Intermediate na KursoMga salitang Ingles

by DuoCards

Maligayang pagdating sa Intermediate Course! Ang kursong ito ay magdadala sa iyo ng isang hakbang na mas malapit sa pagkakaroon ng kumpiyansa sa Ingles! Matututo tayo kung paano ihambing ang mga pang-uri, pag-usapan ang nakaraan, tuklasin ang mga phrasal verb at marami pang iba. *Ngunit bago natin simulan ito, mag-warm up muna tayo gamit ang ilang kapaki-pakinabang na mga salita at parirala.*

fluency

katatasan

Improving your fluency takes practice.

rewarding

kapaki-pakinabang

Volunteering at the animal shelter is a rewarding experience.

achievement

tagumpay

He felt proud of his achievement when he finished the marathon.

English fluency is a great achievement.

Ang pagiging matatas sa Ingles ay isang malaking tagumpay.

skills

mga kasanayan

Learning new skills can be fun and rewarding.

She hopes to acquire new skills.

Umaasa siyang makakuha ng mga bagong kasanayan.

confident

tiwala sa sarili

Being confident can help you succeed.

challenging

mapanghamon

Learning a new language can be challenging, but it is very rewarding.

knowledge

kaalaman

She has a lot of knowledge about animals and their habitats.

I get along with my coworkers.

Maayos ang pakikitungo ko sa aking mga katrabaho.

She's slightly late.

Medyo huli siya nang kaunti.

He is working hard to get a raise.

Nagsusumikap siyang magtrabaho para makakuha ng dagdag na sahod.

overwhelming

nakakalula

The amount of homework was overwhelming for the students.

The workload became overwhelming.

Naging hindi na makayanan ang dami ng trabaho.

I felt overwhelmed after the meeting.

Naramdaman kong parang hindi ko na kaya pagkatapos ng pulong.

*Mga Pariralang Pandiwa* Nakatagpo ka na ba ng *mga phrasal verbs* ? Sama-sama nating tingnan ang mga ito! Ang phrasal verb ay isang parirala na may *espesyal na kahulugan.* Ang mga pandiwa ng parirala ay may *pangunahing pandiwa* at *isa pang salita* na karaniwang isang pang-abay o pang-ukol. Halimbawa: "to put on"ibig sabihin ay magbihis "to work out"ibig sabihin ay mag-ehersisyo

to chill out

mag-relax

I'm just chilling out in front of the TV.

to figure out

malaman

Can you help me figure out this math problem?

I need to figure out how to fix my bike.

Kailangan kong malaman kung paano ayusin ang bisikleta ko.

to put on

magsuot

He put on his shoes quickly.

I put on my shoes before I go outside.

Isinusuot ko ang aking sapatos bago ako lumabas.

to turn on

buksan

I will turn on the TV to watch my favorite show.

to turn on a TV

buksan ang TV

After dinner, we usually turn on the TV to relax.

to turn off

i-off

I always turn off my computer before going to bed.

to turn off the lights

patayin ang mga ilaw

Before you leave the room, please turn off the lights.

to sit down

umupo

Please sit down.

honestly

sa totoo lang

I honestly didn’t expect that to happen.

to come up with

makaisip

I need to come up with a good idea for my project.

She came up with a solution.

Nakaisip siya ng solusyon.

Take it easy.

Huwag kang mag-alala.

Don't worry about the exam, just take it easy.

to cheer up

pasayahin

She knows how to cheer up the saddest person in the world.

Good music cheers me up.

Napapasaya ako ng magandang musika.

Go ahead!

Sige lang!

Can we start eating, mom? - Sure, go ahead.

After work, I like to chill out and listen to music.

Pagkatapos magtrabaho, gusto kong mag-relax at makinig ng musika.

Keep it up!

Ipagpatuloy mo lang iyan!

Keep up the good work.

*Mga Uri ng Pang-abay para sa intermediate level* Ang pang-abay ay mga istrukturang nagbabago ng mga pandiwa, pang-uri, parirala, at iba pang pang-abay. Suriin natin ang ilan sa mga pinakakaraniwan at kapaki-pakinabang na pang-abay sa ibaba!

right now

ngayon mismo

I have to make a call right now!

perhaps

baka

Perhaps we could invite Davide and her friends to the party.

remarkably

kapansin-pansin

The athlete performed remarkably well in the competition.

bashfully

nang may pagkahiya

He was smiling bashfully. He bashfully looked away when she smiled at him.

to smile bashfully

ngumiti nang may pagkahiya

He is smiling bashfully.

carefully

nang maingat

They carefully examined the painting to see if it was an original.

