Ficillada caawiyaha ah iyo fal-maameedyada suurtagalnimadaErayada Ingiriisiga

by DuoCards

*Waa maxay fursadaha?* Si aad uga hadasho suurtagalnimada Ingiriisiga, waa inaad barato qaar ka mid ah falalka suurtagalnimada. *Falalka suurtagalnimada* waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu muujiyo sida aan u hubno xaalad ama dhacdo. Aan baranno qaar ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan!

definitely

hubaal

I will definitely be at the airport to meet you.

He will definitely regret it.

Wuu ka shallayn doonaa hubaal.

apparently

sida muuqata

Apparently, it is going to rain tomorrow.

Apparently, they are moving to another city.

Sida muuqata, waxay u guurayaan magaalo kale.

undoubtedly

shaki la'aan

He will undoubtedly pass the exam with flying colors.

certainly

hubaal

It will certainly rain tomorrow.

perhaps

waxaa laga yaabaa

Perhaps she was right.

obviously

sida iska cad

She was obviously sick.

He obviously lied.

Si cad ayuu u been sheegay.

he obviously lied to me

probably

waxaa laga yaabaa

It will probably rain today.

They are probably sleeping.

Waxay u badan tahay inay hurdaan.

Perhaps you were right.

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad saxnayd.

*Modal fal* Ficillada moodalku aad bay ugu badan yihiin Ingiriisiga; boqolaal jeer ayaad aragtay iyaga oo ficil ku jira xataa haddii aanad garanayn waxa loogu yeedho. Tusaalooyinka caadiga ah ee falka modal waxaa ka mid ah "can", "should", iyo "must". Sababtoo ah waa nooc ka mid ah *falka kaaliyaha ah (fal caawiye)* , waxa loo adeegsaday *qaabka aan dhamaadka lahayn ee falka ugu weyn* ee jumlada. "Can you drive me to the airport?" "You should try the lasagna."

I can't swim.

Ma aqaan sida loo dabaasho.

I can't swim very well.

You must wash your hands.

Waa inaad gacmahaaga dhaqataa.

You must wash your hands before cooking.

to order tickets

dalbashada tigidhada

She must order tickets in advance if she wants to go to the theater.

Can I have some water?

Ma heli karaa xoogaa biyo ah?

to focus

diiradda saarid

Mary can’t focus because her brother is playing the drums.

You should go.

Waa inaad tagtaa.

It's getting late. You should go home now.

entire

dhamman

I can eat an entire pizza.

We can see the entire city from this hill.

Buurtan dhaladeeda waxaad ka arki kartaa magaalada oo dhan.

Everybody can dance!

Qof kastaa wuu dheeli karaa!

*Kartida* Falka modal "can"waxa uu qeexayaa in mawduuca jumlada uu *awoodo in uu wax sameeyo.* Sidoo kale, qaabka xun "can’t"wuxuu muujinayaa in mawduuca aanu *awoodin inuu wax sameeyo.* "She can speak three languages." "I can't cook very well." "CAN"iyo "CAN'T"sidoo kale muuji codsi, ogolaansho, iyo suurtagal.

I can speak English.

Ingiriisiga waan ku hadli karaa.

I can speak English pretty good.

to ride a bike

baaskiil kaxayn

He can't ride a bike.

He can walk.

Wuu socon karaa.

My one-year-old son can walk already.

to take a day off

in maalin fasax ah la qaato

Can I take a day off?

What languages can you speak?

Luqadaha kuwee ayaad ku hadli kartaa?

chopsticks

ulaha cuntada

They can eat with chopsticks.

Can you help us?

Ma na caawin kartaa?

Can you help us with the homework?

Can I go to the bathroom?

Ma aadi karaa musqusha?

My sister can surf well.

Walaashay si fiican ayay u dabaalan kartaa hirarka.

