Kozi ya Kiwango cha KatiManeno ya Kiingereza

by DuoCards

*Welcome to the Intermediate Course!* Kozi hii itakukaribisha hatua moja karibu zaidi na kujisikia ujasiri katika Kiingereza! Tutajifunza jinsi ya kulinganisha vivumishi, kuzungumza kuhusu yaliyopita, kuchunguza vitenzi vya maneno na mengi zaidi. *But before we get to it, let’s warm up with a few useful words and phrases.*

fluency

ufasaha

Improving your fluency takes practice.

rewarding

lenye kuthawabisha

Volunteering at the animal shelter is a rewarding experience.

achievement

mafanikio

He felt proud of his achievement when he finished the marathon.

English fluency is a great achievement.

Ufasaha wa Kiingereza ni mafanikio makubwa.

skills

ujuzi

Learning new skills can be fun and rewarding.

She hopes to acquire new skills.

Anatumai kupata ujuzi mpya.

confident

jiamini

Being confident can help you succeed.

challenging

changamoto

Learning a new language can be challenging, but it is very rewarding.

knowledge

maarifa

She has a lot of knowledge about animals and their habitats.

I get along with my coworkers.

Ninaelewana vizuri na wafanyakazi wenzangu.

She's slightly late.

Amechelewa kidogo.

He is working hard to get a raise.

Anajitahidi sana ili apate nyongeza ya mshahara.

overwhelming

kuzidi uwezo

The amount of homework was overwhelming for the students.

The workload became overwhelming.

Mzigo wa kazi umekuwa mzito kupita kiasi.

I felt overwhelmed after the meeting.

Nilijihisi kulemewa baada ya mkutano.

*Vitenzi vya kishazi* Je, umekutana na *vitenzi vya kishazi* tayari? Wacha tuwaangalie pamoja! Kitenzi cha kishazi ni kishazi chenye *maana maalum.* Vitenzi vya kishazi vina *kitenzi kikuu* na *neno jingine* ambalo kwa kawaida huwa ni kielezi au kihusishi. Kwa mfano: "to put on"ina maana ya kuvaa "to work out"maana ya kufanya mazoezi

to chill out

kupumzika

I'm just chilling out in front of the TV.

to figure out

kugundua

Can you help me figure out this math problem?

I need to figure out how to fix my bike.

Nahitaji kujua jinsi ya kukarabati baiskeli yangu.

to put on

kuvaa

He put on his shoes quickly.

I put on my shoes before I go outside.

Ninavaa viatu vyangu kabla ya kwenda nje.

to turn on

kuwasha

I will turn on the TV to watch my favorite show.

to turn on a TV

kuwasha televisheni

After dinner, we usually turn on the TV to relax.

to turn off

kuzima

I always turn off my computer before going to bed.

to turn off the lights

kuzima taa

Before you leave the room, please turn off the lights.

to sit down

kuketi chini

Please sit down.

honestly

kwa kweli

I honestly didn’t expect that to happen.

to come up with

kubuni

I need to come up with a good idea for my project.

She came up with a solution.

Alikuja na suluhisho la tatizo hilo.

Take it easy.

Tuliza tuli.

Don't worry about the exam, just take it easy.

to cheer up

kuchangamka

She knows how to cheer up the saddest person in the world.

Good music cheers me up.

Muziki mzuri hunichangamsha.

Go ahead!

Endelea!

Can we start eating, mom? - Sure, go ahead.

After work, I like to chill out and listen to music.

Baada ya kazi, napenda kupumzika na kusikiliza muziki.

Keep it up!

Endelea vivyo hivyo!

Keep up the good work.

*Aina za Vielezi vya kiwango cha kati* Vielezi ni miundo ambayo hurekebisha vitenzi, vivumishi, vishazi, na vielezi vingine. Hebu tuchunguze baadhi ya vielezi vya kawaida na muhimu hapa chini!

right now

sasa hivi

I have to make a call right now!

perhaps

labda

Perhaps we could invite Davide and her friends to the party.

remarkably

kwa namna ya ajabu

The athlete performed remarkably well in the competition.

bashfully

kwa haya

He was smiling bashfully. He bashfully looked away when she smiled at him.

to smile bashfully

kutabasamu kwa haya

He is smiling bashfully.

carefully

kwa makini

They carefully examined the painting to see if it was an original.