Follow the instructions carefully.

Sundin nang mabuti ang mga tagubilin.

It is not difficult to make, providing you follow the instructions carefully.

Drive carefully!

Mag-ingat sa pagmamaneho!

to be in love

umibig

We had fun and we were in love.

hopelessly in love

patay na patay

She's hopelessly in love with him.

unusually

hindi karaniwan

It's unusually cold outside.

rarely

bihira

I rarely eat dessert after dinner.

completely

lubos

She was completely surprised by the party.

I completely forgot about the meeting today.

Nakalimutan ko nang tuluyan ang meeting natin ngayong araw.

*Pag-uugnay ng mga pandiwa* Ang pag-uugnay ng mga pandiwa ay mga pandiwa na hindi nagpapakita ng kilos ngunit *naglalarawan sa paksa.* Habang ang mga pandiwa ay gusto "walk"o "jump"kumakatawan sa isang aksyon, ang pag-uugnay ng mga pandiwa ay gusto "be"o "seem"magdagdag ng higit pang mga detalye sa paksa, gaya ng "he seems nice"o "she is an architect."

obvious

halata

The answer to the question was obvious.

to appear

magpakita

Smoke appeared on the horizon.

fur

balahibo

The cat’s fur was silky.

You seem nice.

Mukha kang mabait.

I just met you, but you seem nice.

This place looks like a mess!

Ang gulo naman dito!

I can't believe how messy your room is! This place looks like a mess!

to look great

magmukhang magaling

Liz looks great today.

Keep calm and carry on.

Manatiling mahinahon at magpatuloy.

I know you're nervous about the presentation, but just keep calm and carry on.

to remain

manatili

The old building remains standing despite the earthquake.

It remains the same.

Nanatili itong pareho.

Despite the challenges, our determination to succeed remains the same.

to be awake

gising

I was awake but still sleepy when the sun came up.

Are you awake?

Gising ka pa?

*Pahambing na pang-uri na may pang-abay* Maaari kang gumamit ng mga pang-abay tulad ng "slightly", "much", "a lot"bago ang isang pahambing na pang-uri. Nangangahulugan iyon na maaari kang maging mas banayad sa mga paghahambing na maaari mong gawin. "The prices are slightly higher than they were last year." "Those who start early will have a much better chance of meeting their goals." "The task is a lot easier than it sounds." Pansinin "much better"na sinusundan ng isang *pangngalan* , gayunpaman, maaari rin itong tumayo sa sarili nitong.

far more

higit na mas marami

Love is far more important than money.

not quite

hindi masyado

Yet, it is not quite finished. I'm sorry, but I don't quite understand what you mean by 'cultural diversity'.

I don't quite understand.

Hindi ko masyadong naiintindihan.

I'm sorry, but I don't quite understand what you mean by 'cultural diversity'.

slightly

bahagya

The prices are slightly higher than they were last year.

slightly different interpretation

bahagyang magkaibang interpretasyon

That is a slightly different interpretation.

Could you speak more slowly?

Maaari po ba kayong magsalita nang mas mabagal?

much more

higit pa

People eat much more food than they should.

the least pleasant

ang pinaka-hindi kasiya-siya

He found the least pleasant part of the job to be the long hours.

much better chance

mas malaking pagkakataon

They have a much better chance of winning.

the best ever

pinakamagaling sa lahat

Yesterday I had the best pizza I've ever eaten!

Tulad ng alam mo na, sa karamihan ng mga pandiwa, ang nakaraang panahunan ay nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng pagdaragdag ng *–ed:* Gayunpaman, maraming mga *hindi regular na anyo ng nakaraang panahunan* sa Ingles. Kailangan mong tandaan ang mga ito.

I got a gift.

Nakatanggap ako ng regalo.

I got a gift from my best friend.

He got the message.

Nakatanggap siya ng mensahe.

He got the message from you.

I was awake.

Gising ako.

I was awake the whole night.

I brought you a gift.

May dala akong regalo para sa iyo.

I brought you a gift for your birthday.

He drove me to work.

Hinatid niya ako sa trabaho.

We ate too much.

Nabusog kami nang sobra.

I forgot to reply to her email.

Nakalimutan kong sagutin ang email niya.

