Modali i prilozi vjerojatnostiEngleske riječi

by DuoCards

*Kolike su šanse?* Da biste govorili o vjerojatnosti na engleskom, trebali biste naučiti neke priloge vjerojatnosti. *Prilozi vjerojatnosti* koriste se kako bi se pokazalo koliko smo sigurni u neku situaciju ili događaj. Naučimo neke od najčešćih!

definitely

definitivno

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

On će definitivno požaliti zbog toga.

apparently

očito

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

Očigledno se sele u drugi grad.

undoubtedly

nedvojbeno

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

svakako

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

možda

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

očito

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

Očito je lagao.

he obviously lied to me

probably

vjerojatno

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

Vjerojatno spavaju.

Perhaps you were right.

Možda si bio u pravu.

*Modalni glagoli* Modalni glagoli prilično su česti u engleskom jeziku; vidjeli ste ih na djelu stotine puta čak i ako niste znali kako se zovu. Uobičajeni primjeri modalnih glagola uključuju "can", "should"i "must". Budući da su vrsta *pomoćnog glagola (pomoćni glagol)* , koriste se uz *infinitivni oblik glavnog glagola* rečenice. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

Ne znam plivati.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

Moraš oprati ruke.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

naručiti ulaznice

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Mogu li dobiti malo vode?

to focus

usredotočiti se

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

Trebao bi ići.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

čitav

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

S ovog se brda vidi cijeli grad.

Everybody can dance!

Svatko može plesati!

*Sposobnost* Modalni glagol "can"izražava je li subjekt rečenice *sposoban nešto učiniti.* Slično tome, negativan oblik "can’t"pokazuje da subjekt *nije u stanju nešto učiniti.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN"a "CAN'T"također pokazuju zahtjev, dopuštenje i mogućnost.

I can speak English.

Govorim engleski.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

voziti bicikl

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

On može hodati.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

uzeti slobodan dan

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Koje jezike govorite?

chopsticks

štapići za jelo

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Možeš li nam pomoći?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Mogu li ići na toalet?

My sister can surf well.

Moja sestra dobro surfira.

"Can"*ili* "be able to?" Oba "can""be able to"imaju isto značenje. Koriste se za govor o sposobnosti. Ali "can"se koristi za govor o *općim sposobnostima* , a "be able to"se koristi za govor o *specifičnim sposobnostima.* U nekim slučajevima su zamjenjivi. Na primjer: "I can swim."(općenito) ali "I'm not able to swim today." Negativni oblik od "to be able to"je "to be unable to", na primjer: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to"ponekad se koristi *nakon modalnih glagola* kao što su "might"ili "should", i nakon glagola kao što su "want", "hope", ili "expect".

to be able to

biti u mogućnosti

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

Možda ću moći doći.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

ulaznica

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

zviždati

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

On zna čitati i pisati.

to envy

zavidjeti

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Zavidim djeci koja tako brzo uče jezike.

unable to speak

nesposoban za govor

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

nervozan

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

Bio je toliko nervozan da nije mogao govoriti.

to attend

pohađati

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

Možda ću ti moći pomoći.

Modalni glagoli "can" i "will" imaju posebne oblike za prošlo vrijeme: "can" → "could" "will" → "would" Nakon "could" ili "would", uvijek koristimo *osnovni oblik glavnog glagola* (infinitiv bez "to"). "Would" se koristi za prošle navike. Primjeri: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid." (= imao sam tu sposobnost u prošlosti) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much." (= to je bila moja navika u prošlosti)

a handstand

stoj na rukama

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

jedva

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Dok sam bio student, učio sam dugo u noć.

a countryside

selo

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

Svakog smo ljeta odlazili kod bake i djeda na selo.

to smell

mirisati

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Kad sam bio dijete, znao sam trčati vrlo brzo.

"Would"i "could"*zbog pristojnosti* Koristimo "could"*za uljudne zahtjeve ili prijedloge* (uljudnije od "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." Koristimo "would"*za pristojne ponude* ili *da bismo zvučali manje izravno.* "I would like a coffee."(= pristojnije od "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Možeš li mi, molim te, pomoći?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

Mogu li... ?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Biste li...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Želite li kavu?

That would be great!

To bi bilo odlično!

Would it be possible?

Bi li to bilo moguće?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Možeš li to ponoviti?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Možeš li otvoriti prozor, molim te?

I would like a cup of tea.

Rado bih popio šalicu čaja.

Would you like some help?

Želiš li pomoć?

