मोडलहरू र सम्भावनाका क्रियाविशेषणहरूअंग्रेजी शब्दहरू

by DuoCards

संभावनाहरू के हुन्? अंग्रेजीमा सम्भावनाको बारेमा कुरा गर्नको लागि, तपाईंले सम्भावनाका केही क्रियाविशेषणहरू सिक्नुपर्छ। सम्भावनाका क्रियाविशेषणहरू प्रयोग गरिन्छ जब हामी कुनै स्थिति वा घटनाको बारेमा कत्तिको निश्चित छौं भन्ने देखाउन चाहन्छौं। आउनुहोस्, केही सामान्य क्रियाविशेषणहरू सिकौं!

definitely

अवश्य

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

उसले पक्कै पनि यसमा पछुताउनेछ।

apparently

जहाँसम्म सुनिन्छ

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

उनीहरू अर्को सहरमा सर्दै छन् जस्तो छ।

undoubtedly

निस्सन्देह

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

पक्कै पनि

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

सायद

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

स्पष्ट रूपमा

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

उसले स्पष्ट रूपमा झूट बोल्यो।

he obviously lied to me

probably

सम्भवतः

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

उनीहरू सायद सुतिरहेका छन्।

Perhaps you were right.

सायद तिमीले भनेको सही थियो।

*मोडल क्रियाहरू* मोडल क्रियाहरू अंग्रेजीमा धेरै सामान्य छन्; तपाईंले तिनीहरूलाई सयौं पटक कार्यमा देख्नुभएको छ यदि तपाईंलाई उनीहरूलाई के भनिन्छ थाहा थिएन। मोडल क्रियाहरूको सामान्य उदाहरणहरू "can", "should", र "must". किनभने तिनीहरू *सहायक क्रिया (सहायक क्रिया)* को एक प्रकार हुन्, तिनीहरू वाक्यको *मुख्य क्रियाको अनन्त रूपको* साथमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."।

I can't swim.

म पौडिन जान्दिनँ।

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

तपाईंले आफ्नो हात धुनुपर्छ।

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

टिकट अर्डर गर्ने

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

के म अलि पानी पाउन सक्छु?

to focus

केन्द्रित हुनु

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

तपाईं जानुपर्छ।

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

पूरा

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

यो डाँडाबाट पूरै सहर देखिन्छ।

Everybody can dance!

सबैले नाच्न सक्छन्!

*क्षमता* मोडल क्रियाले "can"वाक्यको कर्ता *केही गर्न सक्षम छ कि छैन भनेर व्यक्त गर्दछ।* त्यस्तै गरी, नकारात्मक रूपले "can’t"कर्ता *केही गर्न असमर्थ छ भनेर देखाउँछ।* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN"र "CAN'T"अनुरोध, अनुमति, र सम्भावना पनि देखाउनुहोस्।

I can speak English.

म अंग्रेजी बोल्न सक्छु।

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

साइकल चलाउनु

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

उसले हिंड्न सक्छ।

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

एक दिन बिदा लिनु

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

तपाईं कुन-कुन भाषा बोल्न सक्नुहुन्छ?

chopsticks

चपस्टिक

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

के तपाईं हामीलाई मद्दत गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

म शौचालय जान सक्छु?

My sister can surf well.

मेरी बहिनी राम्रोसँग सर्फिङ गर्न सक्छिन्।

"Can"*वा* "be able to?" दुवै "can"र "be able to"एउटै अर्थ राख्छन्। क्षमताको बारेमा कुरा गर्न यी शब्दहरू प्रयोग गरिन्छ। तर "can"*सामान्य क्षमताको* बारेमा कुरा गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ, र "be able to"*विशिष्ट क्षमताको बारेमा कुरा गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ।* केही अवस्थामा यी शब्दहरू आदानप्रदान गर्न सकिन्छ। उदाहरणका लागि: "I can swim."(सामान्यतया) तर "I'm not able to swim today." को नकारात्मक रूप "to be able to"हो "to be unable to", उदाहरणका लागि: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to"कहिलेकाहीँ or जस्ता *मोडलहरू पछि* "might""should"र "want", "hope", or जस्ता क्रियापदहरू पछि प्रयोग गरिन्छ "expect"।