She drove through the storm without stopping.

Nagmaneho siya sa gitna ng bagyo nang hindi humihinto.

I knew it!

Sabi ko na nga ba!

I knew it! The restaurant is closed on Sundays.

The school forbade students to use their phones.

Ipinagbawal ng paaralan ang paggamit ng mga telepono ng mga estudyante.

She spoke to him by phone.

Nakausap niya siya sa telepono.

I thought about it.

Pinag-isipan ko iyan.

He caught me looking at his screen.

Nahuli niya akong nakatingin sa screen niya.

I understood.

Naintindihan ko.

She explained the concept to me, and I understood.

*Ang iba't ibang gamit ng get* Ang pandiwa "get"ay maaaring mukhang medyo nakakalito para sa karamihan ng mga estudyanteng Ingles. Maririnig mong ginagamit ito ng mga katutubong nagsasalita sa halos bawat pag-uusap. Ang pinakakaraniwang kahulugan ng pandiwa na ito ay ang mga sumusunod: *1. Kumuha/bumili* "I need to get some files from the archives." "We must get some milk. There isn’t any left." *2. Kunin* "She gets the train to work every day." "We can get a cab back to the hotel." *3. Tumanggap* "Did you get my email yesterday?" "She got a beautiful necklace for her birthday." *4. Maging* "It’s getting colder. Put on your jacket." "You can get better at English by practicing." *5. Dumating* "They left at 4:30 and got home at 5:30." "When do you think you’ll get here?" *6. Unawain* "I didn’t get what he said. Did you?" "He got the joke but I didn’t." *7. Gumawa ng isang bagay na mangyari* "You should get your hair cut. It’s really long." "We’re getting the car checked before our holiday."

Did you get it?

Naintindihan mo ba?

I didn't get the joke.

Hindi ko nakuha ang biro.

I didn't get the joke. Can you explain it to me?

to acquire

makakuha

I need to acquire more information before making a decision.

Get it done.

Gawin mo na iyan.

Just get it done, please.

I got home at midnight.

Umuwi ako nang hatinggabi.

I got home at midnight.

to get a cab

sumakay ng taksi

We can get a cab back to the hotel.

get better

bumuti

You can get better at English by practicing.

It's getting cold.

Lumalamig na.

It's getting cold outside.

Did you get my message?

Natanggap mo ba ang mensahe ko?

Got it!

Nakuha ko na!

You can get better at English with DuoCards.

Maaari kang gumaling sa Ingles gamit ang DuoCards.

*Mga karaniwang phrasal verbs na may get* Mayroong ilang mga phrasal verbs "get"na alam mo na at ginagamit nang hindi man lang iniisip. Halimbawa: "What time do you get up?" "Get up"ibig sabihin ay umalis sa iyong kama sa umaga. Tingnan natin ang ilan sa mga pinakamahalagang pandiwa ng phrasal na may *get* .

get on

sumakay

Here’s the bus. Let’s get on.

Get on the train!

Sumakay na kayo sa tren!

I always get nervous when I have to get on a crowded train.

to get off

bumaba

We got off the plane and went to passport control.

to get in

sumakay

He got in the car and put on his seatbelt.

to get out

lumabas

Get out of my room!

to get back

bumalik

We should get back by 7:30. Can you wait for us?

Get back immediately.

Bumalik ka agad.

He told me to get back immediately after I finished my work.

to get over

makalagpas

I had flu last week but I’ve got over it now.

It took her months to get over the disappointment.

Inabot siya ng ilang buwan bago siya nakabangon mula sa pagkadismaya.

to get on / along with somebody

makasundo ang isang tao

Do you get on with your colleagues?

Despite their differences, they got along well.

Sa kabila ng kanilang mga pagkakaiba, naging maayos ang pagsasama nila.

to get across

maipaliwanag

I tried to get my point across to the teacher, but she didn't seem to understand.

He struggled to get his point across.

Nahirapan siyang iparating ang kanyang punto.

to get away with (something)

makalusot

He stole some money from the firm but no one found out so he got away with it.

You can't get away with it!

Hindi mo ito malulusutan!

You can't get away with cheating on the test. The teacher will find out.