*Svibanj i Svjetski dan* Koristite glagole "may"i "might"za opisivanje onoga što *će se moguće dogoditi* u budućnosti "May"i "might"znače *možda hoće.* Mogu se odnositi na budućnost ili sadašnjost. *Primjeri:* "I might have a pen in my bag."( = trenutna upotreba) "She may arrive tomorrow."( = buduća upotreba) "May"i "might"su *modalni glagoli* poput "can", "will", i "should", pa slijede *ista pravila.* 1) *Ne dodavajte -s trećem licu jednine.* 2) Za formiranje *negativa* , dodajte "not"nakon "may"i "might." 3) "May"može se koristiti s *ja* ili *mi* za podnošenje *zahtjeva.* 4) "May"i "might"uvijek ih slijedi *glagol u infinitivu*

might be

može biti

He might be right.

We might be there.

Možda ćemo biti tamo.

an episode

epizoda

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

Možda dođe.

She may not come.

Možda neće doći.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

biti pozvan

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Mogu li dobiti čaj?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

Možda odem.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Mogu li?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

sila

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Neka te sila prati.

*Prošli modali za odbitak* "Might"a "may"može se koristiti i za *nagađanje što se dogodilo u prošlosti.* Oblik: "might"/ "may"/ "may not have"/ "might not have"+ *glagolski particip prošli* "I might have seen him before."(= Nisam siguran/sigurna, ali je moguće) "He might not have received the message."(= Možda ga nije primio)

She may have left.

Možda je otišla.

the noise

buka

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

Možda sam kupio...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

Možda sam kupio krivu marku.

to offend

uvrijediti

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

Možda je bio...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

Možda je već bio ovdje.

to receive

primati

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

Možda nismo primili...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

ukloniti

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

Možda je izgubila ključeve.

I might have seen him before.

Možda sam ga već negdje vidio.

*Mora da je bila ljubav!* Kada govorite o nečemu u prošlosti što se moglo dogoditi i *gotovo ste sigurni da je vaša pretpostavka točna* , koristite "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" Kada govorite o nečemu što *se nije dogodilo* u prošlosti, a gotovo ste sigurni u to, koristite "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *glagolski particip prošli.* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

Sigurno si to vidio.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

Mora da sam već bio ovdje.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

zaboraviti

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

Nije mogao zaboraviti.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

biti iscrpljen

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

Mora da si bio iscrpljen.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

Morala ga je ostaviti tamo.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

zaglaviti

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

To nije mogla biti ona.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

Mora da je to bila ljubav!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Korištenje modalnih oglasa za preporuke* Već znate da *modalni glagoli* pokazuju *mogućnost, namjeru, sposobnost ili nužnost.* Pogledajmo neke modalne prozore koji se mogu koristiti za *davanje preporuka.* "Must"može se koristiti za davanje snažne preporuke. Također se može koristiti "have to"za preporuke, ali "must"je češći. ( "Have to"se općenito koristi za razgovor o pravilima i stvarima izvan vaše kontrole.) "Should"i "ought to"koriste se za davanje prijedloga. "Could"koristi se za davanje opcije. "Don’t have to"koristi se za izričaj da nešto nije potrebno. "Shouldn't"koristi se za blago upozorenje nekoga da nešto ne učini. "Mustn’t"koristi se za snažno upozorenje nekome da nešto ne učini.

You must see it!

Moraš to vidjeti!

You shouldn't ...

Ne bi trebao...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

biti sam

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

ponovno polagati ispit

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

Ne moram to raditi.

less

manje

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

Mogao bi ostati...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

dogovoriti sastanak

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

Ne moraš voziti.

Do you have to go?

Moraš li ići?

*Trebao je* "Should have"može se koristiti za *izražavanje žaljenja zbog prošlosti* – za želju da se nešto u prošlosti dogodilo na drugačiji način: "I should have studied for my exam!" (Nisam učio za ispite. Pao sam. Sad bih volio da je prošlost drugačija.) Trebalo se također može koristiti za *razgovor o nečemu što ste očekivali da će se dogoditi* , ali se nije dogodilo (ili se dogodilo tek kasnije). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (Očekivao sam pismo, ali ga nema).

You should have been here.

Trebao si biti ovdje.

to let (someone) know

javiti (nekome)

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Trebao si nazvati.

to stay awake

ostati budan

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Trebali smo više učiti.

to shout at

vikati na

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Trebali su ostati.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

prihvatiti savjet

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

Trebao sam znati bolje.

by now

do sada

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Nikada te nisam trebao pustiti.

to renew

obnoviti

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

To si trebao napraviti.

*Volja + prilozi vjerojatnosti* Sada vježbajmo priloge vjerojatnosti koje smo naučili na početku ovog tečaja! Možete koristiti "will"i "won’t"s različitim prilozima kako biste pokazali *koliko je vjerojatan budući događaj.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."