Verbs modals i adverbis de probabilitatParaules en anglès

by DuoCards

*Quines són les probabilitats?* Per parlar de probabilitat en anglès, hauríeu d'aprendre alguns dels adverbis de probabilitat. *Els adverbis de probabilitat* s'utilitzen per mostrar com d'assegurats estem sobre una situació o un esdeveniment. Aprenguem-ne alguns dels més comuns!

definitely

sens dubte

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

Sens dubte, se'n penedirà.

apparently

aparentment

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

Pel que sembla, es muden a una altra ciutat.

undoubtedly

sens dubte

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

sens dubte

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

potser

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

òbviament

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

Evidentment va mentir.

he obviously lied to me

probably

probablement

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

Probablement dormen.

Perhaps you were right.

Potser tenies raó.

*Verbs modals* Els verbs modals són força comuns en anglès; els has vist en acció centenars de vegades, encara que no sabies com es deien. Els exemples habituals de verbs modals inclouen "can", "should"i "must". Com que són un tipus de *verb auxiliar (verb auxiliar)* , s'utilitzen juntament amb la *forma d'infinitiu del verb principal* d'una frase. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

No sé nedar.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

T'has de rentar les mans.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

demanar entrades

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Em podries donar una mica d'aigua?

to focus

concentrar-se

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

Hauries d'anar-te'n.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

sencer

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

Des d'aquest turó es pot veure tota la ciutat.

Everybody can dance!

Tothom pot ballar!

*Habilitat* El verb modal "can"expressa si el subjecte d'una oració és *capaç de fer alguna cosa.* De la mateixa manera, la forma negativa "can’t"mostra que el subjecte és *incapaç de fer alguna cosa.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN"i "CAN'T"també mostren sol·licitud, permís i possibilitat.

I can speak English.

Sé parlar anglès.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

anar en bicicleta

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

Sap caminar.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

agafar-se un dia lliure

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Quins idiomes parles?

chopsticks

escuradents

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Ens pots ajudar?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Puc anar al lavabo?

My sister can surf well.

La meva germana sap surfejar molt bé.

"Can"*o* "be able to?" Tots dos "can""be able to"tenen el mateix significat. S'utilitzen per parlar d'habilitat. Però "can"s'utilitza per parlar d' *habilitat general* i "be able to"s'utilitza per parlar d' *habilitat específica.* En alguns casos són intercanviables. Per exemple: "I can swim."(en general) però "I'm not able to swim today." La forma negativa de "to be able to"és "to be unable to", per exemple: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to"de vegades s'utilitza *després de modals* com ara "might"o "should", i després de verbs com ara "want", "hope", o "expect".

to be able to

ser capaç de

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

Potser podré venir.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

la quota d'entrada

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

xiular

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

Sap llegir i escriure.

to envy

envejar

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Envejo els nens que aprenen idiomes tan de pressa.

unable to speak

incapaç de parlar

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

nerviós

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

Estava tan nerviós que no podia parlar.

to attend

assistir a un curs

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

Potser et podré ajudar.

*Passat simple* Els verbs modals "can"i "will"tenen formes especials de passat: "can"→ "could" "will"→ "would" Després de "could"-o - "would", sempre fem servir *la forma base del verb principal* (l'infinitiu sense - "to"). "Would"s'utilitza per a hàbits passats. Exemples: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid."(= Vaig tenir la capacitat en el passat) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much."(= aquest era el meu hàbit en el passat)

a handstand

fer el pi

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

tot just

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Quan era estudiant, estudiava fins tard a la nit.

a countryside

el camp

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

Cada estiu anàvem a visitar els meus avis al camp.

to smell

fer olor

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Quan era petit, sabia córrer molt ràpid.

"Would"i "could"*per cortesia* Ho fem servir "could"*per fer peticions o suggeriments educats* (més educat que "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." Ho fem servir "would"*per a ofertes educades* o *per sonar menys directe.* "I would like a coffee."(= més educat que "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Em podries ajudar, si us plau?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

Podria... ?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Voldries...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Vols un cafè?

That would be great!

Això seria fantàstic!

Would it be possible?

Seria possible?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Podries repetir-ho?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Podries obrir la finestra, si us plau?

I would like a cup of tea.

M'agradaria prendre una tassa de te.

Would you like some help?

Vols ajuda?