to be able to

सक्षम हुनु

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

म आउन सक्छु होला।

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

प्रवेश शुल्क

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

शिट्टी मार्नु

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

उनी पढ्न र लेख्न सक्छन्।

to envy

डाह गर्नु

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

म ती बालबालिकाहरूको ईर्ष्या गर्छु जसले यति छिटो भाषाहरू सिक्न सक्छन्।

unable to speak

बोल्न असमर्थ

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

हतास

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

उनी यति धेरै नर्भस थिए कि बोल्नै सकेनन्।

to attend

कक्षामा सहभागी हुनु

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

म तिमीलाई मद्दत गर्न सक्छु होला।

*साधारण विगत* मोडल क्रियापदहरू "can"र "will"भूतकालका विशेष रूपहरू छन्: "can"→ "could" "will"→ "would" "could"वा पछि "would", हामी सधैं *मुख्य क्रियाको आधार रूप* (बिना अनन्त "to") प्रयोग गर्छौं। "Would"विगतका बानीहरूको लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। उदाहरणहरू: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid."(= मसँग विगतमा क्षमता थियो) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much."(= यो पहिले मेरो बानी थियो)

a handstand

हातको भरमा उभिने काम

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

मुश्किलले

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

म विद्यार्थी हुँदा अबेर रातसम्म पढ्ने गर्थें।

a countryside

गाउँले इलाका

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

प्रत्येक गर्मीयाममा हामी गाउँमा रहेका हाम्रा हजुरबा-हजुरआमाकहाँ जान्थ्यौँ।

to smell

सुँघ्नु

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

म सानो छँदा धेरै छिटो दगुर्न सक्थें।

"Would"र "could"*शिष्टाचारको लागि* हामी "could"*विनम्र अनुरोध वा सुझावहरू गर्न* प्रयोग गर्छौं (भन्दा बढी विनम्र "can")। "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." हामी "would"*विनम्र प्रस्तावहरूको लागि* वा *कम प्रत्यक्ष सुनिनको लागि प्रयोग गर्छौं।* "I would like a coffee."(= भन्दा बढी विनम्र "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"।

Could you help me, please?

के तपाईं मलाई मद्दत गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

के म ... सक्छु?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

के तपाईँ ...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

तपाईं कफी खानुहुन्छ?

That would be great!

त्यो धेरै राम्रो हुनेछ!

Would it be possible?

के यो सम्भव होला?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

के तपाईं यसलाई फेरि भन्न सक्नुहुन्छ?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

कृपया, झ्याल खोलिदिनुहुन्छ?

I would like a cup of tea.

म एक कप चिया खान चाहन्छु।

Would you like some help?

के तपाईंलाई केही मद्दत चाहिन्छ?

*मे र मे* "may""might"भविष्यमा के *हुन सक्छ भन्ने* बारेमा कुरा गर्न र प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्। "May"र "might"यसको अर्थ *सायद हुनेछ।* तिनीहरूले भविष्य वा वर्तमानलाई जनाउन सक्छन्। *उदाहरणहरू:* "I might have a pen in my bag."( = वर्तमान प्रयोग) "She may arrive tomorrow."(= भविष्यको प्रयोग) "May"र "might"*मोडल क्रियापदहरू* जस्तै "can", "will", र हुन् "should", त्यसैले तिनीहरू *समान नियमहरू पालना गर्छन्।* १) *तेस्रो पुरुष एकवचनमा -s नथपाउनुहोस्।* २) *ऋणात्मक* बनाउन, "not"पछि थप्नुहोस् "may"र "might." ३) "May"*अनुरोध* गर्न *I* वा *we* सँग प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। ४) "May"र "might"सधैं *अनन्त रूपमा क्रिया पछि आउँछन्।* ।

might be

हुन सक्छ

He might be right.

We might be there.

हामी त्यहाँ हुन सक्छौं।

an episode

एउटा एपिसोड

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

उनी आउन सक्छन्।

She may not come.

उनी नआउन सक्छिन्।

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

आमन्त्रित हुनु

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

के म अलिकति चिया पाउन सक्छु?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

म सायद जानेछु।

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

म गर्न सक्छु?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

बल

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

शक्ति तिम्रो साथमा रहोस्।

*कटौतीको लागि विगतका मोडलहरू* "Might"र "may"*विगतमा के भयो भनेर अनुमान गर्न पनि प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।* रूप: "might"/ "may"/ "may not have"/ "might not have"+ *भूत कृदन्त क्रिया* "I might have seen him before."(= मलाई पक्का छैन, तर यो सम्भव छ) "He might not have received the message."(= सायद उसले यो पाएन)

She may have left.

उनी सायद गइसकिन् होला।

the noise

हल्ला

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

मैले सायद किनेको हुनुपर्छ...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

मैले सायद गलत ब्रान्ड किनेँ जस्तो छ।

to offend

अपमान गर्नु

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

उनी हुन सक्थे...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

उनी सायद पहिले पनि यहाँ आएका थिए होलान्।

to receive

प्राप्त गर्नु

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

हामीले सायद प्राप्त गरेका छैनौँ...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

हटाउनु

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

उसले सायद आफ्नो साँचो हराई कि।

I might have seen him before.

