Ngwaa na-egosi ohere na okwu ndị na-akọwa ohereOkwu bekee

by DuoCards

Iji kwuo maka ohere na Bekee, ị ga-amụta ụfọdụ adverb nke ohere. *Adverbs of probability* na-ejikarị egosi etu anyị si nwee ntụkwasị obi banyere ọnọdụ ma ọ bụ ihe omume. Ka anyị mụta ụfọdụ n'ime ndị a na-ahụkarị!

definitely

n'ezie

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

Ọ ga-akwa ụta n'ezie.

apparently

dị ka ọ dị

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

O dika ha na-akwaga n'obodo ozo.

undoubtedly

n'enweghi obi abuo

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

n'ezie

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

eleghị anya

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

n'ezie

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

O doro anya na ogha ụgha.

he obviously lied to me

probably

ikekwe

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

O nwere ike ịbụ na ha na-arahụ ụra.

Perhaps you were right.

Ikekwe, i nwere ike ịbụ onye ziri ezi.

*Ngwaa modal* Ngwaa modal na-adịkarị na bekee; ị hụla ka ha na-eme ọtụtụ narị ugboro ọbụlagodi na ị maghị ihe a na-akpọ ha. Ihe atụ nkịtị nke ngwaa modal gụnyere "can", "should", na "must". N'ihi na ha bụ ụdị *ngwaa inyeaka (ngwaa inyeaka)* , a na-eji ha n'akụkụ *enweghị njedebe nke ngwaa bụ isi* nke ahịrịokwu. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

Amaghị m igwu mmiri.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

Ị ghaghị ịsa aka gị.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

ịtụ tiketi

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Enwere m ike inweta mmiri?

to focus

itinye uche

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

I kwesịrị ịla.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

n'uju

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

Anyị nwere ike ịhụ obodo ahụ niile site n'ugwu a.

Everybody can dance!

Onye ọ bụla nwere ike ịgba egwu!

*Ikike* Ngwaa modal "can"na-egosipụta ma isiokwu nke ahịrịokwu nwere *ike ime ihe.* N'otu aka ahụ, ụdị ọjọọ "can’t"na-egosi na isiokwu ahụ *enweghị ike ime ihe.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN""CAN'T"ma gosikwa arịrịọ, ikike na ohere.

I can speak English.

Enwere m ike ikwu Bekee.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

ịgba ígwè

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

O nwere ike ije ije.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

iwere otu ụbọchị ezumike

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Kedu asụsụ ndị ị maara?

chopsticks

osisi iri nri

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Ị nwere ike inyere anyị aka?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Enwere m ike ịga n'ụlọ mposi?

My sister can surf well.

Nwanne m nwanyị maara otú e si agba sọọfụ nke ọma.

"Can"*ma ọ bụ* "be able to?" Abụọ "can"na "be able to"nwere otu ihe pụtara. A na-eji ha ekwu okwu gbasara ikike. Ma "can"na-eji na-ekwu banyere *izugbe ike* , na "be able to"-eji na-ekwu okwu banyere *kpọmkwem ikike.* Mgbe ụfọdụ, ha na-agbanwe agbanwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ: "I can swim."(n'ozuzu) mana "I'm not able to swim today." Ụdị adịghị mma "to be able to"bụ "to be unable to", dịka ọmụmaatụ: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to"a na-eji mgbe ụfọdụ *emechaa ụdịdị* dị ka "might"ma ọ bụ "should", na mgbe ngwaa dị ka "want", "hope", ma ọ bụ "expect".

to be able to

inwe ike

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

O nwere ike ịbụ na m ga-enwe ike ịbịa.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

ego mbanye

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

ifiere

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

O nwere ike ịgụ na ide.

to envy

anyaụfụ

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Ana m enwere ụmụaka na-amụ asụsụ ngwa ngwa anyaụfụ.

unable to speak

enweghi ike ikwu okwu

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

ụjọ

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

Ụjọ tụrụ ya nke ukwuu nke na o nweghị ike ikwu okwu.

to attend

ịga klas

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

O nwere ike ịbụ na m ga-enwe ike inyere gị aka.

