Modalni glagoli in prislovi verjetnostiAngleške besede

by DuoCards

Če želite govoriti o verjetnosti v angleščini, se morate naučiti nekaterih prislovov verjetnosti. *Adverbs of probability* se uporabljajo za prikaz, kako prepričani smo glede situacije ali dogodka. Naučimo se nekaterih najpogostejših!

definitely

vsekakor

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

Zagotovo mu bo žal.

apparently

očitno

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

Očitno se selijo v drugo mesto.

undoubtedly

nedvomno

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

vsekakor

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

morda

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

očitno

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

Očitno je lagal.

he obviously lied to me

probably

verjetno

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

Verjetno spijo.

Perhaps you were right.

Morda si imel prav.

*Modalni glagoli* Modalni glagoli so v angleščini precej pogosti; že stokrat ste jih videli v akciji, tudi če niste vedeli, kako se imenujejo. Pogosti primeri modalnih glagolov so "can", "should" in "must". Ker so vrsta *pomožnih glagolov (pomožni glagol*), se uporabljajo poleg *nedoločniške oblike glavnega glagola* v stavku. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

Ne znam plavati.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

Umiti si moraš roke.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

naročiti vstopnice

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Lahko dobim malo vode?

to focus

osredotočiti se

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

Moral bi iti.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

celoten

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

S tega hriba se vidi celo mesto.

Everybody can dance!

Vsakdo lahko pleše!

*Sposobnost* Modalni glagol "can" izraža, ali je subjekt stavka *sposoben nekaj narediti.* Prav tako negativna oblika "can’t" kaže, da subjekt *nečesa ne more storiti.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN" and "CAN'T" kažejo tudi prošnjo, dovoljenje in možnost.

I can speak English.

Znam angleško.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

voziti kolo

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

Zna hoditi.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

vzeti si prost dan

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Katere jezike govorite?

chopsticks

jedilne palčke

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Nam lahko pomagaš?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Ali lahko grem na stranišče?

My sister can surf well.

Moja sestra dobro surfa.

Tako "can" kot "be able to" imata enak pomen. Uporabljata se za govor o sposobnosti. Vendar se "can" uporablja za govor o *splošni sposobnosti*, medtem ko se "be able to" uporablja za govor o *specifični sposobnosti.* V nekaterih primerih sta zamenljiva. Na primer: "I can swim." (na splošno) ampak "I'm not able to swim today." Negativna oblika "to be able to" je "to be unable to", na primer: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to" se včasih uporablja *po modalih* kot so "might" ali "should", in po glagolih kot so "want", "hope", ali "expect".

to be able to

biti sposoben

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

Morda bom lahko prišel.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

vstopnina

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

žvižgati

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

Zna brati in pisati.

to envy

zavidati

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Zavidam otrokom, ki se tako hitro učijo jezikov.

unable to speak

ne more govoriti

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

živčen

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

Bil je tako živčen, da ni mogel govoriti.

to attend

obiskovati

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

Morda ti bom lahko pomagal.

*Preprosti preteklik* Modalna glagola "can" in "will" imata posebne oblike za pretekli čas: "can" → "could" "will" → "would" Po "could" ali "would" vedno uporabljamo *osnovno obliko glavnega glagola* (nedoločnik brez "to"). "Would" se uporablja za pretekle navade. Primeri: V primeru, da je v preteklosti bilo nekaj, kar je bilo v preteklosti, je treba vzeti v zakup, da se je v preteklosti uporabljala, da se je v preteklosti uporabljala: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid." (= v preteklosti sem imel to sposobnost) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much." (= to je bila moja navada v preteklosti)

a handstand

stojka na rokah

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

komaj

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Ko sem bil študent, sem se učil pozno v noč.

a countryside

podeželje

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

Vsako poletje smo obiskovali stare starše na podeželju.

to smell

vohati

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Ko sem bil majhen, sem znal teči zelo hitro.

"Would" in "could" *za vljudnost*. "could" uporabljamo za *izražanje vljudnih prošenj ali predlogov* (bolj vljudno kot "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." "would" uporabljamo *za vljudnostne ponudbe* ali *če želimo, da zveni manj neposredno.* "I would like a coffee." (= bolj vljudno kot "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Mi lahko prosim pomagate?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

Bi lahko... ?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Bi ...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Bi kavo?

That would be great!

To bi bilo odlično!

Would it be possible?

Bi bilo to mogoče?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Lahko prosim ponovite?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Ali lahko prosim odpreš okno?

I would like a cup of tea.

Rad bi skodelico čaja.

Would you like some help?

Ali želite pomoč?

