Modal dan Kata Keterangan ProbabilitasKata-kata bahasa Inggris

by DuoCards

*Berapa kemungkinannya?* Untuk berbicara tentang probabilitas dalam bahasa Inggris, Anda harus mempelajari beberapa kata keterangan probabilitas. *Kata keterangan probabilitas* digunakan untuk menunjukkan seberapa yakin kita tentang suatu situasi atau peristiwa. Mari pelajari beberapa yang paling umum!

definitely

tentu saja

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

Dia pasti akan menyesalinya.

apparently

rupanya

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

Ternyata, mereka pindah ke kota lain.

undoubtedly

tidak diragukan lagi

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

tentu saja

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

mungkin

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

jelas sekali

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

Dia jelas-jelas berbohong.

he obviously lied to me

probably

mungkin

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

Mereka mungkin sedang tidur.

Perhaps you were right.

Mungkin kamu benar.

*kata kerja modal* Kata kerja modal cukup umum dalam bahasa Inggris; Anda telah melihatnya beraksi ratusan kali meskipun Anda tidak tahu apa sebutannya. Contoh umum kata kerja modal meliputi "can",, "should"dan "must". Karena merupakan jenis *kata kerja bantu (kata kerja pembantu)* , kata kerja tersebut digunakan bersama dengan *bentuk infinitif dari kata kerja utama* sebuah kalimat. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

Saya tidak bisa berenang.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

Kamu harus mencuci tanganmu.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

memesan tiket

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Boleh saya minta air?

to focus

fokus

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

Kamu sebaiknya pergi.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

seluruh

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

Seluruh kota bisa terlihat dari bukit ini.

Everybody can dance!

Semua orang bisa menari!

Modal verb "can" menyatakan apakah subjek dari sebuah kalimat *dapat melakukan sesuatu.* Demikian pula, bentuk negatif "can’t" menunjukkan bahwa subjek *tidak dapat melakukan sesuatu.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN" dan "CAN'T" juga menunjukkan permintaan, izin, dan kemungkinan.

I can speak English.

Saya bisa bahasa Inggris.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

bersepeda

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

Dia bisa berjalan.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

mengambil cuti sehari

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Bahasa apa saja yang Anda kuasai?

chopsticks

sumpit

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Bisakah Anda membantu kami?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Boleh saya ke kamar mandi?

My sister can surf well.

Kakak perempuan saya pandai berselancar.

"Can" *atau* "be able to?" Kedua "can" dan "be able to" memiliki arti yang sama. Keduanya digunakan untuk membahas kemampuan. Namun, "can" digunakan untuk membahas *kemampuan umum*, sedangkan "be able to" digunakan untuk membahas *kemampuan spesifik.* Dalam beberapa kasus, keduanya dapat digunakan secara bergantian. Contoh: "I can swim." (secara umum) tetapi "I'm not able to swim today." Bentuk negatif dari "to be able to" adalah "to be unable to", misalnya: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to" terkadang digunakan *setelah kata kerja modal* seperti "might" atau "should", dan setelah kata kerja seperti "want", "hope", atau "expect".

to be able to

mampu

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

Mungkin aku bisa datang.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

biaya masuk

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

bersiul

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

Dia bisa membaca dan menulis.

to envy

iri

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Saya iri dengan anak-anak yang bisa belajar bahasa dengan begitu cepat.

unable to speak

tidak dapat berbicara

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

gugup

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

Dia sangat gugup sampai tidak bisa bicara.

to attend

mengikuti

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

Mungkin aku bisa membantumu.

*Masa lalu yang sederhana* Kata kerja modal "can" dan "will" memiliki bentuk khusus dari bentuk lampau: "can" → "could" "will" → "would" Setelah "could" atau "would", kita selalu menggunakan *bentuk dasar dari kata kerja utama* (infinitif tanpa "to"). "Would" digunakan untuk kebiasaan di masa lampau. Contoh: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid." (= Saya memiliki kemampuan di masa lalu) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much." (= ini adalah kebiasaan saya di masa lalu)

a handstand

berdiri dengan tangan

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

nyaris tidak

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Waktu masih jadi mahasiswa, saya sering belajar sampai larut malam.

a countryside

pedesaan

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

Setiap musim panas, kami biasa mengunjungi kakek dan nenek di pedesaan.

to smell

mencium

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Waktu aku masih kecil, aku bisa lari sangat cepat.

"Would" dan "could" *untuk kesopanan* Kami menggunakan "could" *untuk membuat permintaan atau saran yang sopan* (lebih sopan daripada "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." Kami menggunakan "would" *untuk menawarkan dengan sopan* atau *untuk terdengar kurang langsung.* "I would like a coffee." (= lebih sopan daripada "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Bisa tolong bantu saya?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

Bolehkah saya ... ?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Apakah Anda mau...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Mau minum kopi?

That would be great!

Itu akan sangat bagus!

Would it be possible?

Apakah itu memungkinkan?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Bisa tolong ulangi lagi?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Bisa tolong buka jendelanya?

I would like a cup of tea.

Saya ingin secangkir teh.

Would you like some help?

Ada yang bisa dibantu?