Utilitza "may" i "might" per parlar del que *possiblement passarà* en el futur. "May" i "might" signifiquen *potser passarà.* Poden referir-se al futur o al present. *Exemples:* "I might have a pen in my bag." ( = ús present) "She may arrive tomorrow." ( = ús futur) "May" i "might" són *verbs modals* com "can", "will", i "should", així que segueixen *les mateixes regles.* 1) *No afegiu -s a la tercera persona del singular.* 2) Per formar un *negatiu*, afegiu "not" després de "may" i "might." 3) "May" es pot utilitzar amb *I* o *we* per fer *peticions.* 4) "May" i "might" sempre van seguits d'un *verb en forma d'infinitiu.*

might be

podria ser

He might be right.

We might be there.

Potser hi serem.

an episode

un episodi

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

Potser vindrà.

She may not come.

Pot ser que no vingui.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

ser convidat

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Em podries posar una mica de te?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

Potser hi aniré.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Puc?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

força

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Que la força t'acompanyi.

*Modals passats per a la deducció* "Might"i "may"també es pot utilitzar per *endevinar què va passar en el passat.* Forma: "might"/ "may"/ "may not have"/ "might not have"+ *participi passat del verb* "I might have seen him before."(= No n'estic segur, però és possible) "He might not have received the message."(= Potser no ho va rebre)

She may have left.

Potser ha marxat.

the noise

el soroll

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

Potser he comprat...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

Potser he comprat la marca equivocada.

to offend

ofendre

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

Podria haver estat...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

Potser ja ha estat aquí abans.

to receive

rebre

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

Potser no hem rebut...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

eliminar

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

Potser ha perdut les claus.

I might have seen him before.

Potser l'he vist abans.

*Deu haver estat amor!* Quan parleu d'alguna cosa del passat que podria haver passat i esteu *gairebé segur que la vostra conjectura és correcta* , feu servir "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" Quan parles d'alguna cosa que *no ha passat* en el passat i n'estàs gairebé segur, fes servir "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *participi passat del verb.* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

Segur que ho has vist.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

He d'haver estat aquí abans.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

oblidar

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

No ho podria haver oblidat.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

estar esgotat

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

Havies d'estar esgotat.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

L'ha hagut de deixar allà.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

quedar-se encallat

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

No podia haver estat ella.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

Devia ser amor!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Ús de modals per a recomanacions* Ja saps que *els verbs modals* mostren *possibilitat, intenció, habilitat o necessitat.* Fem una ullada a alguns modals que es poden utilitzar per *donar recomanacions.* "Must"es pot utilitzar per donar una recomanació sòlida. També es pot utilitzar "have to"per a recomanacions, però "must"és més comú. ( "Have to"generalment s'utilitza per parlar de normes i coses que escapen al teu control.) "Should"i "ought to"s'utilitzen per fer un suggeriment. "Could"s'utilitza per donar una opció. "Don’t have to"s'utilitza per dir que alguna cosa no és necessària. "Shouldn't"s'utilitza per advertir suaument algú que no faci alguna cosa. "Mustn’t"s'utilitza per advertir fermament a algú que no faci alguna cosa.

You must see it!

Has de veure-ho!

You shouldn't ...

No hauries de...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

estar sol

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

tornar a fer un examen

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

No cal que faci això.

less

menys

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

Podria quedar-se...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

concertar una cita

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

No cal que condueixis.

Do you have to go?

Has de marxar?

*Hauria de tenir* "Should have"es pot utilitzar per *expressar lamentacions pel passat* , per desitjar que alguna cosa en el passat hagi passat d'una manera diferent: "I should have studied for my exam!" (No vaig estudiar per als meus exàmens. Vaig suspendre. Ara m'agradaria que el passat fos diferent.) S'hauria d'haver també es pot utilitzar per *parlar d'alguna cosa que esperaves que passés* , però no va passar (o no va passar fins més tard). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (Esperava una carta, però no és aquí).

You should have been here.

Hauries d'haver estat aquí.

to let (someone) know

fer saber

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Hauries d'haver trucat.

to stay awake

quedar-se despert

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Hauríem d'haver estudiat més.

to shout at

cridar a

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Haurien d'haver-se quedat.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

acceptar consells

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

Hauria d'haver estat més llest.

by now

fins ara

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Mai t'hauria d'haver deixat marxar.

to renew

renovar

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

Això ho hauries d'haver fet.

*Voluntat + adverbis de probabilitat* Ara practiquem els adverbis de probabilitat que hem après a l'inici d'aquest curs! Podeu utilitzar "will"i "won’t"amb diferents adverbis per mostrar *com de probable és un esdeveniment futur.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."