ሞዳል ግሦች እና የዕድል ተውላጠ ስሞችየእንግሊዝኛ ቃላት

by DuoCards

እነምን ናቸው እድሎች? በእንግሊዝኛ ላይ ስንነጋገር ስለ እድል አንዳንድ የእድል ግምት ግምቶችን መማር አለብህ። የእድል ግምት ግምቶች ስለ አንድ ሁኔታ ወይም ክስተት ምን ያህል እርግጠኛ እንደሆንን ለማሳየት ይጠቀማሉ። ከመደበኛው የተለመደው አንዳንድ እንኳን እንማር!

definitely

በእርግጠኝነት

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

እሱ በእርግጠኝነት ይቆጭበታል።

apparently

እንደሚታየው

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

እንደሚታየው ወደ ሌላ ከተማ እየተዛወሩ ነው።

undoubtedly

ያለ ጥርጥር

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

በእርግጥ

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

ምናልባት

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

እንደሚታየው

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

በግልጽ ውሸት ተናግሯል።

he obviously lied to me

probably

ምናልባት

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

ምናልባት ተኝተው ይሆናል

Perhaps you were right.

ምናልባት ትክክል ነበርክ።

*ሞዳል ግሶች* ሞዳል ግሦች በእንግሊዝኛ በጣም የተለመዱ ናቸው; ምን እንደሚጠሩ ባታውቁም በመቶዎች ለሚቆጠሩ ጊዜያት በተግባር አይተሃቸዋል. የተለመዱ የሞዳል ግሦች ምሳሌዎች "can"፣፣ "should"እና "must". *የረዳት ግሥ ዓይነት ስለሆኑ (የረዳት ግሥ)* ፣ *ከዋና ዋና ግሥ* ፍጻሜው ጋር አብረው ጥቅም ላይ ይውላሉ። "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

መዋኘት አልችልም

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

እጅህን መታጠብ አለብህ።

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

ቲኬቶችን ለማዘዝ

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

ጥቂት ውሃ ማግኘት እችላለሁ?

to focus

ማተኮር

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

መሄድ አለብህ

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

ሙሉ

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

ከዚህ ኮረብታ መላውን ከተማ ማየት እንችላለን።

Everybody can dance!

ማንኛውም ሰው መደነስ ይችላል!

*ችሎታ* የሞዳል ግስ "can"የአንድ ዓረፍተ ነገር ርዕሰ ጉዳይ *የሆነ ነገር ማድረግ መቻልን ይገልጻል።* በተመሳሳይም, አሉታዊው ቅርፅ "can’t"ጉዳዩ *አንድ ነገር ማድረግ እንደማይችል ያሳያል.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN"እና "CAN'T"እንዲሁም ጥያቄን፣ ፍቃድ እና እድልን አሳይ።

I can speak English.

እንግሊዝኛ መናገር እችላለሁ።

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

ብስክሌት መንዳት

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

መሄድ ይችላል

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

የአንድ ቀን እረፍት መውሰድ

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

ምን ምን ቋንቋዎችን መናገር ትችላለህ?

chopsticks

የምግብ መመገቢያ እንጨቶች

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

ልትረዳን ትችላለህ?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

ወደ መጸዳጃ ቤት መሄድ እችላለሁ?

My sister can surf well.

እህቴ በደንብ ሰርፊንግ ማድረግ ትችላለች።

"Can"*ወይም* "be able to?" ሁለቱም "can"እና "be able to"ተመሳሳይ ትርጉም አላቸው. ስለ ችሎታ ለማውራት ያገለግላሉ። ግን "can"ስለ *አጠቃላይ ችሎታ* ለመናገር ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል, እና "be able to"ስለ *ልዩ ችሎታ ለመናገር ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል.* በአንዳንድ ሁኔታዎች ተለዋዋጭ ናቸው. ለምሳሌ "I can swim."፡ (በአጠቃላይ) ግን "I'm not able to swim today." አሉታዊው ቅርፅ "to be able to""to be unable to"ለምሳሌ፡- "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to"አንዳንድ ጊዜ እንደ ወይም *ከመሳሰሉት ሞዳል በኋላ* ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል "might""should"፣ እና ከመሳሰሉት ግሦች በኋላ "want""hope""expect"።