"Can"*ama* "be able to?" Labaduba "can"iyo "be able to"isku macno ayay leeyihiin. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in ay ka hadlaan kartida. Laakiin "can"waxaa loo adeegsadaa in laga hadlo *awoodda guud* , waxaana "be able to"loo adeegsadaa in laga hadlo *karti gaar ah.* Xaaladaha qaarkood waa la isweydaarsan karaa. Tusaale ahaan: "I can swim."(guud ahaan) laakiin "I'm not able to swim today." Qaabka taban "to be able to"waa "to be unable to", tusaale ahaan: "She nodded, unable to speak." "Be able to"waxaa mararka qaarkood loo adeegsadaa *habraacyada* sida "might"ama "should", iyo ka dib fal-falyada sida "want", "hope", ama "expect".

to be able to

in uu awoodo

The animals are able to move around.

I might be able to come.

Waan imaan karaa laga yaabaa.

I might be able to come to the party tonight.

the entrance fee

lacagta gelitaanka

We were unable to afford the entrance fee.

to whistle

siidhiidhin

She whistled to her dog to come back to her.

He can read and write.

Wuu akhriyi karaa, wuuna qori karaa.

to envy

maseer

I envy people who can sing.

I envy children who can learn languages so quickly.

Waxaan ka masayraa carruurta luuqadaha sida degdegga ah u baran kara.

unable to speak

aan awoodin inuu hadlo

They nodded, unable to speak.

nervous

walwalsan

He was nervous about the exam results.

He was so nervous that he was unable to speak.

Aad ayuu u walwalsanaa ilaa uu awoodi waayay inuu hadlo.

to attend

ka qaybgalka

We will be able to attend the class next semester.

I might be able to help you.

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaan ku caawin karo.

*Soo dhaafay fudud* Falka modalka "can"oo leh "will"foomam hore u gaar ah: "can"→ "could" "will"→ "would" Kadib "could"ama "would", waxaan had iyo jeer isticmaalnaa *qaabka asaasiga ah ee falka ugu weyn* (infinitive without "to"). "Would"waxaa loo isticmaalaa caadooyin hore. Tusaalooyinka: "I could do a handstand when I was a kid."(= Waxaan lahaa karti hore) "During exam season in college, I would not sleep much."(= tani waxay ahayd caadadii aan hore u lahaa)

a handstand

isku-taagidda gacmaha

I could do a handstand when I was a kid.

barely

si dhib leh

He could barely walk.

When I was a student, I would study late at night.

Markii aan ardayga ahaa, waxaan wax baran jiray habeenkii dambe.

a countryside

baadiyaha

Every summer, we would visit my grandparents in the countryside.

Xagaa kasta, waxaan booqan jirnay awoowgay iyo ayeeyday oo deggan miyiga.

to smell

urinta

I could smell something burning.

When I was a kid, I could run very fast.

Markii aan yaraa, waxaan u ordi jiray si aad u dheereysa.

"Would"iyo "could"*asluubta* Waxaan isticmaalnaa "could"*si aan u sameyno codsiyo ama soo jeedin asluub leh* (ka asluub badan "can"). "Could you help me, please?" "I could lend you some money if you need it." Waxaan "would"*u isticmaalnaa dalabyo asluub leh* ama *si aan toos ahayn ugu dhawaaqno.* "I would like a coffee."(= ka edeb badan "I want a coffee.") "Would you like to join us?"

Could you help me, please?

Fadlan, ma i caawin kartaa?

Excuse me, could you help me, please? I'm lost.

Could I ... ?

Ma awoodi lahaa inaan... ?

Could I have some tea, please?

Would you ...?

Ma jeclaan lahayd...?

Would you like to go?

Would you like some coffee?

Ma rabtaa qaxwo?

That would be great!

Taasi waxay ahaan lahayd wax aad u wanaagsan!

Would it be possible?

Ma suurtogal baa?

Would it be possible to see him?

Could you repeat it?

Ma ku celin kartaa?

Could you please repeat what you just said?

Could you open the window, please?

Fadlan, ma furi kartaa daaqadda?

I would like a cup of tea.

Waxaan jeclaan lahaa koob shaah ah.

Would you like some help?

Ma u baahan tahay caawimo?