Follow the instructions carefully.

Fuata maelekezo kwa makini.

It is not difficult to make, providing you follow the instructions carefully.

Drive carefully!

Endesha gari kwa uangalifu!

to be in love

kupenda sana

We had fun and we were in love.

hopelessly in love

nimezama kwenye lindi la mahaba

She's hopelessly in love with him.

unusually

isivyo kawaida

It's unusually cold outside.

rarely

mara chache

I rarely eat dessert after dinner.

completely

kabisa

She was completely surprised by the party.

I completely forgot about the meeting today.

Nimesahau kabisa kuhusu mkutano wa leo.

*Vitenzi vya kuunganisha* Vitenzi viunganishi ni vitenzi ambavyo havionyeshi kitendo bali *huelezea kiima.* Ingawa vitenzi kama "walk"au "jump"kuwakilisha kitendo, kuunganisha vitenzi kama "be"au "seem"kuongeza maelezo zaidi kwa mada, kama vile "he seems nice"au "she is an architect."

obvious

dhahiri

The answer to the question was obvious.

to appear

kuonekana

Smoke appeared on the horizon.

fur

manyoya

The cat’s fur was silky.

You seem nice.

Unaonekana kuwa mtu mzuri.

I just met you, but you seem nice.

This place looks like a mess!

Hapa pamevurugika sana!

I can't believe how messy your room is! This place looks like a mess!

to look great

kupendeza sana

Liz looks great today.

Keep calm and carry on.

Tulia na uendelee.

I know you're nervous about the presentation, but just keep calm and carry on.

to remain

kubaki

The old building remains standing despite the earthquake.

It remains the same.

Inabaki vilevile.

Despite the challenges, our determination to succeed remains the same.

to be awake

kuwa macho

I was awake but still sleepy when the sun came up.

Are you awake?

Umeamka?

*Vivumishi vya kulinganisha na vielezi* Unaweza kutumia vielezi kama vile "slightly", "much", "a lot"kabla ya kivumishi linganishi. Hiyo inamaanisha kuwa unaweza kuwa mjanja zaidi katika ulinganisho unaoweza kufanya. "The prices are slightly higher than they were last year." "Those who start early will have a much better chance of meeting their goals." "The task is a lot easier than it sounds." Ona kwamba "much better"inafuatwa na *nomino* , hata hivyo, inaweza pia kusimama yenyewe.

far more

mengi zaidi

Love is far more important than money.

not quite

si kabisa

Yet, it is not quite finished. I'm sorry, but I don't quite understand what you mean by 'cultural diversity'.

I don't quite understand.

Sielewi vizuri.

I'm sorry, but I don't quite understand what you mean by 'cultural diversity'.

slightly

kidogo

The prices are slightly higher than they were last year.

slightly different interpretation

tafsiri tofauti kidogo

That is a slightly different interpretation.

Could you speak more slowly?

Tafadhali, unaweza kuongea polepole zaidi?

much more

mengi zaidi

People eat much more food than they should.

the least pleasant

isiyopendeza zaidi

He found the least pleasant part of the job to be the long hours.

much better chance

nafasi nzuri zaidi

They have a much better chance of winning.

the best ever

bora kuliko zote

Yesterday I had the best pizza I've ever eaten!

Kama unavyojua tayari, kwa vitenzi vingi, wakati uliopita huundwa kwa kuongeza *–ed:* Hata hivyo, kuna aina nyingi za *irregular past tense forms* katika Kiingereza. Unahitaji kukumbuka hizi.

I got a gift.

Nimepata zawadi.

I got a gift from my best friend.

He got the message.

Alipata ujumbe.

He got the message from you.

I was awake.

Nilikuwa macho.

I was awake the whole night.

I brought you a gift.

Nimekuletea zawadi.

I brought you a gift for your birthday.

He drove me to work.

Alinipeleka kazini kwa gari.

We ate too much.

Tulikula kupita kiasi.

I forgot to reply to her email.

Nimesahau kumjibu barua pepe yake.

She drove through the storm without stopping.

Aliendesha gari kupitia dhoruba bila kusimama.

I knew it!