मैले सायद उसलाई पहिले पनि देखेको हुन सक्छु।

*यो माया नै हुनुपर्छ!* जब तपाईं विगतमा भएको कुनै घटनाको बारेमा कुरा गर्नुहुन्छ र *तपाईंको अनुमान सही छ भन्ने कुरामा लगभग निश्चित* हुनुहुन्छ भने, प्रयोग गर्नुहोस् "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" जब तपाईं विगतमा *नभएको* कुराको बारेमा कुरा गर्नुहुन्छ र तपाईं लगभग निश्चित हुनुहुन्छ भने, "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *past participle verb प्रयोग गर्नुहोस्।* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"।

You must have seen it.

तपाईंले पक्कै पनि देख्नुभएको हुनुपर्छ।

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

म पक्कै पनि यहाँ पहिले आइसकेको हुनुपर्छ।

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

बिर्सनु

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

उसले पक्कै पनि बिर्सेको हुनुपर्दैन।

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

थाक्नु

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

तपाईं पक्कै पनि थाक्नुभएको हुनुपर्छ।

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

उसले त्यो त्यहीँ नै छोडेकी हुनुपर्छ।

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

फस्नु

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

त्यो उनी हुन सक्दिनथिन्।

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

त्यो पक्कै पनि प्रेम हुनुपर्छ!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*सिफारिसहरूको लागि मोडलहरू प्रयोग गर्दै* तपाईंलाई पहिले नै थाहा छ कि *मोडल क्रियाहरूले* *सम्भावना, उद्देश्य, क्षमता, वा आवश्यकता देखाउँछन्।* *सिफारिसहरू दिन प्रयोग गर्न सकिने केही मोडलहरू हेरौं।* "Must"बलियो सिफारिस दिन प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। तपाईं "have to"सिफारिसहरूको लागि पनि प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर "must"यो बढी सामान्य छ। ( "Have to"सामान्यतया नियमहरू र तपाईंको नियन्त्रणभन्दा बाहिरका कुराहरूको बारेमा कुरा गर्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ।) "Should"र "ought to"सुझाव दिन प्रयोग गरिन्छ। "Could"विकल्प दिन प्रयोग गरिन्छ। "Don’t have to"केहि आवश्यक छैन भन्न प्रयोग गरिन्छ। "Shouldn't"कसैलाई केहि नगर्न बिस्तारै चेतावनी दिन प्रयोग गरिन्छ। "Mustn’t"कसैलाई केहि नगर्न कडा चेतावनी दिन प्रयोग गरिन्छ।

You must see it!

तपाईंले यो पक्कै हेर्नुपर्छ!

You shouldn't ...

तपाईंले यसो गर्नु हुँदैन...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

एक्लै हुनु

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

परीक्षा पुनः दिनु

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

मैले यो गर्नुपर्दैन।

less

कम

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

उनी बस्न सक्थे...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

भेट्ने समय मिलाउनु

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

तपाईंले गाडी चलाउनु पर्दैन।

Do you have to go?

के तिमीले जानै पर्ने हो?

*हुनुपर्छ* "Should have"*विगतको बारेमा अफसोस व्यक्त गर्न* प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ - विगतमा केहि फरक तरिकामा भएको थियो भन्ने कामना गर्न: "I should have studied for my exam!" (मैले मेरो परीक्षाको लागि अध्ययन गरिन। म फेल भएँ। अब म चाहन्छु कि विगत फरक होस्।) *तपाईंले अपेक्षा गरेको कुराको बारेमा कुरा गर्नको* लागि पनि प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ, तर त्यो भएन (वा यो पछिसम्म भएन)। "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (मैले एउटा पत्रको अपेक्षा गरेको थिएँ, तर यो यहाँ छैन)।

You should have been here.

तपाईं यहाँ हुनुपर्थ्यो।

to let (someone) know

जानकारी दिनु

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

तपाईंले फोन गर्नुपर्थ्यो।

to stay awake

उज्यालो रहनु

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

हामीले अझ बढी पढ्नुपर्थ्यो।

to shout at

कराउनु

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

तिनीहरू बस्नुपर्थ्यो।

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

सल्लाह लिनु

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

मैले अझ राम्रोसँग जान्नुपर्थ्यो।

by now

अहिलेसम्म

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

मैले तिमीलाई कहिल्यै जान दिनु हुँदैनथ्यो।

to renew

नवीनीकरण गर्नु

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

तिमीले त्यो गर्नुपर्ने थियो।

*विल + सम्भाव्यता का क्रियाविशेषण* अब हामीले यस पाठ्यक्रमको सुरुमा सिकेका सम्भाव्यताका क्रियाविशेषणहरू अभ्यास गरौं! तपाईं "will""won’t"*भविष्यको घटना कति सम्भावित छ भनेर देखाउन विभिन्न क्रियाविशेषणहरू प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."।