*May iyo May* Isticmaal "may"oo "might"ka hadal waxa *dhici doona* mustaqbalka. "May"oo "might"macnaheedu yahay *malaha doonis.* Waxay tixraaci karaan mustaqbalka ama hadda. *Tusaalooyinka:* "I might have a pen in my bag."(= isticmaalka hadda) "She may arrive tomorrow."(= isticmaalka mustaqbalka) "May""might"waana *fal modal ah* sida "can", "will", iyo "should", si ay u raacaan *xeerar isku mid ah.* 1) *Ha ku darin -s qofka saddexaad ee kali ah.* 2) Si loo sameeyo *diidmo* , ku dar "not"ka dib "may"iyo "might." 3) "May"waxaa loo isticmaali karaa *aniga* ama *anaga* si aan *codsiyo u samayno.* 4) "May"oo "might"ay had iyo jeer raacaan *fal qaab aan dhammaad lahayn.*

might be

waxay noqon kartaa

He might be right.

We might be there.

Waa laga yaabaa inaan halkaas joogno.

an episode

qayb

I might watch another episode.

He might come.

Wuu imaan karaa.

She may not come.

Waxa laga yaabaa inaanay iman.

She may not come to the party if she feels tired.

to be invited

in lagu martiqaado

We may be invited but I'm not sure.

May I have some tea?

Ma heli karaa xoogaa shaah ah?

May I have some tea, please?

I might go.

Waan tegi karaa laga yaabaa.

We might go to the beach if the weather is nice.

May I?

Ma karaa?

May I borrow your pen, please?

force

xoog

The police used force to control the crowd.

May the force be with you.

Awooddu ha kula jirto.

*Hababka hore ee Jarista* "Might"waxaana "may"sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in *lagu qiyaaso wixii hore u dhacay.* Foomka: "might""may"/// "may not have""might not have"+ *fal ka mid ah kuwii hore* "I might have seen him before."(= Ma hubo, laakiin waa suurtogal) "He might not have received the message."(= Waxaa laga yaabaa inuusan helin)

She may have left.

Waa laga yaabaa inay tagtay.

the noise

buuqa

What was that noise outside? I think it may have been a cat.

I might have bought...

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaan soo iibsaday...

I might have bought the wrong brand.

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaan iibsaday sumad khaldan.

to offend

cayid

Your comment may have offended some people.

He might have been...

Wuxuu ahaan karay...

They might have been happier if they had stayed together.

He might have been here before.

Waxa laga yaabaa inuu halkan hore u yimid.

to receive

in la qaabilo

He might not have received our message.

We might not have received...

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaanan helin...

We might not have received your emails because of some internet connection issues.

to remove

in laga saaro

It may have been removed.

She might have lost her keys.

Waxaa laga yaabaa inay lumisay furayaasheedii.

I might have seen him before.

Waan u malaynayaa inaan horay u arkay.

*Waxay ahayd jacayl!* Marka aad ka hadasho shay hore oo dhici kara oo aad *hubto in qiyaastaadu sax tahay* isticmaal "must have + past participle verb." "It must have been him!" Markaad ka hadasho wax *aan hore u dhicin* oo aad ku dhowdahay inaad hubto, isticmaal "couldn't"/ "can't have"+ *fal hore oo ka mid ah.* "He couldn't have forgotten about it!"

You must have seen it.

Xaqiiqdii waad aragtay.

You must have seen the new movie that just came out.

I must have been here before.

Waa inaan halkan hore u imid.

As I walked through the park, I realized I must have been here before.

to forget

iloobid

I've forgotten about it.

He couldn't have forgotten.

Ma uu ilaawi kareen.

He couldn't have forgotten about the appointment.

to be exhausted

in aad aad u daashid

I'm totally exhausted!

You must have been exhausted.

Waa inaad aad u daalanaayd.

After running the marathon, you must have been exhausted.

She must have left it there.

Waa inay halkaas kaga tagtay.

She must have left the toy in the garden.

to get stuck

in qof ku go'doomo meel

He could have gotten stuck in traffic.

It couldn't have been her.

Ma ayan noqon karin iyada.