Nilijua tu!

I knew it! The restaurant is closed on Sundays.

The school forbade students to use their phones.

Shule imepiga marufuku wanafunzi kutumia simu zao.

She spoke to him by phone.

Alizungumza naye kwa simu.

I thought about it.

Nilifikiria kuhusu hilo.

He caught me looking at his screen.

Amenishika nikitazama skrini yake.

I understood.

Nimeelewa.

She explained the concept to me, and I understood.

*Matumizi tofauti ya kupata* Kitenzi "get"kinaweza kuonekana kuwa cha kutatanisha kwa wanafunzi wengi wa Kiingereza. Unaweza kusikia wazungumzaji asilia wakiitumia katika karibu kila mazungumzo. Maana za kawaida za kitenzi hiki ni zifuatazo: *1. Pata/nunua* "I need to get some files from the archives." "We must get some milk. There isn’t any left." *2. Chukua* "She gets the train to work every day." "We can get a cab back to the hotel." *3. Pokea* "Did you get my email yesterday?" "She got a beautiful necklace for her birthday." *4. Kuwa* "It’s getting colder. Put on your jacket." "You can get better at English by practicing." *5. Fika* "They left at 4:30 and got home at 5:30." "When do you think you’ll get here?" *6. Elewa* "I didn’t get what he said. Did you?" "He got the joke but I didn’t." *7. Fanya jambo litokee* "You should get your hair cut. It’s really long." "We’re getting the car checked before our holiday."

Did you get it?

Umeelewa?

I didn't get the joke.

Sikuelewa ule utani.

I didn't get the joke. Can you explain it to me?

to acquire

kupata

I need to acquire more information before making a decision.

Get it done.

Lifanye lifanyike.

Just get it done, please.

I got home at midnight.

Nilirudi nyumbani usiku wa manane.

I got home at midnight.

to get a cab

kuchukua taksi

We can get a cab back to the hotel.

get better

kuwa bora zaidi

You can get better at English by practicing.

It's getting cold.

Baridi inaanza kuingia.

It's getting cold outside.

Did you get my message?

Ulipata ujumbe wangu?

Got it!

Nimepata!

You can get better at English with DuoCards.

Unaweza kuboresha Kiingereza chako ukitumia DuoCards.

*Vitenzi vya kawaida vya maneno na kupata* Kuna vitenzi vichache vya sentensi "get"ambavyo tayari unajua na kutumia bila hata kufikiria kuvihusu. Kwa mfano: "What time do you get up?" "Get up"inamaanisha kuondoka kitandani asubuhi. Hebu tuangalie baadhi ya vitenzi muhimu vya kishazi vilivyo na *get* .

get on

panda

Here’s the bus. Let’s get on.

Get on the train!

Panda treni!

I always get nervous when I have to get on a crowded train.

to get off

shuka

We got off the plane and went to passport control.

to get in

kupanda

He got in the car and put on his seatbelt.

to get out

Ondoka

Get out of my room!

to get back

kurudi

We should get back by 7:30. Can you wait for us?

Get back immediately.

Rudi mara moja.

He told me to get back immediately after I finished my work.

to get over

kushinda

I had flu last week but I’ve got over it now.

It took her months to get over the disappointment.

Ilimchukua miezi kadhaa kupona kutokana na masikitiko hayo.

to get on / along with somebody

kuwa na uhusiano mzuri na mtu

Do you get on with your colleagues?

Despite their differences, they got along well.

Licha ya tofauti zao, waliishi vizuri.

to get across

kueleweka

I tried to get my point across to the teacher, but she didn't seem to understand.

He struggled to get his point across.

Alipata shida kuelezea kile alichokuwa na maana nacho.

to get away with (something)

kuchomoka na (kitu)

He stole some money from the firm but no one found out so he got away with it.

You can't get away with it!

Hutaweza kuepuka jambo hili!

You can't get away with cheating on the test. The teacher will find out.

