Modale werkwoorde en bywoorde van waarskynlikheidEngelse woorde

by DuoCards

Om oor waarskynlikheid in Engels te praat, moet jy sommige van die bywoorde van waarskynlikheid leer. *Adverbs of probability* word gebruik om te wys hoe seker ons oor 'n situasie of gebeurtenis is. Kom ons leer 'n paar van die mees algemene!

definitely

beslis

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

Hy sal beslis daaroor spyt wees.

apparently

blykbaar

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

Dit lyk of hulle na 'n ander stad verhuis.

undoubtedly

ongetwyfeld

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

sekerlik

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

miskien

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

vanselfsprekend

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

Hy het klaarblyklik gelieg.

he obviously lied to me

probably

waarskynlik

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

Hulle slaap seker.

Perhaps you were right.

Miskien was jy reg.

*Hulpwerkwoorde* Modale werkwoorde is redelik algemeen in Engels; jy het hulle al honderde kere in aksie gesien al het jy nie geweet wat hulle genoem word nie. Algemene voorbeelde van modale werkwoorde sluit in "can", "should", en "must". Omdat hulle 'n soort *hulpwerkwoord (hulpwerkwoord)* is, word hulle saam met die *infinitiefvorm van die hoofwerkwoord* van 'n sin gebruik. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

Ek kan nie swem nie.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

Jy moet jou hande was.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

kaartjies bestel

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Kan ek asseblief bietjie water kry?

to focus

om te fokus

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

Jy moet gaan.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

hele

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

Ons kan die hele stad vanaf hierdie heuwel sien.

Everybody can dance!

Almal kan dans!

*Vermoë* Die modale werkwoord "can"dui aan of die onderwerp van 'n sin *in staat is om iets te doen.* Net so "can’t"dui die negatiewe vorm aan dat die onderwerp *nie in staat is om iets te doen nie.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN"en "CAN'T"toon ook versoek, toestemming en moontlikheid.

I can speak English.

Ek kan Engels praat.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

om fiets te ry

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

Hy kan loop.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

om 'n dag af te neem

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Watter tale kan jy praat?

chopsticks

eetstokkies

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Kan jy ons help?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Mag ek asseblief badkamer toe gaan?

My sister can surf well.

My suster kan goed surf.

Beide "can" en "be able to" het dieselfde betekenis. Hulle word gebruik om oor vermoë te praat. Maar "can" word gebruik om oor *algemene vermoë* te praat, en "be able to" word gebruik om oor *spesifieke vermoë* te praat. In sommige gevalle is hulle uitruilbaar. Byvoorbeeld: "I can swim." (in die algemeen) maar "I'm not able to swim today." Die negatiewe vorm van "to be able to" is "to be unable to", byvoorbeeld: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to" word soms gebruik *na modale* soos "might" of "should", en na werkwoorde soos "want", "hope", of "expect".

to be able to

om te kan

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

Ek sal dalk kan kom.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

die toegangsgeld

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

fluit

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

Hy kan lees en skryf.

to envy

beny

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Ek is jaloers op kinders wat so vinnig tale kan aanleer.

unable to speak

nie in staat om te praat nie

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

enuweeagtig

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

Hy was so senuweeagtig dat hy nie kon praat nie.

to attend

om 'n kursus by te woon

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

Ek kan dalk vir jou help.

*Eenvoudige verlede* Die modale werkwoorde "can"en "will"het spesiale verledetydsvorme: "can"→ "could" "will"→ "would" Na "could"of "would", gebruik ons altyd *die basisvorm van die hoofwerkwoord* (die infinitief sonder "to"). "Would"word gebruik vir verlede gewoontes. Voorbeelde: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid."(= Ek het die vermoë in die verlede gehad) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much."(= dit was my gewoonte in die verlede)

a handstand

handstand

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

nouliks

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Toe ek 'n student was, het ek tot laat in die nag gestudeer.

a countryside

die platteland

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

Elke somer het ons my grootouers op die platteland gaan besoek.

to smell

ruik

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Toe ek 'n kind was, kon ek baie vinnig hardloop.

"Would"en "could"*vir beleefdheid* Ons gebruik dit "could"*om beleefde versoeke of voorstelle te maak* (meer beleefd as "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." Ons gebruik dit "would"*vir beleefde aanbiedinge* of *om minder direk te klink.* "I would like a coffee."(= meer beleefd as "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Kan jy my asseblief help?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

Kan ek ... ?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Sou jy...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Wil jy dalk koffie hê?

That would be great!

Dit sou wonderlik wees!

Would it be possible?

Sou dit moontlik wees?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Kan jy dit asseblief herhaal?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Sal jy asseblief die venster oopmaak?

I would like a cup of tea.

Ek sal graag 'n koppie tee wil hê.

Would you like some help?

Wil jy hulp hê?

