Kata Kerja Modal dan Kata Adverba KebarangkalianPerkataan bahasa Inggeris

by DuoCards

*Apakah kebarangkaliannya?* Untuk bercakap tentang kebarangkalian dalam bahasa Inggeris, anda harus mempelajari beberapa kata keterangan kebarangkalian. *Kata keterangan kebarangkalian* digunakan untuk menunjukkan sejauh mana kita pasti tentang sesuatu situasi atau peristiwa. Mari kita pelajari beberapa yang paling biasa!

definitely

sudah tentu

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

Dia pasti akan menyesalinya.

apparently

nampaknya

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

Nampaknya, mereka sedang berpindah ke bandar lain.

undoubtedly

Sudah pasti

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

pastinya

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

mungkin

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

jelas sekali

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

Dia jelas-jelas berbohong.

he obviously lied to me

probably

mungkin

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

Mereka mungkin sedang tidur.

Perhaps you were right.

Mungkin awak betul.

*Kata kerja modal* Kata kerja modal agak biasa dalam bahasa Inggeris; anda telah melihat mereka beraksi beratus kali walaupun anda tidak tahu apa nama mereka. Contoh umum kata kerja modal termasuk "can", "should", dan "must". Oleh kerana kata kerja itu adalah sejenis *kata kerja bantu (kata kerja pembantu)* , ia digunakan bersama *bentuk infinitif kata kerja utama* ayat. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

Saya tidak tahu berenang.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

Awak perlu basuh tangan.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

untuk menempah tiket

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Boleh saya minta air?

to focus

fokus

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

Awak patut pergi.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

keseluruhan

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

Kita boleh nampak seluruh bandar dari bukit ini.

Everybody can dance!

Sesiapa sahaja boleh menari!

*Kebolehan* Kata kerja modal "can"menyatakan sama ada subjek ayat *dapat melakukan sesuatu.* Begitu juga, bentuk negatif "can’t"menunjukkan bahawa subjek *tidak dapat melakukan sesuatu.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN"dan "CAN'T"juga menunjukkan permintaan, kebenaran, dan kemungkinan.

I can speak English.

Saya boleh bertutur dalam bahasa Inggeris.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

berbasikal

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

Dia boleh berjalan.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

mengambil cuti sehari

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Apakah bahasa yang anda kuasai?

chopsticks

penyepit

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Bolehkah anda bantu kami?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Boleh saya pergi ke tandas?

My sister can surf well.

Kakak saya pandai meluncur.

"Can"*atau* "be able to?" Kedua-duanya "can"dan "be able to"mempunyai maksud yang sama. Mereka biasa bercakap tentang kebolehan. Tetapi "can"digunakan untuk bercakap tentang *keupayaan umum* , dan "be able to"digunakan untuk bercakap tentang *keupayaan khusus.* Dalam sesetengah kes, ia boleh ditukar ganti. Contohnya: "I can swim."(secara umum) tetapi "I'm not able to swim today." Bentuk negatif "to be able to"ialah "to be unable to", sebagai contoh: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to"kadangkala digunakan *selepas modal* seperti "might"atau "should", dan selepas kata kerja seperti "want", "hope", atau "expect".

to be able to

dapat

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

Saya mungkin boleh datang.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

yuran masuk

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

bersiul

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

Dia boleh membaca dan menulis.

to envy

cemburu

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Saya cemburu melihat kanak-kanak yang boleh belajar bahasa dengan begitu cepat.

unable to speak

tidak dapat bercakap

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

gugup

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

Dia berasa sangat gementar sehingga tidak dapat berkata apa-apa.

to attend

menghadiri kursus

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

Saya mungkin boleh membantu anda.

*Masa lalu yang mudah* Kata kerja modal "can"dan "will"mempunyai bentuk lampau khas: "can"→ "could" "will"→ "would" Selepas "could"atau "would", kami sentiasa menggunakan *bentuk dasar kata kerja utama* (infinitif tanpa "to"). "Would"digunakan untuk tabiat masa lalu. Contoh: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid."(= Saya mempunyai keupayaan pada masa lalu) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much."(= ini kebiasaan saya dahulu)

a handstand

dirian tangan

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

hampir tidak

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Semasa saya masih seorang pelajar, saya sering belajar hingga larut malam.

a countryside

kawasan luar bandar

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

Setiap musim panas, kami akan melawat datuk dan nenek saya di kampung.

to smell

menghidu

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Masa saya kecil dahulu, saya boleh berlari dengan sangat laju.

"Would"dan "could"*untuk kesopanan* Kami gunakan "could"*untuk membuat permintaan atau cadangan yang sopan* (lebih sopan daripada "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." Kami gunakan "would"*untuk tawaran sopan* atau *bunyi yang kurang langsung.* "I would like a coffee."(= lebih sopan daripada "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Bolehkah anda bantu saya?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

Bolehkah saya ... ?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Adakah anda mahu...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Anda mahu kopi?

That would be great!

Itu bagus sekali!

Would it be possible?

Adakah itu mungkin?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Boleh awak ulang?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Boleh tolong buka tingkap itu?

I would like a cup of tea.

Saya mahu secawan teh.

Would you like some help?

Adakah anda perlukan bantuan?