*Sababu na Athari* Hebu tuangalie baadhi ya maneno na vishazi vinavyokusaidia kuunganisha mawazo mawili pamoja. Mara nyingi tunatumia misemo kama vile "because", "since", "due to", "as", "thanks to", "therefore", "so"kuzungumza juu ya sababu na athari. Kumbuka, kuna tofauti kati "due to"na "thanks to". *Shukrani kwa* ina *maana chanya* . *Kutokana na* *kutokuwa* na upande wowote - inaweza kuwa na maana hasi na chanya.

therefore

kwa hivyo

He was injured and therefore unable to play.

as a result

kwa sababu hiyo

He didn’t work hard. As a result, he was fired.

due to

kwa sababu ya

Due to the rain, the game was cancelled.

thanks to you

shukrani kwako

Thanks to you I was able to finish the homework.

to go out

kutoka nje

Let's go out dancing!

I can’t go out as it’s raining.

Siwezi kutoka nje kwa sababu mvua inanyesha.

to get a raise

kupata nyongeza ya mshahara

He is working hard in order to get a raise.

Thanks to his hard work, he got a raise.

Kutokana na bidii yake, aliongezewa mshahara.

since it's your birthday

kwa kuwa leo ni siku yako ya kuzaliwa

Since it's your birthday, you got to be invited for lunch today.

because of

kwa sababu ya

We cancelled the trip because of the rain.

I did it because of you.

Nimefanya hivyo kwa ajili yako.

*Nini huja baada ya kitenzi?* Kuna vitenzi vingi katika Kiingereza na kuna mifumo mingi tofauti ya kile kinachokuja baada ya kitenzi. Baadhi ya mifumo ya kawaida ni: *Kitenzi + kisicho na kikomo na kwa* "I decided to take the car to work." "He offered to cook dinner." *Umbo la kitenzi + -ing* "It took years but I've finally quit smoking." "After she finished reading the book she turned off the light and went to sleep." *Kitenzi + (hicho) kifungu* (Unaweza kuacha "that".) "I understand that you weren't happy with your pay rise." "I suggest that you try the salmon, it's delicious."

I love learning new vocabulary!

Napenda kujifunza msamiati mpya!

to quit

kuacha

I'm going to quit my job and travel the world.

to suggest

kupendekeza

I suggest that you taste the salmon, it's delicious.

I suggest that you quit smoking.

Nakushauri uache kuvuta sigara.

He likes telling jokes.

Anapenda kupiga vichekesho.

pay rise

nyongeza ya mshahara

Sarah received a significant pay rise this year.

to assume

kudhani

She assumed that I knew the answer.

I assume you're right.

Nadhani uko sahihi.

to decide

kuamua

I decided to tell her that I love her.

I decided to do it.

Niliamua kufanya hivyo.

scattered

-liotawanyika

I understand that you are a bit scattered.

to be scattered

kutawanyika

Why are they scattered?

to take care of (something/someone)

kutunza (kitu/mtu)

She offered to take care of it.

Alijitolea kulishughulikia hilo.

I have a lot of work to do this weekend, but my friend offered to take care of my dog while I'm busy.

She refused to admit that she had made a mistake.

Alikataa kukubali kwamba alifanya makosa.

to avoid

kuepuka

I try to avoid junk food to stay healthy.

He avoided answering the question.

Alikwepa kujibu swali hilo.

We noticed that something was wrong.

Tumegundua kuwa kuna kitu hakiko sawa.

*Sheria zaidi* Baadhi ya vitenzi vina maana tofauti kutegemea iwapo vinafuatwa na *umbo la -ing* au *kwa + infinitive* . Kwa mfano: "Stop"*+ -ing* inamaanisha hatua *haifanyiki tena.* "Stop"+ *to + infinitive* ina maana kwamba mtu au kitu fulani husimamisha shughuli *ili waweze kufanya kitu kingine.* "I've stopped buying the newspaper because now I read the news online." "He stopped the video to ask the students some questions."

I stopped smoking.

Nimeacha kuvuta sigara.

I stopped to smoke.

Nilitua ili nivute sigara.

I was walking to work, but I stopped to smoke a cigarette.

to remember

kukumbuka

I'll always remember this holiday.

I remember seeing him before.

Ninakumbuka kuwa nilishamuona hapo awali.

I remember seeing him before, but I can't remember where.

Remember to call me.

Usisahau kunipigia simu.

to lock

kufunga

He forgot to lock the car.

He forgot to lock the door.

Alisahau kufunga mlango.