*Mfe gara aga* Ngwaa modal ahụ "can"ma "will"nwee ụdị ọpụrụiche gara aga: "can"→ "could" "will"→ "would" Mgbe "could"ma ọ bụ "would", anyị na-ejikarị *ụdị isi nke ngwaa bụ isi* (nke na-enweghị njedebe "to"). "Would"a na-eji eme ihe n'oge gara aga. Ọmụmaatụ: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid."(= Enwere m ike n'oge gara aga) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much."(= Nke a bụ omume m n'oge gara aga)

a handstand

iguzo n'aka

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

obere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara izu

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Mgbe m bụ nwa akwụkwọ, m na-amụ ihe ruo chi e jiri.

a countryside

ime obodo

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

N'oge ọkọchị ọ bụla, anyị na-aga ileta nna nna anyị na nne nne anyị n'ime ime obodo.

to smell

isi

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Mgbe m bu nwata, enwere m ike ịgba ọsọ nke ukwuu.

"Would"na "could"*maka nkwanye ùgwù* Anyị na-eji "could"*obi ụtọ na-arịọ arịrịọ ma ọ bụ aro* (ọkwa mma karịa "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." Anyị na-eji "would"*maka onyinye dị mma* ma ọ bụ *na-ada ụda dị ntakịrị.* "I would like a coffee."(= nwere nkwanye ùgwù karịa "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Biko, i nwere ike inyere m aka?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

Àná m èné...

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Ị̀ ga-achọ...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Ị̀ ga-achọ kọfị?

That would be great!

Nke ahụ ga-adị mma!

Would it be possible?

À ga-enwe ike ime ya?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Ị nwere ike ikwughachi ya?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Biko, i nwere ike imeghe windo ahụ?

I would like a cup of tea.

Ọ ga-amasị m ịṅụ otu iko tii.

Would you like some help?

Ị chọrọ enyemaka?

*Mee na Mee* Jiri "may"na "might"ikwu banyere ihe *nwere ike ime* n'ọdịnihu. "May"na "might"pụtara *eleghị anya ga-.* Ha nwere ike na-ezo aka n'ọdịnihu ma ọ bụ ugbu a. *Ọmụmaatụ:* "I might have a pen in my bag."(= eji ugbu a) "She may arrive tomorrow."(= ojiji n'ọdịnihu) "May"ma "might"bụrụ *ngwaa modal* dị ka "can", "will", na "should", ya mere ha na-agbaso *otu iwu ahụ.* 1) *E tinyela -s na onye nke atọ dị iche iche.* 2) Iji mepụta *adịghị mma* , gbakwunye "not"mgbe "may"na "might." 3) "May"enwere ike iji ya na *m* ma ọ bụ *anyị* mee *arịrịọ.* 4) "May"ma "might"na-esochi *ngwaa n'ụdị enweghị njedebe.*

might be

o nwere ike ịbụ

He might be right.

We might be there.

Anyị nwere ike ịbụ ebe ahụ.

an episode

ihe nkiri

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

O nwere ike ịbịa.

She may not come.

O nwere ike ọ gaghị abịa.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

inwe òkù

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Enwere m ike inweta tii?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

O nwere ike ịbụ na m ga-aga.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Enwere m ike?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

ike

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Ka ike nọnyere gị.

*Modal gara aga maka mwepu* "Might""may"nwekwara ike iji *chepụta ihe mere n'oge gara aga.* Ụdị: "might""may"/// "may not have""might not have"+ *ngwaa sonye gara aga* "I might have seen him before."(= Amaghị m, mana ọ ga-ekwe omume) "He might not have received the message."(= Ma eleghị anya, ọ nataghị ya)

She may have left.

O nwere ike ịbụ na ọ laala.

the noise

mkpọtụ ahụ

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

O nwere ike ịbụ na azụrụ m...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

O nwere ike ịbụ na azụrụ m ụdị na-ezighị ezi.

to offend

ime ihe na-ewute mmadụ

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

O nwere ike ịbụ na ọ bụ...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

O nwere ike ịbụ na ọ nọbuola ebe a tupu ugbu a.

to receive

ịnara

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

O nwere ike ịbụ na anyị enwetaghị...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

iwepụ

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

O nwere ike ịbụ na ọ tụfuru igodo ya.