*Sanhi at Bunga* Tingnan natin ang ilang salita at parirala na makakatulong sa iyo na pagsamahin ang dalawang ideya. Madalas nating ginagamit ang mga expression tulad ng "because", "since", "due to", "as", "thanks to", "therefore", "so"upang pag-usapan ang sanhi at bunga. Tandaan, na may pagkakaiba sa pagitan "due to"ng at "thanks to". *Salamat sa* may *positibong konotasyon* . *Dahil sa* ay mas *neutral* - maaari itong magkaroon ng parehong negatibo at positibong konotasyon.

therefore

kaya naman

He was injured and therefore unable to play.

as a result

bilang resulta

He didn’t work hard. As a result, he was fired.

due to

dahil sa

Due to the rain, the game was cancelled.

thanks to you

dahil sa iyo

Thanks to you I was able to finish the homework.

to go out

lumabas

Let's go out dancing!

I can’t go out as it’s raining.

Hindi ako makalabas dahil umuulan.

to get a raise

makakuha ng dagdag na sahod

He is working hard in order to get a raise.

Thanks to his hard work, he got a raise.

Dahil sa kanyang sipag, nabigyan siya ng umento sa sahod.

since it's your birthday

dahil birthday mo

Since it's your birthday, you got to be invited for lunch today.

because of

dahil sa

We cancelled the trip because of the rain.

I did it because of you.

Ginawa ko iyon dahil sa iyo.

*Ano ang kasunod ng pandiwa?* Mayroong maraming mga pandiwa sa Ingles at mayroong maraming iba't ibang mga pattern para sa kung ano ang susunod sa isang pandiwa. Ang ilang karaniwang mga pattern ay: *Pandiwa + pawatas na may to* "I decided to take the car to work." "He offered to cook dinner." *Pandiwa + -ing anyo* "It took years but I've finally quit smoking." "After she finished reading the book she turned off the light and went to sleep." *Pandiwa + (na) sugnay* (Maaari mong iwanan ang "that".) "I understand that you weren't happy with your pay rise." "I suggest that you try the salmon, it's delicious."

I love learning new vocabulary!

Mahilig akong matuto ng mga bagong salita!

to quit

tumigil

I'm going to quit my job and travel the world.

to suggest

magmungkahi

I suggest that you taste the salmon, it's delicious.

I suggest that you quit smoking.

Iminumungkahi ko na itigil mo na ang paninigarilyo.

He likes telling jokes.

Mahilig siyang magbiro.

pay rise

pagtaas ng sahod

Sarah received a significant pay rise this year.

to assume

magpalagay

She assumed that I knew the answer.

I assume you're right.

Ipinapalagay ko na tama ka.

to decide

magdesisyon

I decided to tell her that I love her.

I decided to do it.

Nagpasya akong gawin ito.

scattered

nakakalat

I understand that you are a bit scattered.

to be scattered

magkawatak-watak

Why are they scattered?

to take care of (something/someone)

mag-alaga sa (isang bagay/isang tao)

She offered to take care of it.

Nagboluntaryo siyang asikasuhin iyon.

I have a lot of work to do this weekend, but my friend offered to take care of my dog while I'm busy.

She refused to admit that she had made a mistake.

Tumanggi siyang aminin na nagkamali siya.

to avoid

umiwas

I try to avoid junk food to stay healthy.

He avoided answering the question.

Iniwasan niyang sagutin ang tanong.

We noticed that something was wrong.

Napansin naming may mali.

*Higit pang mga patakaran* Ang ilang mga pandiwa ay may iba't ibang kahulugan depende sa kung sila ay sinusundan ng isang *-ing form* o *to + infinitive* . Halimbawa: "Stop"Ang ibig sabihin *ng + -ing* ay *hindi na nangyayari ang aksyon.* "Stop"Ang + *to + infinitive* ay nangangahulugan na ang isang tao o isang bagay ay huminto sa isang aktibidad *upang makagawa sila ng ibang bagay.* "I've stopped buying the newspaper because now I read the news online." "He stopped the video to ask the students some questions."

I stopped smoking.

Tumigil na ako sa paninigarilyo.

I stopped to smoke.

Tumigil ako para manigarilyo.

I was walking to work, but I stopped to smoke a cigarette.

to remember

tandaan

I'll always remember this holiday.

I remember seeing him before.

Naaalala kong nakita ko na siya dati.

I remember seeing him before, but I can't remember where.

Remember to call me.

Huwag mong kalimutang tawagan ako.

to lock

i-lock

He forgot to lock the car.

He forgot to lock the door.

Nakalimutan niyang i-lock ang pinto.

He forgot to lock the door when he went out.