*Maj in mogočnost* Za pogovor o tem, kaj *se bo morda zgodilo* v prihodnosti, uporabite "may" in "might". "May" in "might" pomenita *morda bo.* Lahko se nanašata na prihodnost ali sedanjost. *Primeri:* "I might have a pen in my bag." ( = sedanja raba) "She may arrive tomorrow." ( = prihodnja uporaba) "May" in "might" sta *modalna glagola* kot "can", "will" in "should", zato zanju veljajo *ista pravila.* 1) *V tretji osebi ednine ne dodajamo -s.* 2) Če želite tvoriti *negativ*, dodajte "not" za "may" in "might.". 3) "May" se lahko uporablja z *jaz* ali *mi* za izražanje *prošenj*. 4) Za "May" in "might" vedno sledi *glagol v nedoločniški obliki.*

might be

morda je

He might be right.

We might be there.

Morda bomo tam.

an episode

epizoda

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

Morda bo prišel.

She may not come.

Morda ne bo prišla.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

biti povabljen

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Lahko dobim čaj?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

Morda bom šel.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Smem

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

sila

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Naj te spremlja sila.

*Pretekli modalni obrazi za dedukcijo* "Might" in "may" lahko uporabimo tudi za *ugibanje, kaj se je zgodilo v preteklosti.* Oblika: "might"/"may"/"may not have"/"might not have" + *pretekli deležnik glagol* "I might have seen him before." (= nisem prepričan, vendar je to mogoče) "He might not have received the message." (= Morda ga ni prejel)

She may have left.

Morda je odšla.

the noise

hrup

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

Morda sem kupil...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

Morda sem kupil napačno znamko.

to offend

užaliti

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

Morda je bil...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

Morda je bil že kdaj tukaj.

to receive

prejeti

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

Morda nismo prejeli...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

odstraniti

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

Morda je izgubila ključe.

I might have seen him before.

Morda sem ga že kdaj videl.

Ko govorite o nečem v preteklosti, kar se je morda zgodilo in ste skoraj prepričani, da imate prav, uporabite Ko govorite o nečem, kar se v preteklosti ni zgodilo in ste skoraj prepričani o tem, uporabite

You must have seen it.

Zagotovo si to videl.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

Tukaj sem moral biti že prej.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

pozabiti

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

Ni mogel pozabiti.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

biti izčrpan

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

Moral si biti izčrpan.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

Morala ga je pustiti tam.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

obtičati

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

To ni mogla biti ona.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

To je morala biti ljubezen!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Uporaba modalnih stavkov za priporočila* Že veste, da *modalni glagoli* kažejo *možnost, namero, sposobnost ali nujnost*. Oglejmo si nekaj modalnih glagolov, ki jih lahko uporabimo za *dajanje priporočil.* "Must" lahko uporabimo za dajanje močnega priporočila. Za priporočila lahko uporabite tudi "have to", vendar je "must" pogostejši. ("Have to" se običajno uporablja za govorjenje o pravilih in stvareh, na katere ne morete vplivati.) "Should" ) in "ought to" se uporabljata za podajanje predlogov. "Could" se uporabljata za podajanje možnosti. "Don’t have to" se uporabljata, če želite povedati, da nekaj ni potrebno. "Shouldn't" se uporablja za to, da nekoga nežno opozorimo, naj nečesa ne stori. "Mustn't" se uporablja za odločno opozorilo, da nekdo nečesa ne sme storiti.

You must see it!

To moraš videti!

You shouldn't ...

Ne bi smel ...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

biti sam

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

ponovno opravljati izpit

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

Tega mi ni treba storiti.

less

manj

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

Lahko bi ostal...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

dogovoriti se za sestanek

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

Ni ti treba voziti.

Do you have to go?

Moraš iti?

*Moral bi imeti* "Should have" se lahko uporablja za *izražanje obžalovanja zaradi preteklosti* - želimo si, da bi se nekaj v preteklosti zgodilo drugače: "I should have studied for my exam!" (Nisem se učil za izpite. Ni mi uspelo. Zdaj si želim, da bi se preteklost zgodila drugače.) Should have se lahko uporablja tudi za *pogovor o nečem, kar ste pričakovali, da se bo zgodilo*, a se ni (ali pa se je zgodilo šele pozneje). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (Pričakoval sem pismo, vendar ga ni).

You should have been here.

Moral bi biti tukaj.

to let (someone) know

sporočiti

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Moral bi poklicati.

to stay awake

ostati buden

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Morali bi se bili več učiti.

to shout at

kričati na

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Morali bi ostati.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

sprejeti nasvet

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

Moral bi vedeti bolje.

by now

do zdaj

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Nikoli te ne bi smel spustiti.

to renew

obnoviti

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

To bi moral storiti.

*bo + prislovi verjetnosti* Zdaj pa vadimo prislove verjetnosti, ki smo se jih naučili na začetku tega tečaja! Z različnimi prislovi lahko uporabite "will" in "won’t", da pokažete, *kako verjeten je prihodnji dogodek.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."