to be able to

መቻል

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

መምጣት እችል ይሆናል

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

የመግቢያ ክፍያ

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

ማፏጨት

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

ማንበብና መጻፍ ይችላል።

to envy

መቅናት

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

ቋንቋዎችን በፍጥነት መማር የሚችሉ ልጆችን እቀናባቸዋለሁ።

unable to speak

መናገር አልችልም

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

ተጨንቋል

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

እጅግ በጣም ከመደናገጡ የተነሳ መናገር አልቻለም።

to attend

ኮርስ መከታተል

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

ልረዳህ እችል ይሆናል

*ቀላል ያለፈ* ሞዳል ግሶች "can"እና "will"ልዩ ያለፈ ጊዜ ቅጾች አሏቸው፡- "can"→ "could" "will"→ "would" በኋላ "could"ወይም "would"፣ እኛ ሁልጊዜ የምንጠቀመው *የዋናውን ግሥ መሠረት ነው* (ያለ ፍጻሜው "to")። "Would"ለቀድሞ ልምዶች ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል. ምሳሌዎች፡- "I could do a handstand when I was a kid."(= ከዚህ በፊት ችሎታ ነበረኝ) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much."(= ይህ ባለፈው ልማዴ ነበር)

a handstand

በእጅ መቆም

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

በጭንቅ

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

ተማሪ በነበርኩበት ጊዜ እስከ ሌሊት ድረስ አጠና ነበር።

a countryside

ገጠር

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

በየበጋው ወደ አያቶቻችን ገጠር እንሄድ ነበር።

to smell

ማሽተት

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

ትንሽ እያለሁ በጣም በፍጥነት መሮጥ እችል ነበር።

"Would"እና "could"*ለጨዋነት* "could"*ትሁት ጥያቄዎችን ወይም ጥቆማዎችን ለማቅረብ* እንጠቀማለን (ከዚህ የበለጠ ጨዋነት "can")። "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." እኛ "would"*በትህትና ለማቅረብ* እንጠቀማለን ወይም *ያነሰ ቀጥታ ድምጽ ለመስጠት።* "I would like a coffee."(= የበለጠ ጨዋነት ካለው "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

እባክዎን ሊረዱኝ ይችላሉ?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

እችላለሁ...?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

ትፈልጋለህ...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

ቡና ትጠጣለህ?

That would be great!

ያ በጣም ጥሩ ይሆናል!

Would it be possible?

ይህ ይቻል ይሆን?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

እባክህ እንደገና ትናገረዋለህ?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

እባክዎን መስኮቱን መክፈት ይችላሉ?

I would like a cup of tea.

አንድ ኩባያ ሻይ እፈልጋለሁ።

Would you like some help?

እርዳታ ትፈልጋለህ?

*ሜይ እና ማይት* "may" እና "might" በሚመጣው ወቅት *ምናልባት የሚከሰት ነገር* ላይ ለመናገር ይጠቀሙባቸዋል። "May" እና "might" ማለት *ምናልባት ይሆናል* ማለት ነው። በሚመጣው ወቅት ወይም በአሁኑ ወቅት ሊያመለክቱ ይችላሉ። *ምሳሌዎች:* "I might have a pen in my bag." ( = ወቅታዊ አጠቃቀም) "She may arrive tomorrow." ( = የሚመጣው ወቅት አጠቃቀም) "May" እና "might" እንደ *ሞዳል ግሶች* ናቸው "can", "will", እና "should", ስለዚህ *እኩል ደንቦችን ይከተላሉ።* 1) *በሶስተኛው ሰው አንድነት ላይ -s አያክሉ።* 2) *አሉታዊ ሁኔታ* ለመፍጠር "not" ከ"may" እና "might" በኋላ ያክሉ። 3) "May" ከ*I* ወይም *we* ጋር ተጠቅመው *ጥያቄዎች* ለማቅረብ ይቻላል። 4) "May" እና "might" ሁልጊዜ *በመጀመሪያ ደረጃ ያለ ግስ* ይከተላሉ።

might be

ሊሆን ይችላል

He might be right.

We might be there.

እዚያ ልንሆን እንችላለን።

an episode

ክፍል

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

ሊመጣ ይችላል

She may not come.

አትመጣም ይሆናል

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

መጋበዝ

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

ሻይ መጠጣት እችላለሁ?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

ምናልባት እሄድ ይሆናል

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

እፈቅዳለሁ?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

ኃይል

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

ኃይሉ ከአንተ ጋር ይሁን።

*ለቅናሽ ያለፉ ሞዳሎች* "Might"እና "may"ደግሞ *ከዚህ በፊት የሆነውን ነገር ለመገመት ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል ይችላል.* ቅጽ "might""may""may not have"፡ /// "might not have"+ *ያለፈ ተካፋይ ግሥ* "I might have seen him before."(= እርግጠኛ አይደለሁም ግን ይቻላል) "He might not have received the message."(= ምናልባት አልተቀበለውም)

She may have left.

እሷ ወጥታ ሊሆን ይችላል።

the noise

ጩኸቱ

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

ምናልባት ገዝቼ ሊሆን ይችላል...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

የገዛሁት ምርት የተሳሳተ ይመስለኛል።

to offend

ማስቀየም

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

እሱ ሊሆን ይችል ነበር...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

ምናልባት ከዚህ በፊት እዚህ መጥቶ ሊሆን ይችላል።

to receive

መቀበል

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

ምናልባት ላይደርሰን ይችላል...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

ማስወገድ

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

ቁልፎቿን አጥታ ሊሆን ይችላል።

I might have seen him before.