Gunakan "may" dan "might" untuk membicarakan apa yang *mungkin akan terjadi* di masa depan. "May" dan "might" berarti *mungkin akan.* Mereka dapat merujuk pada masa depan atau masa kini. *Contoh:* "I might have a pen in my bag." ( = penggunaan saat ini) "She may arrive tomorrow." ( = penggunaan masa depan) "May" dan "might" adalah *kata kerja modal* seperti "can", "will", dan "should", jadi mereka mengikuti *aturan yang sama.* 1) *Jangan tambahkan -s pada orang ketiga tunggal.* 2) Untuk membentuk *negatif*, tambahkan "not" setelah "may" dan "might." 3) "May" dapat digunakan dengan *I* atau *we* untuk membuat *permintaan.* 4) "May" dan "might" selalu diikuti oleh *kata kerja dalam bentuk infinitif.*

might be

mungkin saja

He might be right.

We might be there.

Mungkin kami akan ada di sana.

an episode

sebuah episode

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

Mungkin dia akan datang.

She may not come.

Dia mungkin tidak datang.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

diundang

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Boleh saya minta teh?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

Mungkin aku akan pergi.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Boleh?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

kekuatan

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Semoga Force bersamamu.

*Modal Verba Masa Lalu untuk Penarikan Kesimpulan* "Might", dan "may" juga dapat digunakan untuk *menebak apa yang terjadi di masa lalu.* Bentuk: "might"/"may"/"may not have"/"might not have" + *kata kerja bentuk lampau*"I might have seen him before." (= Saya tidak yakin, tapi mungkin saja)"He might not have received the message." (= Mungkin dia tidak menerimanya)

She may have left.

Dia mungkin sudah pergi.

the noise

kebisingan

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

Mungkin aku sudah membeli...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

Mungkin saya salah beli merek.

to offend

menghina

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

Dia mungkin saja...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

Dia mungkin pernah ke sini sebelumnya.

to receive

menerima

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

Mungkin kami belum menerima...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

menghapus

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

Dia mungkin kehilangan kuncinya.

I might have seen him before.

Mungkin aku pernah melihatnya sebelumnya.

Ketika Anda berbicara tentang sesuatu di masa lalu yang mungkin telah terjadi dan Anda hampir yakin bahwa tebakan Anda benar, gunakan "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" Ketika Anda berbicara tentang sesuatu yang *tidak terjadi* di masa lalu dan Anda hampir yakin tentang hal itu, gunakan "couldn't"/"can't have" + *past participle verb.* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

Kamu pasti sudah melihatnya.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

Aku pasti sudah pernah ke sini sebelumnya.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

melupakan

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

Dia tidak mungkin lupa.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

kelelahan

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

Kamu pasti sangat lelah.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

Dia pasti meninggalkannya di sana.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

terjebak

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

Itu tidak mungkin dia.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

Itu pasti cinta!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Menggunakan Modal untuk Rekomendasi* Anda sudah tahu bahwa *kata kerja modal* menunjukkan *kemungkinan, niat, kemampuan, atau kebutuhan.* Mari kita lihat beberapa modal yang dapat digunakan untuk *memberikan rekomendasi.* "Must" dapat digunakan untuk memberikan rekomendasi yang kuat. Anda juga dapat menggunakan "have to" untuk rekomendasi, tetapi "must" lebih umum. ("Have to" umumnya digunakan untuk membicarakan aturan dan hal-hal di luar kendali Anda.) "Should" dan "ought to" digunakan untuk memberikan saran. "Could" digunakan untuk memberikan opsi. "Don’t have to" digunakan untuk mengatakan bahwa sesuatu tidak diperlukan. "Shouldn't" digunakan untuk memperingatkan seseorang dengan lembut agar tidak melakukan sesuatu. "Mustn’t" digunakan untuk memperingatkan seseorang dengan tegas agar tidak melakukan sesuatu.

You must see it!

Kamu harus melihatnya!

You shouldn't ...

Kamu sebaiknya tidak ...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

sendirian

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

mengulang ujian

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

Aku tidak harus melakukan ini.

less

kurang

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

Dia bisa saja tinggal...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

membuat janji temu

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

Anda tidak perlu menyetir.

Do you have to go?

Apakah kamu harus pergi?

*Harus punya* "Should have"dapat digunakan untuk *mengungkapkan penyesalan terhadap masa lalu* – berharap sesuatu di masa lalu terjadi dengan cara yang berbeda: "I should have studied for my exam!" (Saya tidak belajar untuk ujian. Saya gagal. Sekarang saya berharap masa lalu berbeda.) Seharusnya juga dapat digunakan untuk *membicarakan sesuatu yang Anda harapkan terjadi* , namun hal itu tidak terjadi (atau tidak terjadi hingga nanti). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (Saya mengharapkan surat, tetapi tidak ada di sini).

You should have been here.

Kamu seharusnya ada di sini.

to let (someone) know

memberi tahu

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Kamu seharusnya menelepon.

to stay awake

tetap terjaga

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Seharusnya kita belajar lebih banyak.

to shout at

meneriaki

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Mereka seharusnya tetap tinggal.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

menerima saran

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

Seharusnya aku sudah tahu.

by now

sampai saat ini

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Aku seharusnya tidak pernah membiarkanmu pergi.

to renew

memperbarui

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

Seharusnya kamu melakukan itu.

*Akan + keterangan probabilitas* Sekarang mari berlatih kata keterangan probabilitas yang telah kita pelajari di awal kursus ini! Anda dapat menggunakan "will"dan "won’t"dengan kata keterangan yang berbeda untuk menunjukkan *seberapa besar kemungkinan peristiwa di masa depan.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."