I remembered locking the door before leaving the house.

Naalala kong ni-lock ko ang pinto bago ako umalis ng bahay.

I remembered to lock the door before I left the house.

Naalala kong i-lock ang pinto bago ako umalis ng bahay.

I'll never forget meeting you for the first time.

Hindi ko kailanman malilimutan ang unang pagkakataon na nakilala kita.

I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. You were wearing a bright red shirt and had the biggest smile on your face.

to reckon

ituring

I reckon it will take about an hour to get there.

I'm trying to

sinusubukan ko

I'm trying to learn Japanese but it's very difficult.

Have you tried turning the computer off and on again?

Nasubukan mo na bang i-off at i-on ulit ang computer?

outstanding

napakahusay

The view from the top of the mountain was outstanding.

What an outstanding performance!

Napakagaling na pagtatanghal!

*Hate, like, love, and prefer* Maari nating gamitin *ang poot, like, love, at prefer* na may -ing form o may to-infinitive. Sa American English, ang mga form na may to-infinitive ay mas karaniwan kaysa sa -ing form. Mayroong napakaliit na pagkakaiba sa kahulugan sa pagitan ng dalawang anyo. Ang *-ing form* ay nagbibigay-diin sa *aksyon o karanasan.* Ang *to-infinitive* ay nagbibigay ng higit na diin sa mga *resulta* ng aksyon o kaganapan. Madalas nating ginagamit ang -ing form upang magmungkahi ng kasiyahan (o kawalan nito), at ang to-infinitive na anyo upang ipahayag ang mga gawi o kagustuhan. Ang -ing form ay mas karaniwan kaysa sa to-infinitive na anyo pagkatapos *ng poot at pagmamahal.* Kapag ginamit namin "would"nang may *poot, gusto, mahal, o mas gusto* , ginagamit namin ang *to-infinitive* , hindi ang -ing form.*

We would hate to see you go.

Ayaw naming makita kang umalis.

We really value your contributions to the team. We would hate to see you go.

I would love to be there!

Gusto ko sanang pumunta riyan!

Are you going to the concert tonight?" "I would love to be there, but I have to work.

for too long

masyadong matagal

Don't let me wait for too long.

They don’t like sitting for too long.

Ayaw nilang nakaupo nang masyadong matagal.

I like baking pizza.

Mahilig akong mag-bake ng pizza.

I hate waiting.

Ayaw ko nang naghihintay.

He would hate to wait there for more than an hour.

Ayaw niyang maghintay doon nang higit sa isang oras.

to interrupt

manggulo

She had to interrupt the meeting to answer an important phone call.

He hates being interrupted.

Ayaw na ayaw niyang naiistorbo kapag nagsasalita siya.

I prefer to work on tasks that have clear deadlines.

Mas gusto kong magtrabaho sa mga gawaing may malinaw na deadline.

to cause a problem

magdulot ng problema

They’d hate to cause a problem.

I prefer going out

Mas gusto kong lumabas

I prefer going out than staying at home.

a tie

kurbata

The man is wearing a tie.

he prefers not to wear a tie

Mas gusto niyang hindi magsuot ng kravata

He prefers not to wear a tie to work.

to join

sumali

They invited us to join them at their table.

We would love to join you.

Ikalulugod naming sumama sa inyo.

It's a tie!

Tabla ang laban!

it's a tie for first place

*Palipat o intransitive* Ang ilang mga pandiwa ay palaging nangangailangan ng isang bagay. Ang mga ito ay tinatawag na pandiwang pandiwa. Ang ilang mga pandiwa ay hindi kailanman mayroong isang bagay. Ang mga ito ay tinatawag na mga pandiwang intransitive. Ang ilang mga pandiwa ay maaaring gamitin *sa isang bagay (palipat)* o *walang isang bagay (palipat-lipat).* Minsan pareho ang kahulugan. Halimbawa: "Please bring coffee."- Sa pangungusap na ito, ang pandiwa "bring"ay palipat; ang bagay ay kape, ang bagay na dinadala. "The sun is shining."- Sa pangungusap na ito, ang pandiwa "shine"ay intransitive, hindi ito nangangailangan ng isang bagay para magkaroon ng kahulugan ang pangungusap.

Did you enjoy the course?

Nagustuhan mo ba ang kurso?

He stopped the car at the traffic lights.

Itinigil niya ang sasakyan sa traffic light.

(transitive)

The car stopped suddenly in the middle of the road.