He forgot to lock the door when he went out.

I remembered locking the door before leaving the house.

Nilikuwa nakumbuka kufunga mlango kabla ya kuondoka nyumbani.

I remembered to lock the door before I left the house.

Nilikumbuka kufunga mlango kabla sijaondoka nyumbani.

I'll never forget meeting you for the first time.

Sitawahi kusahau mara ya kwanza tulipokutana.

I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. You were wearing a bright red shirt and had the biggest smile on your face.

to reckon

kukadiria

I reckon it will take about an hour to get there.

I'm trying to

ninajaribu

I'm trying to learn Japanese but it's very difficult.

Have you tried turning the computer off and on again?

Je, umejaribu kuzima kompyuta na kuiwasha tena?

outstanding

bora kabisa

The view from the top of the mountain was outstanding.

What an outstanding performance!

Utendaji bora kabisa!

*Chuki, penda, penda na pendelea* Tunaweza kutumia *chuki, kama, kupenda, na kupendelea* kwa fomu ya -ing au kwa-infinitive. Katika Kiingereza cha Kiamerika, maumbo yenye to-infinitive ni ya kawaida zaidi kuliko -ing form. Kuna tofauti ndogo sana ya maana kati ya maumbo hayo mawili. *Fomu ya -ing* inasisitiza *kitendo au uzoefu.* *Neno-infinitive* linatoa mkazo zaidi kwa *matokeo* ya kitendo au tukio. Mara nyingi sisi hutumia fomu ya -ing kupendekeza starehe (au kutokuwepo), na fomu ya to-infinitive kueleza tabia au mapendeleo. Umbo la -ing ni la kawaida zaidi kuliko umbo la to-infinitive baada ya *chuki na upendo.* Tunapotumia "would"kwa *chuki, kama, kupenda, au kupendelea* , tunatumia *to-infinitive* , si -ing fomu.*

We would hate to see you go.

Tusingependa kuona ukiondoka.

We really value your contributions to the team. We would hate to see you go.

I would love to be there!

Ningependa sana kuwa hapo!

Are you going to the concert tonight?" "I would love to be there, but I have to work.

for too long

kwa muda mrefu sana

Don't let me wait for too long.

They don’t like sitting for too long.

Hawapendi kukaa chini kwa muda mrefu sana.

I like baking pizza.

Napenda kuoka pizza.

I hate waiting.

Sipendi kusubiri.

He would hate to wait there for more than an hour.

Angechukia kusubiri hapo kwa zaidi ya saa moja.

to interrupt

katiza

She had to interrupt the meeting to answer an important phone call.

He hates being interrupted.

Anachukia kukatizwa anapozungumza.

I prefer to work on tasks that have clear deadlines.

Napendelea kufanya kazi kwenye majukumu yenye muda wa mwisho uliowekwa wazi.

to cause a problem

kusababisha tatizo

They’d hate to cause a problem.

I prefer going out

Napendelea kwenda nje

I prefer going out than staying at home.

a tie

tai

The man is wearing a tie.

he prefers not to wear a tie

Anapendelea kutovaa tai

He prefers not to wear a tie to work.

to join

kujiunga

They invited us to join them at their table.

We would love to join you.

Tungependa kujiunga nanyi.

It's a tie!

Ni sare!

it's a tie for first place

*Inabadilika au isiyobadilika* Baadhi ya vitenzi daima huhitaji kitu. Hivi huitwa vitenzi badilifu. Vitenzi vingine havina kitu. Hivi huitwa vitenzi visivyobadilika. Baadhi ya vitenzi vinaweza kutumika *na kitu (kinabadilika)* au *bila kitu (bila kubadilika).* Wakati mwingine maana ni sawa. Kwa mfano: "Please bring coffee."- Katika sentensi hii, kitenzi "bring"ni badilishi; kitu chake ni kahawa, kitu ambacho kinaletwa. "The sun is shining."- Katika sentensi hii, kitenzi "shine"hakibadiliki, hakihitaji kitu ili sentensi iwe na maana.

Did you enjoy the course?

Je, ulifurahia kozi hiyo?

He stopped the car at the traffic lights.

Alisimamisha gari kwenye taa za barabarani.

(transitive)

The car stopped suddenly in the middle of the road.

