mantiqsizdek tuyulmayaptimi? Keling, ba'zi misollarni ko'rib chiqaylik:
"Agar Tokioda ish topmagan bo'lsam, hozirgi sherigim bilan bo'lmasdim."
Bu holda biz o'tmishda o'zgarish hozirgi natijaga qanday olib kelishini tasavvur qilamiz.
Tuzilishi: *if + past perfect, would + infinitive*
"Bu juda muhim. Agar shunday bo'lmaganida, men sizni ta'tilda chaqirmagan bo'lardim."
Bu yerda gapiruvchi hozirgi vaziyatdagi o'zgarish o'tmishdagi o'zgarishga qanday ta'sir qilishini tushuntiradi.
Tuzilishi: *if + past simple, would have + past participle*
hawk
qirg'iy
If he had studied ornithology, he would be able to identify that bird as a hawk now.
arduous
mashaqqatli
If she had not taken on such an arduous task, she would have more energy now.
If he had been more meticulous with his work, he would be enjoying a promotion right now.
Agar u o'z ishiga e'tiborliroq bo'lganida edi, hozirda lavozimining ko'tarilishidan bahramand bo'lib o'tirgan bo'lardi.
If she were more proactive, her success would have been contingent on her hard work and dedication.
Agar u faolroq bo'lganida, uning muvaffaqiyati o'zining mehnatsevarligi va fidoyiligiga bog'liq bo'lar edi.
vibrant
g'ayratli
If she were more outgoing, she would have made a vibrant speech at the conference last week.
Bu kursning *oxiri* ! Umid qilamanki, bu sizga yordam berdi!
*IELTS dan omad tilaymiz!!!*
Break a leg!
Omad yor bo'lsin!
I have a big audition tomorrow." "Break a leg!