When the teacher asked who broke the window, I said, "It couldn't have been her; she was with me the whole time."

It must have been love!

Waxay ahayd inay jacayl tahay!

When I saw her smile, I knew it must have been love.

*Isticmaalka Hababka Talooyinka* Waxaad hore u ogeyd in *shaqallada moodalku* ay muujinayaan *suurtogalnimada, ujeeddada, kartida, ama lama huraanka.* Aynu eegno qaar ka mid ah hababka loo isticmaali karo in *lagu bixiyo talooyinka.* "Must"waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu siiyo talo adag. Waxa kale oo aad "have to"u isticmaali kartaa talooyinka, laakiin "must"waa mid aad u badan. ( "Have to"waxaa guud ahaan loo adeegsadaa in laga hadlo sharciyada iyo waxyaabaha ka baxsan xakamayntaada.) "Should""ought to"waxaana loo isticmaalaa in lagu bixiyo talo. "Could"waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la siiyo doorasho. "Don’t have to"waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu yiraahdo wax aan loo baahnayn. "Shouldn't"waxaa loo isticmaalaa in qof si tartiib ah looga digo inuu wax sameeyo. "Mustn’t"waxaa loo isticmaalaa in qof si adag looga digo inuu wax sameeyo.

You must see it!

Waa inaad aragtaa!

You shouldn't ...

Ma habboona inaad ...

You shouldn’t walk home alone after dark.

to be alone

in aad keligaa ahaato

She shouldn't be alone.

to retake (an exam)

ku celinta imtixaanka

She has failed her exam. She has to retake it.

I don't have to do this.

Ma qasab inay tahay inaan tan sameeyo.

less

ka yar

You ought to drink less.

He could stay...

Wuu sii nán karaa...

He could stay at my place.

to make an appointment

ballan qabasho

You have to make an appointment to see him.

You don't have to drive.

Ma qasab aha inaad baabuurka kaxayso.

Do you have to go?

Ma qasab baa inaad tagto?

*Waa in uu leeyahay* "Should have"waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu *muujiyo qoomamaynta ku saabsan wixii la soo dhaafay* - si loo jeclaado in wax hore u dhaceen si ka duwan: "I should have studied for my exam!" (Imtixaanka wax uma baran, waan ku dhacay, hadda waxaan jeclaan lahaa in wixii hore ka duwan yahay). Waa inaad haysataa sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa inaad *ka hadasho wax aad filaysay inay dhacaan* , laakiin ma dhicin (ama ma dhicin ilaa wakhti dambe). "The letter should have arrived by now, but it hasn’t come yet." (Warqad ayaan filayey, laakiin halkan ma joogto).

You should have been here.

Waxay ahayd inaad halkan joogto.

to let (someone) know

in (qof) lala socodsiiyo

I should have let you know.

You should have called.

Waxay ahayd inaad soo wacdo.

to stay awake

soo jeedid

I'm really tired today. I should not have stayed awake so late last night.

We should have studied more.

Waxay ahayd inaan wax badan sii baranno.

to shout at

u qaylinta

I shouldn't have shouted at her.

They should have stayed.

Waxay ahayd inay sii joogaan.

They should have stayed in the bunker.

to take advice

qaadashada talada

You should have taken advice.

I should have known better.

Waxay ahayd inaan si fiican u ogaado.

by now

ilaa hadda

He should be married by now.

I should have never let you go.

Marnaba ma ahayn inaan kuu ogolaado inaad iga tagto.

to renew

cusboonaysiin

I should have renewed my travel insurance.

You should have done that.

Taas waxay ahayd inaad samayso.

*Dardaaran + tibaaxaha itimaalka* Haddaba aynu ku dhaqno fal-dambiyeedka ixtimaalka ee aynu ka baranay bilawgii koorsadan! Waxaad isticmaali kartaa "will"iyo "won’t"erayo kala duwan si aad u muujiso *sida ay suurtogal u tahay dhacdo mustaqbalka ah.* "I’ll maybe go to the party." "I’ll probably go to the party." "I’ll definitely go to the party." "I’ll certainly go to the party."