*Mei dan Mungkin* Gunakan "may"dan "might"bercakap tentang perkara *yang mungkin berlaku* pada masa hadapan. "May"dan "might"bermakna *mungkin akan.* Mereka boleh merujuk kepada masa depan atau masa kini. *Contoh:* "I might have a pen in my bag."( = penggunaan sekarang) "She may arrive tomorrow."( = kegunaan masa hadapan) "May"dan "might"ialah *kata kerja modal* seperti "can", "will", dan "should", jadi mereka mengikut *peraturan yang sama.* 1) *Jangan tambah -s pada orang ketiga tunggal.* 2) Untuk membentuk *negatif* , tambah "not"selepas "may"dan "might." 3) "May"boleh digunakan dengan *saya* atau *kami* untuk membuat *permintaan.* 4) "May"dan "might"sentiasa diikuti oleh *kata kerja dalam bentuk infinitif.*

might be

mungkin

He might be right.

We might be there.

Kami mungkin akan berada di sana.

an episode

satu episod

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

Dia mungkin akan datang.

She may not come.

Dia mungkin tidak datang.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

dijemput

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Boleh saya minta teh?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

Mungkin saya akan pergi.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Boleh saya?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

kekuatan

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Semoga kuasa bersamamu.

*Modal Lepas untuk Potongan* "Might"dan "may"juga boleh digunakan untuk *meneka apa yang berlaku pada masa lalu.* Bentuk: "might"// "may""may not have"/ "might not have"+ *kata kerja participle lalu* "I might have seen him before."(= Saya tidak pasti, tetapi mungkin) "He might not have received the message."(= Mungkin dia tidak menerimanya)

She may have left.

Mungkin dia sudah pergi.

the noise

bunyi bising

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

Mungkin saya telah membeli...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

Mungkin saya tersalah beli jenama.

to offend

menyinggung

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

Dia mungkin telah...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

Dia mungkin pernah ke sini sebelum ini.

to receive

menerima

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

Kami mungkin tidak menerima...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

buang

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

Dia mungkin telah kehilangan kuncinya.

I might have seen him before.

Saya mungkin pernah nampak dia sebelum ini.

*Ia pasti cinta!* Apabila anda bercakap tentang sesuatu pada masa lalu yang mungkin berlaku dan anda *hampir pasti bahawa tekaan anda betul* , gunakan "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" Apabila anda bercakap tentang sesuatu yang *tidak berlaku* pada masa lalu dan anda hampir pasti mengenainya, gunakan "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *kata kerja participle lalu.* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

Awak mesti dah nampak.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

Saya pasti pernah ke sini sebelum ini.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

melupakan

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

Dia tidak mungkin lupa.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

keletihan

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

Awak mesti sangat penat.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

Dia pasti telah meninggalkannya di sana.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

terperangkap

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

Bukan dia orangnya.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

Pasti itu cinta!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Menggunakan Modal untuk Pengesyoran* Anda sudah tahu bahawa *kata kerja modal* menunjukkan *kemungkinan, niat, keupayaan atau keperluan.* Mari kita lihat beberapa modal yang boleh digunakan untuk *memberikan cadangan.* "Must"boleh digunakan untuk memberikan cadangan yang kuat. Anda juga boleh menggunakan "have to"untuk pengesyoran, tetapi "must"lebih biasa. ( "Have to"biasanya digunakan untuk bercakap tentang peraturan dan perkara di luar kawalan anda.) "Should"dan "ought to"digunakan untuk memberi cadangan. "Could"digunakan untuk memberi pilihan. "Don’t have to"digunakan untuk mengatakan bahawa sesuatu tidak perlu. "Shouldn't"digunakan untuk memberi amaran kepada seseorang dengan lembut agar tidak melakukan sesuatu. "Mustn’t"digunakan untuk memberi amaran keras kepada seseorang agar tidak melakukan sesuatu.

You must see it!

Awak mesti tengok ni!

You shouldn't ...

Awak sepatutnya tidak...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

bersendirian

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

mengambil semula peperiksaan

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

Saya tidak perlu melakukan ini.

less

kurang

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

Dia boleh tinggal...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

membuat janji temu

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

Anda tidak perlu memandu.

Do you have to go?

Awak kena pergi ke?

*Sepatutnya* "Should have"boleh digunakan untuk *menyatakan kekesalan tentang masa lalu* - untuk berharap sesuatu pada masa lalu telah berlaku dengan cara yang berbeza: "I should have studied for my exam!" (Saya tidak belajar untuk peperiksaan saya. Saya gagal. Sekarang saya harap masa lalu berbeza.) Seharusnya juga boleh digunakan untuk *bercakap tentang sesuatu yang anda jangkakan akan berlaku* , tetapi ia tidak berlaku (atau ia tidak berlaku sehingga kemudian). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (Saya menjangkakan surat, tetapi ia tidak ada di sini).

You should have been here.

Awak sepatutnya berada di sini.

to let (someone) know

memberitahu

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Awak sepatutnya menelefon.

to stay awake

untuk berjaga

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Kita sepatutnya belajar lebih lagi.

to shout at

menjerit ke arah

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Mereka sepatutnya tinggal.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

menerima nasihat

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

Sepatutnya saya lebih tahu.

by now

setakat ini

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Saya sepatutnya tidak melepaskan awak.

to renew

memperbaharui

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

Awak sepatutnya buat begitu.

*Akan + adverba kebarangkalian* Sekarang mari kita praktikkan kata keterangan kebarangkalian yang telah kita pelajari pada permulaan kursus ini! Anda boleh menggunakan "will"dan "won’t"dengan kata keterangan yang berbeza untuk menunjukkan *kebarangkalian peristiwa masa hadapan.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."