*Mei en Mag* Gebruik "may"en "might"om te praat oor wat *moontlik in die toekoms sal gebeur* . "May"en "might"beteken *miskien sal.* Hulle kan na die toekoms of die hede verwys. *Voorbeelde:* "I might have a pen in my bag."(= huidige gebruik) "She may arrive tomorrow."(= toekomstige gebruik) "May"en "might"is *modale werkwoorde* soos "can", "will", en "should", so hulle volg *dieselfde reëls.* 1) *Moenie -s by die derde persoon enkelvoud voeg nie.* 2) Om 'n *negatiewe* te vorm, voeg "not"na "may"en by. "might." 3) "May"kan saam met *ek* of *ons* gebruik word om *versoeke te rig.* 4) "May"en "might"word altyd gevolg deur 'n *werkwoord in die infinitiefvorm.*

might be

kan dalk wees

He might be right.

We might be there.

Ons sal dalk daar wees.

an episode

’n episode

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

Hy kom dalk.

She may not come.

Sy kom dalk nie.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

om genooi te word

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Kan ek asseblief tee kry?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

Ek gaan dalk.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Mag ek?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

krag

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Mag die krag met jou wees.

*Verlede modale vir aftrekking* "Might"en "may"kan ook gebruik word om *te raai wat in die verlede gebeur het.* Vorm: "might"/ "may"/ "may not have"/ "might not have"+ *verlede deelwoord werkwoord* "I might have seen him before."(= Ek is nie seker nie, maar dis moontlik) "He might not have received the message."(= Miskien het hy dit nie ontvang nie)

She may have left.

Sy het dalk vertrek.

the noise

die geraas

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

Ek het dalk...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

Ek het dalk die verkeerde handelsmerk gekoop.

to offend

beledig

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

Hy kon dalk gewees het...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

Hy was dalk al voorheen hier.

to receive

ontvang

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

Ons het dalk nie ontvang nie...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

om te verwyder

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

Sy het dalk haar sleutels verloor.

I might have seen him before.

Ek het hom dalk al voorheen gesien.

*Dit moes liefde gewees het!* Wanneer jy praat oor iets in die verlede wat dalk gebeur het en jy is *amper seker dat jou raaiskoot korrek is* , gebruik "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" Wanneer jy praat oor iets wat *nie in die verlede gebeur het nie* en jy is amper seker daaroor, gebruik "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *verlede deelwoord.* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

Jy moes dit sekerlik gesien het.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

Ek moes al voorheen hier gewees het.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

om te vergeet

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

Hy kon nie vergeet het nie.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

uitgeput wees

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

Jy moes uitgeput gewees het.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

Sy moes dit daar gelos het.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

om vas te sit

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

Dit kon nie sy gewees het nie.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

Dit moes liefde gewees het!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Gebruik van modale vir aanbevelings* Jy weet reeds dat *modale werkwoorde* *moontlikheid, bedoeling, vermoë of noodsaaklikheid aandui.* Kom ons kyk na 'n paar modale wat gebruik kan word om *aanbevelings te gee.* "Must"kan gebruik word om 'n sterk aanbeveling te gee. Jy kan ook "have to"vir aanbevelings gebruik, maar "must"is meer algemeen. ( "Have to"word gewoonlik gebruik om te praat oor reëls en dinge buite jou beheer.) "Should"en "ought to"word gebruik om 'n voorstel te gee. "Could"word gebruik om 'n opsie te gee. "Don’t have to"word gebruik om te sê dat iets nie nodig is nie. "Shouldn't"word gebruik om iemand sagkens te waarsku teen iets wat hy doen. "Mustn’t"word gebruik om iemand sterk te waarsku teen iets wat hy doen.

You must see it!

Jy moet dit sien!

You shouldn't ...

Jy behoort nie ...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

om alleen te wees

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

die eksamen oordoen

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

Ek hoef dit nie te doen nie.

less

minder

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

Hy kon bly...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

'n afspraak maak

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

Jy hoef nie te bestuur nie.

Do you have to go?

Moet jy gaan?

*Moes* "Should have"kan gebruik word om *spyt oor die verlede uit te druk* – om te wens dat iets in die verlede op 'n ander manier gebeur het: "I should have studied for my exam!" (Ek het nie vir my eksamen gestudeer nie. Ek het gedruip. Nou wens ek die verlede was anders.) Behoort kan ook gebruik word om *te praat oor iets wat jy verwag het om te gebeur* , maar dit het nie gebeur nie (of dit het eers later gebeur). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (Ek het 'n brief verwag, maar dit is nie hier nie).

You should have been here.

Jy moes hier gewees het.

to let (someone) know

om (iemand) te laat weet

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Jy moes gebel het.

to stay awake

wakker bly

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Ons moes meer geleer het.

to shout at

skree op

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Hulle moes gebly het.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

advies aanvaar

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

Ek moes beter geweet het.

by now

teen dié tyd

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Ek moes jou nooit laat gaan het nie.

to renew

hernu

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

Jy moes dit gedoen het.

*Sal + bywoorde van waarskynlikheid* Kom ons oefen nou die bywoorde van waarskynlikheid wat ons aan die begin van hierdie kursus geleer het! Jy kan "will"en "won’t"met verskillende bywoorde gebruik om te wys *hoe waarskynlik 'n toekomstige gebeurtenis is.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."