ከዚህ በፊት አይቼው ይሆናል

*ፍቅር መሆን አለበት!* ከዚህ ቀደም ሊከሰት ስለሚችለው ነገር ስታወራ እና *ግምታችሁ ትክክል ስለመሆኑ እርግጠኛ ስትሆን* ተጠቀም "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" ያለፈውን *ያልተከሰተ* ነገር ስታወራ እና ስለሱ እርግጠኛ ስትሆን "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *ያለፈ ተሳታፊ ግሥ ተጠቀም።* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

በእርግጠኝነት አይተኸው መሆን አለበት።

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

ከዚህ በፊት እዚህ መጥቼ መሆን አለበት።

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

መዘንጋት

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

ሊረሳው አይችልም ነበር።

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

መዳከም

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

ደክሞህ መሆን አለበት።

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

እዚያው ትታው መሆን አለበት።

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

መጣበቅ

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

እሷ ልትሆን አትችልም

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

ፍቅር መሆን አለበት!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*ለጥቆማዎች ሞዳልሎችን መጠቀም* *የሞዳል ግሦች* *ዕድልን፣ ሐሳብን፣ ችሎታን ወይም አስፈላጊነትን እንደሚያሳዩ አስቀድመው ያውቃሉ።* *ምክሮችን ለመስጠት የሚያገለግሉ አንዳንድ ሞዳሎችን እንመልከት።* "Must"ጠንካራ ምክር ለመስጠት ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል ይችላል. "have to"ለጥቆማዎችም መጠቀም ይችላሉ, ግን "must"የበለጠ የተለመደ ነው. ( "Have to"በአጠቃላይ ከእርስዎ ቁጥጥር ውጭ ስለሆኑ ደንቦች እና ነገሮች ለመነጋገር ይጠቅማል።) "Should"እና "ought to"አስተያየት ለመስጠት ጥቅም ላይ ይውላሉ. "Could"አማራጭ ለመስጠት ይጠቅማል። "Don’t have to"አንድ ነገር አስፈላጊ አይደለም ለማለት ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል. "Shouldn't"አንድን ሰው አንድ ነገር እንዳያደርግ በጥንቃቄ ለማስጠንቀቅ ይጠቅማል። "Mustn’t"አንድን ሰው አንድን ነገር እንዳያደርግ በጥብቅ ለማስጠንቀቅ ይጠቅማል።

You must see it!

ይህንን ማየት አለብህ!

You shouldn't ...

አንተ ማድረግ የለብህም...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

ብቻውን መሆን

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

ፈተናውን እንደገና መውሰድ

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

ይህንን ማድረግ የለብኝም

less

ያነሰ

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

እሱ መቆየት ይችል ነበር...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

ቀጠሮ ለመያዝ

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

መንዳት አያስፈልግህም

Do you have to go?

መሄድ አለብህ?

*ሊኖረው ይገባል።* "Should have"*ያለፈውን መጸጸትን* ለመግለጽ ጥቅም ላይ ሊውል ይችላል - ከዚህ በፊት የሆነ ነገር በተለየ መንገድ ተከሰተ ብሎ ለመመኘት፡- "I should have studied for my exam!" (ለፈተናዬ አልተማርኩም፣ ወድቄያለሁ፣ አሁን ያለፈው የተለየ ቢሆን ብዬ እመኛለሁ።) ሊኖርዎት *ስለሚችለው ነገር ለመነጋገር* ሊያገለግል ይችላል፣ ነገር ግን አልሆነም (ወይም በኋላ ላይ አልሆነም)። "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (ደብዳቤ እየጠበቅኩ ነበር፣ ግን እዚህ የለም።)

You should have been here.

እዚህ መገኘት ነበረብህ።

to let (someone) know

ማሳወቅ

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

መደወል ነበረብህ

to stay awake

ነቅቶ መቆየት

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

ከዚህ በላይ ማጥናት ነበረብን።

to shout at

መጮህ

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

መቆየት ነበረባቸው።

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

ምክር መቀበል

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

ከዚህ የተሻለ ማወቅ ነበረብኝ።

by now

እስካሁን

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

አንተን/አንቺን መተው አልነበረብኝም ነበር።

to renew

ማደስ

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

ያንን ማድረግ ነበረብህ።

*ፈቃድ + የፕሮባቢሊቲ ተውሳኮች* አሁን በዚህ ኮርስ መጀመሪያ ላይ የተማርናቸውን የፕሮባቢሊቲ ተውሳኮችን እንለማመድ! "will""won’t"*የወደፊት ክስተት ምን ያህል ሊሆን እንደሚችል ለማሳየት በተለያዩ ተውላጠ ቃላት መጠቀም ትችላለህ።* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."