Gari lilisimama ghafla katikati ya barabara.

(intransitive)

to emphasize

kusisitiza

The book emphasises the role of the arts in society.

What happened?

Kumetokea nini?

Rita looks upset – do you know what happened?

Do not enter.

Usiaingie.

to enter the room

kuingia chumbani

She entered the room looking nervous.

She learns to drive.

Anajifunza kuendesha gari.

She learned to drive when she was twenty.

to drive a van

kuendesha gari la mizigo

He drives a van for a delivery firm.

You should leave now.

Unapaswa kuondoka sasa.

He left me.

Aliniacha.

He left me without saying goodbye.

to save time

kuokoa muda

Buying things on the Internet saves people a lot of time.

Did you win?

Ulishinda?

How was the match? Did you win?

to win a competition

kushinda shindano

She won a competition and got a free trip to Copenhagen.

to increase

kuongeza

They increased my salary last month.

to get a car mended

kutengenezewa gari

i need to get my car mended

fluently

kwa ufasaha

She speaks six languages fluently.

Imagine speaking English fluently.

Wazia ukizungumza Kiingereza kwa ufasaha.

*Sema vs mwambie* Tofauti muhimu zaidi kati "say"na "tell"ni kwamba na "say", huhitaji kutaja mawazo au maelezo yalishirikiwa na nani, lakini na "tell", unafanya hivyo. Kwa mfano: "Amy said that she likes coffee." "Amy told me that she likes coffee."

to tell the truth

kusema ukweli

We should always tell the truth.

to say something

kusema kitu

Say something finally.

to say goodbye

kuaga

They didn't even say goodbye.

I told you.

Nilikwambia.

I told you so.

Nobody told me.

Hakuna aliyeniambia.

Nobody told me what to do.

Don't tell anyone.

Usimwambie mtu yeyote.

Don't tell anyone your address or phone number.

She said it to me.

Aliniambia.

They told her to wait.

Walimwambia asubiri.

They told her to wait till the doctor arrived.

Can you tell me?

Unaweza kuniambia?

Can you tell me the truth?

He said he didn’t agree with the decision.

Alisema hakubaliani na uamuzi huo.

He told his manager that he didn’t agree with the decision.

Alimwambia meneja wake kwamba hakubaliani na uamuzi huo.

*Kiingereza kinaweza kusisimua!* Vivumishi vinavyoishia na *-ed* hueleza jinsi *mhusika anavyohisi.* Mhusika mwenyewe ana hisia kama hiyo, kwamba kuna kitu kinamuathiri. Kwa upande mwingine, vivumishi vinavyoishia kwa *-ing* husema kuwa *mhusika husababisha hisia fulani katika mazingira* na kwamba wengine huhisi hivyo kwa sababu yake. Kwa maneno mengine, unaweza kusema: "The teacher is boring."na "We are bored because of him."

That's exciting!

Hiyo inasisimua!

This is exciting news.

They were excited.

Walikuwa na msisimko.

They were excited about the trip.

shocking

ya kushtua

I heard the shocking news.

The news is shocking.

Habari hiyo inashangaza.

I was shocked by the news.

Habari hiyo ilinishtua.

They were shocked by the news of the unexpected election results.

boring

ya kuchosha

I've got a boring job in an office.

to get bored

kuchoka

Maria gets bored easily.

It's interesting.

Inavutia.

It's interesting that you didn't know that.

to be interested in

kupendezwa na

I am interested in football.

a surprising ending

mwisho wa kushangaza

The movie has a surprising ending.

I'm not surprised.

Hainishangazi.

I'm not surprised by his behaviour.

The journey was exhausting.

Safari hiyo ilikuwa ya kuchosha.

They were exhausted after the journey.

Walikuwa wamechoka baada ya safari.

worrying

cha kusikitisha

She has a worrying habit of not sleeping well at night.

worried

na wasiwasi

She looked worried when she heard the news.