I might have seen him before.

O nwere ike ịbụ na ahụrụ m ya na mbụ.

*Ọ ga-abụrịrị ịhụnanya!* Mgbe ị na-ekwu maka ihe n'oge gara aga nwere ike ime na ị fọrọ *nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ị chere bụ eziokwu* , jiri "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" Mgbe ị na-ekwu maka ihe *na-emeghị* n'oge gara aga ma ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ị na-ejide n'aka na ya, jiri "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *ngwaa participle gara aga.* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

Ị ga-ahụla ya.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

O ga-abụ na anọwo m ebe a mbụ.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

ichefu

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

O nweghị ike ichefuola ya.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

ike ịgwụ

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

O ghaghị ịbụ na ike gwụrụ gị nke ukwuu.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

Ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ hapụrụ ya n'ebe ahụ.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

ijide

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

Ọ gaghị abụ ya.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

Ọ ghaghị ịbụ ịhụnanya!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Iji Modal maka Nkwanye* Ị maraworị na *ngwaa modal* na-egosi *ohere, ebumnobi, ikike, ma ọ bụ mkpa.* Ka anyị leba anya n'ụfọdụ ụdịdị enwere ike iji *nye ndụmọdụ.* "Must"enwere ike iji nye ndụmọdụ siri ike. Ị nwekwara ike iji "have to"maka ndụmọdụ, mana "must"ọ na-adịkarị. ( "Have to"a na-ejikarị ekwu maka iwu na ihe ndị karịrị gị ike.) "Should""ought to"ma jiri ya nye ntụnye. "Could"a na-eji enye nhọrọ. "Don’t have to"a na-eji na-ekwu na ihe adịghị mkpa. "Shouldn't"a na-eji iji nwayọọ dọọ mmadụ aka ná ntị ka ọ ghara ime ihe. "Mustn’t"a na-eji adọ mmadụ aka ná ntị ike megide ime ihe.

You must see it!

Ị ga-ahụ ya!

You shouldn't ...

I kwesighi...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

inwe onwe gị

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

ime ule ahụ ọzọ

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

Ọ dịghị mkpa ka m mee nke a.

less

obere

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

O nwere ike inọrọ...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

ime nhazi oge

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

Ị dịghị mkpa ịnya ụgbọala.

Do you have to go?

Ị ga-apụ?

*Kwesịrị inwe* "Should have"enwere ike iji *gosipụta ịkwa ụta maka oge gara aga* - ka ọ bụrụ na ihe mere n'oge gara aga mere n'ụzọ dị iche: "I should have studied for my exam!" (Agaghị m akwụkwọ maka ule m. M dara. Ugbu a ọ dị m ka ya bụrụ na oge gara aga dị iche.) Kwesịrị inwe nwekwara ike-eji *na-ekwu banyere ihe ị na-atụ anya na-eme* , ma ọ dịghị eme (ma ọ bụ na ọ dịghị eme ruo mgbe e mesịrị). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (Anọ m na-atụ anya akwụkwọ ozi, mana ọ nọghị ebe a).

You should have been here.

Ị gaara anọ ebe a.

to let (someone) know

ime ka onye ọ bụla mara

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Ị gaara akpọ oku

to stay awake

ịnọgide na-amụ anya

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Anyị kwesịrị ịmụtakwuo ihe.

to shout at

iti mkpu na

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Ha kwesịrị ịnọrọ.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

inara ndụmọdụ

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

O kwesịrị ịbụ na amaara m mma karịa nke ahụ.

by now

ruo ugbua

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Ekwesighi m ikwe ka i laa ma oli.

to renew

meghari

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

Ị gaara eme ihe ahụ.

*Will + adverbs nke puru omume* Ugbu a, ka anyị na-eme adverbs nke ihe gbasara omume nke anyị mụtara na mmalite nke nkuzi a! Ị nwere ike iji "will""won’t"yana okwu okwu dị iche iche iji gosi *ka ihe omume ga-eme n'ọdịnihu dị.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."