Biglang huminto ang kotse sa gitna ng kalsada.

(intransitive)

to emphasize

bigyang-diin

The book emphasises the role of the arts in society.

What happened?

Anong nangyari?

Rita looks upset – do you know what happened?

Do not enter.

Huwag pumasok.

to enter the room

pumasok sa silid

She entered the room looking nervous.

She learns to drive.

Nag-aaral siyang magmaneho.

She learned to drive when she was twenty.

to drive a van

magmaneho ng van

He drives a van for a delivery firm.

You should leave now.

Dapat ka nang umalis ngayon.

He left me.

Iniwan niya ako.

He left me without saying goodbye.

to save time

para makatipid ng oras

Buying things on the Internet saves people a lot of time.

Did you win?

Nanalo ka ba?

How was the match? Did you win?

to win a competition

manalo sa isang paligsahan

She won a competition and got a free trip to Copenhagen.

to increase

dagdagan

They increased my salary last month.

to get a car mended

ipaayos ang kotse

i need to get my car mended

fluently

nang matatas

She speaks six languages fluently.

Imagine speaking English fluently.

Isipin mong matatas ka nang magsalita ng Ingles.

*Say vs tell* Ang pinakamahalagang pagkakaiba sa pagitan "say"ng at "tell"ay ang sa "say", hindi mo kailangang banggitin kung kanino ibinahagi ang mga ideya o impormasyon, ngunit sa "tell", ginagawa mo. Halimbawa: "Amy said that she likes coffee." "Amy told me that she likes coffee."

to tell the truth

magsabi ng totoo

We should always tell the truth.

to say something

may sabihin

Say something finally.

to say goodbye

magpaalam

They didn't even say goodbye.

I told you.

Sinabi ko na sa iyo.

I told you so.

Nobody told me.

Walang nagsabi sa akin.

Nobody told me what to do.

Don't tell anyone.

Huwag mong sasabihin kahit kanino.

Don't tell anyone your address or phone number.

She said it to me.

Sinabi niya ito sa akin.

They told her to wait.

Sinabihan nila siyang maghintay.

They told her to wait till the doctor arrived.

Can you tell me?

Maaari mo bang sabihin sa akin?

Can you tell me the truth?

He said he didn’t agree with the decision.

Sinabi niyang hindi siya sumasang-ayon sa desisyon.

He told his manager that he didn’t agree with the decision.

Sinabi niya sa kanyang manager na hindi siya sumasang-ayon sa desisyong iyon.

*Ang Ingles ay maaaring maging kapana-panabik!* Ang mga pang-uri na nagtatapos sa *-ed* ay nagpapahayag ng *nararamdaman ng paksa.* Ang paksa mismo ay may ganoong pakiramdam, na may nakakaapekto sa kanya. Sa kabilang banda, ang mga pang-uri na nagtatapos sa *-ing* ay nagsasabi na *ang paksa ay nagdudulot ng isang naibigay na pakiramdam sa kapaligiran* at ang iba ay nakakaramdam ng ganoon dahil dito. Sa madaling salita, maaari mong sabihin: "The teacher is boring."at "We are bored because of him."

That's exciting!

Napakasaya niyan!

This is exciting news.

They were excited.

Tuwang-tuwa sila.

They were excited about the trip.

shocking

nakakagulat

I heard the shocking news.

The news is shocking.

Nakakagulat ang balita.

I was shocked by the news.

Nagulat ako sa balita.

They were shocked by the news of the unexpected election results.

boring

nakakabagot

I've got a boring job in an office.

to get bored

mainip

Maria gets bored easily.

It's interesting.

Nakakawili ito.

It's interesting that you didn't know that.

to be interested in

magkaroon ng interes sa

I am interested in football.

a surprising ending

isang nakakagulat na wakas

The movie has a surprising ending.

I'm not surprised.

Hindi na ako nagtataka.

I'm not surprised by his behaviour.

The journey was exhausting.

Nakakapagod ang biyahe.

They were exhausted after the journey.

Pagod na pagod sila pagkatapos ng biyahe.

worrying

nakababahala

She has a worrying habit of not sleeping well at night.

worried

nag-aalala

She looked worried when she heard the news.