*Misemo ya vihusishi* Kishazi tangulizi ni kundi la maneno linalojumuisha *kihusishi, kitu chake, na maneno yoyote yanayorekebisha kitu.* Mara nyingi, kishazi cha kiambishi hurekebisha *kitenzi au nomino.* Kwa mfano: "He arrived in time." "Are you going by bicycle or on foot?"

by chance

kwa bahati

I heard their secrets by chance.

on foot

kwa miguu

If you go somewhere on foot, you walk there.

by all means

kwa vyovyote vile

Can I borrow your car? - By all means!

at short notice

dakika za mwisho

The meeting was cancelled at short notice.

at a glance

kwa mtazamo wa haraka

I know him at a glance.

to approve of

kukubali

We’re not happy but we do approve of their decision.

on a diet

nipo kwenye dayati

The patient is on a diet.

around the world

ulimwenguni kote

Everyone around the world likes Coke.

to look forward to

kutazamia kwa hamu

I am looking forward to seeing you.

Ninasubiri kwa hamu kukuona.

in spite of

licha ya

In spite of his fear, he decided to try skydiving.

In spite of the rain, we went hiking.

Licha ya mvua, tulienda kupanda mlima.

apart from

kando na

Apart from his job, he enjoys painting in his free time.

Apart from one mistake, the work was excellent.

Isipokuwa kosa moja, kazi ilikuwa bora sana.

*Je!* "Should"ni kitenzi kisaidizi cha modali. Tunatumia hasa kwa: toa ushauri au toa mapendekezo: "You should get a haircut." zungumza juu ya uwezekano na matarajio: "They should arrive soon." kuzungumza juu ya wajibu "You should be wearing your seat belt.":

You should study.

Unapaswa kusoma.

You should study for the exam.

Should I come back?

Nirudi?

to get a haircut

kunyoa nywele

You should get a haircut.

You should be more careful.

Unapaswa kuwa mwangalifu zaidi.

What should I wear?

Nivae nini?

the weight

uzito

She should gain some weight.

to lose weight

kupunguza uzito

You should try to lose weight.

to apply for a job

kuomba kazi

She should apply for the job.

It should be fine.

Itakuwa sawa.

Should we study?

Je, tusome?

Should we study more?

Students should submit their work on time.

Wanafunzi wanapaswa kuwasilisha kazi zao kwa wakati.

The system should update after restart.

Mfumo unapaswa kujisasisha baada ya kuwashwa upya.

I should be studying instead of scrolling.

Badala ya kusogeza skrini, ningepaswa kuwa nasoma.

They should have warned us about the changes.

Walipaswa kutuonya kuhusu mabadiliko hayo mapema.

*Kama au kama?* "As"na "like"mara nyingi huchanganyikiwa kwani zote mbili zinaweza kutumika kwa *kulinganisha.* Mara nyingi, kama kulinganisha vitu viwili. "He looks like my brother." Mara kwa mara, kama inaweza kubadilishwa na "the way". "He can’t play cricket as he used to."( "He can't play cricket the way he used to.")

like me

kama mimi

You are just like me.

as much as

kama vile

She loves curry as much as I do.

the same as

sawa na

Your phone is the same as mine.

She looks like her mother.

Anafanana na mama yake.

the cotton

pamba

She doesn't wear cotton in the winter.

It feels like cotton.

Inahisiwa kama pamba.

to feel like

kutamani

I don't feel like it.

to work as

kufanya kazi kama

I worked as an actor for two years.

She's like a sister to me.

Yeye ni kama dada kwangu.

people like us

watu kama sisi

There are lots of people like us.

to expect

kutarajia

As we expected, it started to rain.

as I said

kama nilivyosema

As I said, I think this project will be a challenge.

The situation unfolded as we had predicted.

Hali imejitokeza kama tulivyotabiri.

to unfold

kunjua

As the story unfolded, we learned more about the characters' secrets.

Do it as instructed, otherwise it won’t work.

Fanya kama ulivyoelekezwa, vinginevyo haitafanya kazi.

It seems like we’ve met before.

Inaonekana kama tumeshawahi kukutana hapo awali.

The room smells like something has been burning.

Chumbani mnanuka kama kuna kitu kinawaka.

*Matamanio juu ya sasa au yajayo* Tunaweza kutumia "to wish"kuzungumzia jambo ambalo tungependa liwe tofauti wakati wa sasa au ujao. Tunatumia *wish + past simple* : "I wish I spoke Italian." "I wish you were here." "I wish I had a big car."