*Mga pariralang pang-ukol* Ang pariralang pang-ukol ay isang pangkat ng mga salita na binubuo ng isang *pang-ukol, layon nito, at anumang salita na nagbabago sa layon.* Kadalasan, binabago ng isang pariralang pang-ukol *ang isang pandiwa o isang pangngalan.* Halimbawa: "He arrived in time." "Are you going by bicycle or on foot?"

by chance

nang hindi sinasadya

I heard their secrets by chance.

on foot

nang nakayapak

If you go somewhere on foot, you walk there.

by all means

sa anumang paraan

Can I borrow your car? - By all means!

at short notice

sa huling sandali

The meeting was cancelled at short notice.

at a glance

sa isang tingin lang

I know him at a glance.

to approve of

pumayag

We’re not happy but we do approve of their decision.

on a diet

nagdidiyeta

The patient is on a diet.

around the world

sa buong mundo

Everyone around the world likes Coke.

to look forward to

nasasabik na

I am looking forward to seeing you.

Excited na akong makita ka.

in spite of

sa kabila ng

In spite of his fear, he decided to try skydiving.

In spite of the rain, we went hiking.

Sa kabila ng ulan, nag-hiking kami.

apart from

bukod sa

Apart from his job, he enjoys painting in his free time.

Apart from one mistake, the work was excellent.

Maliban sa isang pagkakamali, mahusay ang trabaho.

*Dapat* "Should"ay isang modal auxiliary verb. Ginagamit namin ito pangunahin sa: magbigay ng payo o gumawa ng mga rekomendasyon: "You should get a haircut." makipag-usap tungkol sa posibilidad at inaasahan: "They should arrive soon." pag-usapan ang obligasyon: "You should be wearing your seat belt."

You should study.

Dapat kang mag-aral.

You should study for the exam.

Should I come back?

Dapat ba akong bumalik?

to get a haircut

magpagupit ng buhok

You should get a haircut.

You should be more careful.

Dapat kang maging mas maingat.

What should I wear?

Ano ang dapat kong isuot?

the weight

ang timbang

She should gain some weight.

to lose weight

magbawas ng timbang

You should try to lose weight.

to apply for a job

mag-apply para sa trabaho

She should apply for the job.

It should be fine.

Dapat ay maging maayos lang ito.

Should we study?

Dapat ba tayong mag-aral?

Should we study more?

Students should submit their work on time.

Dapat ipasa ng mga estudyante ang kanilang gawain sa tamang oras.

The system should update after restart.

Dapat mag-update ang system pagkatapos mag-restart.

I should be studying instead of scrolling.

Dapat nag-aaral na lang ako sa halip na nag-i-scroll.

They should have warned us about the changes.

Dapat ay binalaan nila tayo tungkol sa mga pagbabago.

*Tulad o bilang?* "As"at "like"kadalasang nalilito dahil pareho silang magagamit para sa *paghahambing.* Karamihan sa mga oras, tulad ng paghahambing ng dalawang bagay. "He looks like my brother." Madalas, gaya ng maaaring palitan ng "the way". "He can’t play cricket as he used to."( "He can't play cricket the way he used to.")

like me

gaya ko

You are just like me.

as much as

gaya ng

She loves curry as much as I do.

the same as

katulad ng

Your phone is the same as mine.

She looks like her mother.

Kamukha niya ang kanyang ina.

the cotton

ang bulak

She doesn't wear cotton in the winter.

It feels like cotton.

Para itong bulak.

to feel like

gusto

I don't feel like it.

to work as

magtrabaho bilang

I worked as an actor for two years.

She's like a sister to me.

Para ko na siyang kapatid.

people like us

mga taong katulad natin

There are lots of people like us.

to expect

umasa

As we expected, it started to rain.

as I said

gaya ng sinabi ko

As I said, I think this project will be a challenge.

The situation unfolded as we had predicted.

Naganap ang sitwasyon ayon sa aming inaasahan.

to unfold

ibuka

As the story unfolded, we learned more about the characters' secrets.

Do it as instructed, otherwise it won’t work.

Gawin mo ayon sa itinuro, kung hindi ay hindi ito gagana.

It seems like we’ve met before.

Parang nagkita na tayo dati.

The room smells like something has been burning.

Amoy sunog sa loob ng kuwarto.

*Mga kagustuhan tungkol sa kasalukuyan o hinaharap* Magagamit natin "to wish"upang pag-usapan ang isang bagay na gusto nating maging iba sa kasalukuyan o sa hinaharap. Ginagamit namin *ang wish + past simple* : "I wish I spoke Italian." "I wish you were here." "I wish I had a big car."